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16 results for “clay models”
Interpolated Clay Fraction and Resistivity model of the Aare Valley, Switzerland
<p>The dataset is an underground model of the Upper Aare Valley in Switzerland. It has been made in the framework of the Phenix project at the University of Neuchâtel. It has been produced by applying the CF prediction method (doi : 10.5194/hess-18-4349-2014) to an EM dataset (doi : 10.5194/essd-13-2743-2021).</p> <p>The Model was then interpolated using Multiple Point statistics, with robust uncertainty quantification (doi : In review).</p> <p>The two files contain the same data, as pointset or gridVTK files. The data contained are :</p> <ul> <li>Log10(Resistivity)</li> <li>Log10(Resistivity) Uncertainty (STD)</li> <li>ClayFraction</li> <li>ClayFraction Uncertainty (STD)</li> </ul> <p>The X,Y,Z positions are provided in UTM32N (epsg : 32632).</p>
Data and code for 'Influence of cross-correlation on the modelled uncertainty in stress–strain behavior of soft clays'
<p>This dataset contains data and code used in the research work for the manuscript "Influence of cross-correlation on the modelled uncertainty in stress–strain behavior of soft clays". The study considered two case studies, Haarajoki clay and Suurpelto clay. Two settlement calculation methods were used: compression index method and Janbu (tangential stiffness) method. In addition, clay database FI-CLAY/14/856 was extended and used to study cross-correlations between compressibility paramaters at different clay sites. Version 2 of FI-CLAY/14/856 is provided, including some other updates and corrections also.</p> <p>The Monte Carlo simulation with Gaussian copula was implemented with Python in Jupyter Notebook environment. In addition to data and code, supplementary figures are also provided. The contents of the dataset-folder are briefly described below:</p> <ul> <li>1_Data_Oedometer_test <ul> <li>Oedometer test data for Haarajoki clay and Suurpelto clay: <ul> <li>Data tables that include the clay specimen identifications, index properties, and oedometer test results (.xlsx)</li> <li>Oedometer raw data files that include all the available stress-strain measurements of both constant-rate-of-strain and incrementally loaded odometer tests (.xlsx)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Extended clay database FI-CLAY/14/856 (version 2) (.xlsx)</li> </ul> </li> <li>2_Code_Jupyter_Notebooks <ul> <li>Python code used to run the Monte Carlo simulations and to create the results figures (.ipynb)</li> <li>Readme-file (.txt)</li> </ul> </li> <li>3_Figures_Online_Supplement <ul> <li>Scatterplots with histograms that show the simulated compressibility parameters in each case (.pdf)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>More information on database FI-CLAY/14/856 can be found from the original article (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17499518.2020.1864410) and 304dB datbase compilation by TC304 (http://140.112.12.21/issmge/tc304.htm).</p> <p> </p>
The effect of biofluorescence on predation upon Cope’s gray treefrog: A clay model experiment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Clay models and eDNA are useful tools for identifying predators of Salamanders
<p class="MsoNormal">Clay models are a popular technique for studying predation in nature due to their ease of deployment and minimal disruption of natural processes, but a drawback is the ambiguity of identifying predators based on bite marks. However, it is possible to amplify and sequence environmental DNA (eDNA) from these bite marks and to identify the predators responsible for attacking models. In this study, we sought to test the viability of eDNA from clay models as a means of identifying predators. We deployed molded clay models that resemble <em><span>Plethodon ventralis</span></em> Highton (Southern Zigzag Salamanders) into the field. We then extracted eDNA from visible bite marks, amplified and sequenced the 12S rRNA mitochondrial locus on an Illumina MiSeq, and used BLAST to determine the identity of representative sequences. We identified likely predators as <em><span>Procyon lotor</span></em> L. (American Raccoons), <em><span>Didelphis virginiana</span></em> Kerr (Virginia Opossums), <em><span>Turdus migratorius</span></em> L. (American Robins), and <em><span>Tamias striatus</span></em> L. (Eastern Chipmunks). We believe that this technique is helpful for adding a layer of specificity to clay model studies, albeit with a few potential pitfalls that we discuss.</p>
A collection of X-ray projections of 131 pieces of modeling clay containing stones for machine learning-driven object detection
