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176 results for “climatic gradient”
Population persistence, phenotypic divergence and metabolic adaptation in yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) along a climate gradient, CA, 1920 to 2023
This dataset provides insights into the persistence and adaptation of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) populations over a 100-year period of climate change. The data include plant height measurements and climatic variables (temperature and precipitation) from historical and resurveyed sites spanning a broad environmental gradient (1–3,200 m a.s.l.), alongside metabolic profiles obtained from a common-garden experiment. The dataset captures phenotypic changes in plant growth, metabolic diversity, and site-specific climatic shifts between 1920 and 2020. These data support analyses of how temperature and precipitation interact to shape plant responses over time and allow for exploring patterns of local adaptation in phenotypic and metabolic traits. This comprehensive dataset is valuable for understanding the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying population persistence and can inform conservation strategies under future climate scenarios.
Chironomid taxa relative abundance information and lake identifiers for: Changes in midge assemblages reflect climate and trophic gradients across north temperate and boreal lakes since the pre-industrial period
<p>File 1: Relative abundances for chironomid taxa used in the manuscript: Changes in midge assemblages reflect climate and trophic gradients across north temperate and boreal lakes since the pre-industrial period. Lake_ID corresponds to the lake IDs attributed to each lake sampled as part of the LakePulse Network</p> <p>File 2: Lake_ID, lake name, latitude, longitude, sampling date, province, and ecozone for the 69 lakes examined in the manuscript: Changes in midge assemblages reflect climate and trophic gradients across north temperate and boreal lakes since the pre-industrial period. </p>
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: microbial biomass and activity at climate gradient plots, 2010-2012
In October 2010, as part of a study of the relationships between snow depth, soil freezing and nutrient cycling (http://www.ecostudies.org/people_sci_groffman_snow_summary.html), we established 6 20 x 20 m plots (intensive plots) and 14 10 x 10-m plots (extensive plots) following an elevation gradient, with eight of the plots facing north and twelve facing south. Seasonal (spring, summer autumn) measurements of soil nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations, microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, microbial respiration, potential nitrification and N mineralization rates, and denitrification potential occurred from 2010 – 2012. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Effects of Tide-Induced Mixing on the Surface Temperature Gradients Between the Equator and Poles During the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum -- Dataset
<p>The files contain the data related to the figures in this paper.</p><p>-- Fig.1 The topographic roughness of the PI and MMCO before and after reconstruction</p><p>-- Fig.2 The 300-year time series of the annual mean SAT and SST</p><p>-- Fig.3 The data of SSH for PI_TF experiment</p><p>-- Fig.4 The tidal dissipation and mixing for MMCO_TM, and the ocean vertical mixing</p><p>-- Fig.5 The annual mean SAT and SST for the MMCO_TM and<i> </i>MMCO<i>_</i>noTM</p><p>-- Fig.6 The global meridional heat transport for the MMCO_TM and<i> </i>MMCO<i>_</i>noTM</p><p>-- Fig.7 The net