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains a collection of 235800 X-ray projections of 131 pieces of modeling clay (Play-Doh) with various numbers of stones inserted. The submission is intended as an extensive and easy-to-use training dataset for supervised machine learning driven object detection. The ground truth locations of the stones are included. The data is supplementary material to the paper titled "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection" [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample information</em></p> <p>The samples are modeling clay (Play-Doh, Hasbro, RI, USA) with various numbers of pieces of gravel included. In total 131 samples are prepared, of which 20 samples contain 5-8 inserted stones, 3 samples contain three stones, 35 contain two stones, 62 contain one stone and 11 contain no stones. The stones have an average diameter of ca. 7mm (ranging from 3mm to 11mm). The Play-Doh is remolded for every sample.</p> <p><em>Apparatus</em></p> <p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p> <p><em>Scanning setup</em></p> <p>For each sample, 1800 radiographs are collected by rotating the sample over 360 degrees in a circular and continuous motion. A peak voltage of 90kV is used, and the target power is set to 20W. The distance between the source and detector is 69.80 cm and the distance between the source and the object is 44.14 cm. An exposure time of 20 ms is used for each projection.</p> <p><em>Experimental plan</em></p> <p>This data is the result of a demonstration of a workflow to collect annotated data for supervised machine learning for X-ray based object detection. The ground truth locations are retrieved by tomographic reconstruction, segmentation and virtual projections with the same acquisition angles. A detailed description for the workflow to obtain a training dataset is given in [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p><em>Technical details</em></p> <p>All projections have been corrected with flatfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post radiographs) and darkfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post images). Both the X-ray projections and the ground truth images are resized to 128x128 pixels. The raw data is made available in another (larger) submission for complete reproduction (<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5866228">https://zenodo.org/record/5866228</a>). All images are stored in .tif format. The data for samples with 5-8 stones are put in a separate folder from the data with 0-3 stones. The size of the completely unpacked dataset is 19.6 GB.</p> <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Because the dataset consists of 471600 files, fully extracting the dataset may take a while. Therefore, an additional and significantly smaller zip-file is included for previewing the data, with one X-ray projection for each sample.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong><br> zeegers [at] cwi [dot] nl</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 639.073.506. The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p> <p><br> <strong>References</strong><br> [Zeegers 2022] M. T. Zeegers, T. van Leeuwen, D. M. Pelt, S. B. Coban, R. van Liere, K. J. Batenburg, "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection", 2022 (in preparation)<br> [Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p> <p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, we would appreciate it if you would refer to the first article.</p>
A collection of 131 CT datasets of pieces of modeling clay containing stones - Part 5 of 5
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains a collection of 131 CT scans of pieces of modeling clay (Play-Doh) with various numbers of stones inserted. The submission is intended as raw supplementary material to reproduce the CT reconstructions and subsequent results in the paper titled "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection" [Zeegers 2022]. This submission consists of three parts in total.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Parts</strong></p> <p>The 131 CT scans are divided into 5 separate submissions:<br> Part 1 of 5<em>:</em> 001-028: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866228">10.5281/zenodo.5866228</a><br> Part 2 of 5: 029-056: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866322">10.5281/zenodo.5866322</a><br> Part 3 of 5: 057-084: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866363">10.5281/zenodo.5866363</a><br> Part 4 of 5: 085-111: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866365">10.5281/zenodo.5866365</a><br> Part 5 of 5: 112-131: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866367">10.5281/zenodo.5866367</a> <strong>(this upload)</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample information</em></p> <p>The samples are modeling clay (Play-Doh, Hasbro, RI, USA) with various numbers of pieces of gravel included. In total 131 samples are prepared, of which 20 samples contain 5-8 inserted stones, 3 samples contain three stones, 35 contain two stones, 62 contain one stone and 11 contain no stones. The stones have an average diameter of ca. 7mm (ranging from 3mm to 11mm). The Play-Doh is remolded for every sample.</p> <p><em>Apparatus</em></p> <p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p> <p><em>Scanning setup</em></p> <p>For each sample, 1800 radiographs are collected by rotating the sample over 360 degrees in a circular and continuous motion. A peak voltage of 90kV is used, and the target power is set to 20W. The distance between the source and detector is 69.80 cm and the distance between the source and the object is 44.14 cm. An exposure time of 20 ms is used for each projection.</p> <p><em>Experimental plan</em></p> <p>This data is the result of a demonstration of a workflow to collect annotated data for supervised machine learning for X-ray based object detection. The ground truth locations are retrieved by tomographic reconstruction, segmentation and virtual projections with the same acquisition angles. A detailed description for the workflow to obtain a training dataset is given in [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p><em>Technical details</em></p> <p>All projections are unprocessed files, except that a binning been applied FleX-ray lab software. The resulting image sizes are 956x760. Flatfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post radiographs) and darkfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post images) are included with each object. All images are stored in .tif format. The data for samples with 0-3 stones are contained in parts 1 to 4, while the samples with 5-8 stones constitute part 5. The size of the completely unpacked dataset (all 5 parts) is ca. 343.5 GB.</p> <p>The processed data (with generated ground truth) is made available in another (smaller) submission for object detection purposes: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5681008">https://zenodo.org/record/5681008</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong><br> zeegers [at] cwi [dot] nl</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 639.073.506. The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p> <p><br> <strong>References</strong><br> [Zeegers 2022] M. T. Zeegers, T. van Leeuwen, D. M. Pelt, S. B. Coban, R. van Liere, K. J. Batenburg, "A tomographic workflow to enable deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection", 2022 (submitted)<br> [Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p> <p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, we would appreciate it if you would refer to the first article.</p>
A collection of 131 CT datasets of pieces of modeling clay containing stones - Part 4 of 5
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains a collection of 131 CT scans of pieces of modeling clay (Play-Doh) with various numbers of stones inserted. The submission is intended as raw supplementary material to reproduce the CT reconstructions and subsequent results in the paper titled "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection" [Zeegers 2022]. This submission consists of three parts in total.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Parts</strong></p> <p>The 131 CT scans are divided into 5 separate submissions:<br> Part 1 of 5<em>:</em> 001-028: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866228">10.5281/zenodo.5866228</a><br> Part 2 of 5: 029-056: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866322">10.5281/zenodo.5866322</a><br> Part 3 of 5: 057-084: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866363">10.5281/zenodo.5866363</a><br> Part 4 of 5: 085-111: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866365">10.5281/zenodo.5866365</a> <strong>(this upload)</strong><br> Part 5 of 5: 112-131: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866367">10.5281/zenodo.5866367</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample information</em></p> <p>The samples are modeling clay (Play-Doh, Hasbro, RI, USA) with various numbers of pieces of gravel included. In total 131 samples are prepared, of which 20 samples contain 5-8 inserted stones, 3 samples contain three stones, 35 contain two stones, 62 contain one stone and 11 contain no stones. The stones have an average diameter of ca. 7mm (ranging from 3mm to 11mm). The Play-Doh is remolded for every sample.</p> <p><em>Apparatus</em></p> <p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p> <p><em>Scanning setup</em></p> <p>For each sample, 1800 radiographs are collected by rotating the sample over 360 degrees in a circular and continuous motion. A peak voltage of 90kV is used, and the target power is set to 20W. The distance between the source and detector is 69.80 cm and the distance between the source and the object is 44.14 cm. An exposure time of 20 ms is used for each projection.</p> <p><em>Experimental plan</em></p> <p>This data is the result of a demonstration of a workflow to collect annotated data for supervised machine learning for X-ray based object detection. The ground truth locations are retrieved by tomographic reconstruction, segmentation and virtual projections with the same acquisition angles. A detailed description for the workflow to obtain a training dataset is given in [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p><em>Technical details</em></p> <p>All projections are unprocessed files, except that a binning been applied FleX-ray lab software. The resulting image sizes are 956x760. Flatfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post radiographs) and darkfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post images) are included with each object. All images are stored in .tif format. The data for samples with 0-3 stones are contained in parts 1 to 4, while the samples with 5-8 stones constitute part 5. The size of the completely unpacked dataset (all 5 parts) is ca. 343.5 GB.</p> <p>The processed data (with generated ground truth) is made available in another (smaller) submission for object detection purposes: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5681008">https://zenodo.org/record/5681008</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong><br> zeegers [at] cwi [dot] nl</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 639.073.506. The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p> <p><br> <strong>References</strong><br> [Zeegers 2022] M. T. Zeegers, T. van Leeuwen, D. M. Pelt, S. B. Coban, R. van Liere, K. J. Batenburg, "A tomographic workflow to enable deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection", 2022 (submitted)<br> [Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p> <p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, we would appreciate it if you would refer to the first article.</p>
A collection of 131 CT datasets of pieces of modeling clay containing stones - Part 2 of 5
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains a collection of 131 CT scans of pieces of modeling clay (Play-Doh) with various numbers of stones inserted. The submission is intended as raw supplementary material to reproduce the CT reconstructions and subsequent results in the paper titled "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection" [Zeegers 2022]. This submission consists of three parts in total.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Parts</strong></p> <p>The 131 CT scans are divided into 5 separate submissions:<br> Part 1 of 5<em>:</em> 001-028: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866228">10.5281/zenodo.5866228</a><br> Part 2 of 5: 029-056: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866322">10.5281/zenodo.5866322</a> <strong>(this upload)</strong><br> Part 3 of 5: 057-084: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866363">10.5281/zenodo.5866363</a><br> Part 4 of 5: 085-111: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866365">10.5281/zenodo.5866365</a><br> Part 5 of 5: 112-131: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866367">10.5281/zenodo.5866367</a> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample information</em></p> <p>The samples are modeling clay (Play-Doh, Hasbro, RI, USA) with various numbers of pieces of gravel included. In total 131 samples are prepared, of which 20 samples contain 5-8 inserted stones, 3 samples contain three stones, 35 contain two stones, 62 contain one stone and 11 contain no stones. The stones have an average diameter of ca. 7mm (ranging from 3mm to 11mm). The Play-Doh is remolded for every sample.</p> <p><em>Apparatus</em></p> <p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p> <p><em>Scanning setup</em></p> <p>For each sample, 1800 radiographs are collected by rotating the sample over 360 degrees in a circular and continuous motion. A peak voltage of 90kV is used, and the target power is set to 20W. The distance between the source and detector is 69.80 cm and the distance between the source and the object is 44.14 cm. An exposure time of 20 ms is used for each projection.</p> <p><em>Experimental plan</em></p> <p>This data is the result of a demonstration of a workflow to collect annotated data for supervised machine learning for X-ray based object detection. The ground truth locations are retrieved by tomographic reconstruction, segmentation and virtual projections with the same acquisition angles. A detailed description for the workflow to obtain a training dataset is given in [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p><em>Technical details</em></p> <p>All projections are unprocessed files, except that a binning been applied FleX-ray lab software. The resulting image sizes are 956x760. Flatfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post radiographs) and darkfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post images) are included with each object. All images are stored in .tif format. The data for samples with 0-3 stones are contained in parts 1 to 4, while the samples with 5-8 stones constitute part 5. The size of the completely unpacked dataset (all 5 parts) is ca. 343.5 GB.</p> <p>The processed data (with generated ground truth) is made available in another (smaller) submission for object detection purposes: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5681008">https://zenodo.org/record/5681008</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong><br> zeegers [at] cwi [dot] nl</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 639.073.506. The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p> <p><br> <strong>References</strong><br> [Zeegers 2022] M. T. Zeegers, T. van Leeuwen, D. M. Pelt, S. B. Coban, R. van Liere, K. J. Batenburg, "A tomographic workflow to enable deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection", 2022 (submitted)<br> [Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p> <p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, we would appreciate it if you would refer to the first article.</p>
A collection of 131 CT datasets of pieces of modeling clay containing stones - Part 1 of 5
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains a collection of 131 CT scans of pieces of modeling clay (Play-Doh) with various numbers of stones inserted. The submission is intended as raw supplementary material to reproduce the CT reconstructions and subsequent results in the paper titled "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection" [Zeegers 2022]. This submission consists of three parts in total.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Parts</strong></p> <p>The 131 CT scans are divided into 5 separate submissions:<br> Part 1 of 5<em>:</em> 001-028: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866228">10.5281/zenodo.5866228</a><strong> (this upload)</strong><br> Part 2 of 5: 029-056: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866322">10.5281/zenodo.5866322</a><br> Part 3 of 5: 057-084: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866363">10.5281/zenodo.5866363</a><br> Part 4 of 5: 085-111: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866365">10.5281/zenodo.5866365</a><br> Part 5 of 5: 112-131: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866367">10.5281/zenodo.5866367</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample information</em></p> <p>The samples are modeling clay (Play-Doh, Hasbro, RI, USA) with various numbers of pieces of gravel included. In total 131 samples are prepared, of which 20 samples contain 5-8 inserted stones, 3 samples contain three stones, 35 contain two stones, 62 contain one stone and 11 contain no stones. The stones have an average diameter of ca. 7mm (ranging from 3mm to 11mm). The Play-Doh is remolded for every sample.</p> <p><em>Apparatus</em></p> <p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p> <p><em>Scanning setup</em></p> <p>For each sample, 1800 radiographs are collected by rotating the sample over 360 degrees in a circular and continuous motion. A peak voltage of 90kV is used, and the target power is set to 20W. The distance between the source and detector is 69.80 cm and the distance between the source and the object is 44.14 cm. An exposure time of 20 ms is used for each projection.</p> <p><em>Experimental plan</em></p> <p>This data is the result of a demonstration of a workflow to collect annotated data for supervised machine learning for X-ray based object detection. The ground truth locations are retrieved by tomographic reconstruction, segmentation and virtual projections with the same acquisition angles. A detailed description for the workflow to obtain a training dataset is given in [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p><em>Technical details</em></p> <p>All projections are unprocessed files, except that a binning been applied FleX-ray lab software. The resulting image sizes are 956x760. Flatfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post radiographs) and darkfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post images) are included with each object. All images are stored in .tif format. The data for samples with 0-3 stones are contained in parts 1 to 4, while the samples with 5-8 stones constitute part 5. The size of the completely unpacked dataset (all 5 parts) is ca. 343.5 GB.</p> <p>The processed data (with generated ground truth) is made available in another (smaller) submission for object detection purposes: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5681008">https://zenodo.org/record/5681008</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong><br> zeegers [at] cwi [dot] nl</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 639.073.506. The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p> <p><br> <strong>References</strong><br> [Zeegers 2022] M. T. Zeegers, T. van Leeuwen, D. M. Pelt, S. B. Coban, R. van Liere, K. J. Batenburg, "A tomographic workflow to enable deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection", 2022 (submitted)<br> [Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p> <p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, we would appreciate it if you would refer to the first article.</p>
A collection of 131 CT datasets of pieces of modeling clay containing stones - Part 3 of 5
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains a collection of 131 CT scans of pieces of modeling clay (Play-Doh) with various numbers of stones inserted. The submission is intended as raw supplementary material to reproduce the CT reconstructions and subsequent results in the paper titled "A tomographic workflow enabling deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection" [Zeegers 2022]. This submission consists of three parts in total.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Parts</strong></p> <p>The 131 CT scans are divided into 5 separate submissions:<br> Part 1 of 5<em>:</em> 001-028: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866228">10.5281/zenodo.5866228</a><br> Part 2 of 5: 029-056: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866322">10.5281/zenodo.5866322</a><br> Part 3 of 5: 057-084: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866363">10.5281/zenodo.5866363</a> <strong>(this upload)</strong><br> Part 4 of 5: 085-111: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866365">10.5281/zenodo.5866365</a><br> Part 5 of 5: 112-131: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866367">10.5281/zenodo.5866367</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p><em>Sample information</em></p> <p>The samples are modeling clay (Play-Doh, Hasbro, RI, USA) with various numbers of pieces of gravel included. In total 131 samples are prepared, of which 20 samples contain 5-8 inserted stones, 3 samples contain three stones, 35 contain two stones, 62 contain one stone and 11 contain no stones. The stones have an average diameter of ca. 7mm (ranging from 3mm to 11mm). The Play-Doh is remolded for every sample.</p> <p><em>Apparatus</em></p> <p>The dataset is acquired in the FleX-ray Laboratory, developed by TESCAN-XRE, located at CWI in Amsterdam. The CT scanner consists consists of a cone-beam microfocus polychromatic X-ray point source, and a 1944x1536 pixel, 14-bit, flat detector panel (Dexela1512NDT). Full details can be found in [Coban 2020].</p> <p><em>Scanning setup</em></p> <p>For each sample, 1800 radiographs are collected by rotating the sample over 360 degrees in a circular and continuous motion. A peak voltage of 90kV is used, and the target power is set to 20W. The distance between the source and detector is 69.80 cm and the distance between the source and the object is 44.14 cm. An exposure time of 20 ms is used for each projection.</p> <p><em>Experimental plan</em></p> <p>This data is the result of a demonstration of a workflow to collect annotated data for supervised machine learning for X-ray based object detection. The ground truth locations are retrieved by tomographic reconstruction, segmentation and virtual projections with the same acquisition angles. A detailed description for the workflow to obtain a training dataset is given in [Zeegers 2022].</p> <p><em>Technical details</em></p> <p>All projections are unprocessed files, except that a binning been applied FleX-ray lab software. The resulting image sizes are 956x760. Flatfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post radiographs) and darkfield images (averaged over 10 pre and 10 post images) are included with each object. All images are stored in .tif format. The data for samples with 0-3 stones are contained in parts 1 to 4, while the samples with 5-8 stones constitute part 5. The size of the completely unpacked dataset (all 5 parts) is ca. 343.5 GB.</p> <p>The processed data (with generated ground truth) is made available in another (smaller) submission for object detection purposes: <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/5681008">https://zenodo.org/record/5681008</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong><br> These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands: <a href="https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging">https://www.cwi.nl/research/groups/computational-imaging</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Contact details</strong><br> zeegers [at] cwi [dot] nl</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), project number 639.073.506. The authors also acknowledge TESCAN-XRE NV for their collaboration and support of the FleX-ray laboratory.</p> <p><br> <strong>References</strong><br> [Zeegers 2022] M. T. Zeegers, T. van Leeuwen, D. M. Pelt, S. B. Coban, R. van Liere, K. J. Batenburg, "A tomographic workflow to enable deep learning for X-ray based foreign object detection", 2022 (submitted)<br> [Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p> <p>If you use (parts of) this data in a publication, we would appreciate it if you would refer to the first article.</p>
FOD CT Data: air pockets in avocado and stone in modelling clay
<p><strong>Summary</strong></p> <p>This submission contains X-ray CT data of avocado fruits and pieces of modelling clay containing pebble stones.<br> Data for every object include binned pre-processed projections and volume segmentations.<br> These datasets can be used for training and testing deep learning methods for foreign object detection.</p> <p>The data is made available as a part of the paper "CT-based data generation for foreign object detection on a single X-ray projection".</p> <p><strong>Data acquisition</strong></p> <p>A majority of raw data for modeling clay (excluding 10 samples without pebble stones in the Test subset) is taken from the dataset<br> "A collection of 131 CT datasets of pieces of modeling clay containing stones"<br> [](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5866228)</p> <p>The remaining pieces of modeling clay and all avocado fruits were scanned at the FleX-ray laboratory<br> of the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (details can be found in [Coban 2020]).<br> For every fruit, we made scans with significantly different amounts of air pockets by waiting for a few days between experimental acquisitions.<br> The measurements were performed with the voltage of 90 kV, power of 45 W, exposure time of 300 ms per projection, and magnification factor of 1.3.<br> The original X-ray image size was 1912 px x 1520 px with a pixel size of 75 μm, 1440 images were acquired for every sample.<br> For faster deep learning model training, images and reconstructions were downsampled with a factor of 4, leading to the effective pixel size of 300 μm and voxel size of 230 μm.<br> Additional scans of the pieces of modeling clay were acquired with settings similar to the main collection.</p> <p><strong>Data Description</strong></p> <p>The submission is split into "Avocado" and "Playdoh" (pieces of modeling clay) datasets. Each dataset is further split into Training and Test subsets.</p> <p>The folder for every scanned object contains<br> - ./log/ - subfolder with logarithmed X-ray projections after darkfield and flatfield correction.<br> - ./segm/ - subfolder with slices of the segmented volume.<br> - ./scan settings.txt - a file with scanner metadata containing scan geometry<br> - ./volume_info.csv - a file with a voxel count for every class in the segmentation.</p> <p>For playdoh objects, the segmentation classes are modeling clay (Class 1) and pebble stone (Class 2). In this case, pebble stones are foreign objects.</p> <p>For avocado objects, the segmentation classes are peel (Class 1), avocado meat (Class 2), seed (Class 3) and air pockets (Class 4). Air pockets are considered a foreign object.</p> <p><strong>Additional Links</strong></p> <p>These datasets are produced by the Computational Imaging group at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CI-CWI). For any relevant Python/MATLAB scripts for the FleX-ray datasets, we refer the reader to our group's GitHub page.</p> <p><strong>Contact Details</strong></p> <p>For more information or guidance in using these datasets, please get in touch with<br> - vladyslav.andriiashen [at] cwi.nl</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>[Coban 2020] S. B. Coban, F. Lucka, W. J. Palenstijn, D. Van Loo, and K. J. Batenburg, “Explorative imaging and its implementation at the FleX-ray Laboratory,” J. Imaging, vol. 6, no. 18, 2020, doi: 10.3390/jimaging6040018.</p>
Clay_1_model
<p>Clay process dalamvelas_ants model</p>
Viscoelasticity modeling of clay minerals by dynamic viscoelasticity measurement and its implications for earthquake faulting
<p>We conducted dynamic viscoelastic measurements on three clay minerals, kaolinite, illite and smectite with water. These concentrated (dense) suspension systems of clay minerals were investigated using a high-temperature and high-fluid-pressure rheometer to determine their viscoelastic properties, which help further the understanding of tectonic and non-tectonic phenomena in the shallow unconsolidated portion of the lithosphere. Our results suggested that the rheological properties resulting from the network structure of the clay mineral were temperature, pressure and peak shear strain rate dependent. In addition, it was observed during this study that the amount of change in the phase angle varied systematically with the type of clay mineral. This suggests that the viscoelastic behaviour of unconsolidated systems saturated with fluid varies with the type of clay minerals that compose it. (Abstract)</p>
Clay models and eDNA are useful tools for identifying predators of Salamanders
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Database obtained through numerical modelling comprising short-term vertical displacements around a shaft excavated in London Clay
<p>The database was generated via finite element axisymmetric analysis of the excavation of a shaft in London Clay. It includes vertical displacements troughs around the shaft (from 0.1m to a radial distance equal to 2xShaft depth) extracted at depth intervals of 0.1xShaft depth, from the surface to the shaft depth. </p>
Fired clay model boat
Fired clay model boat; handmade. Cultures/periods: Early Dynastic III Production date: 2500BC Excavated/Findspot: Royal Cemetery (Ur) Museum Number: 123731 © The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence. See: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1929-1017-722 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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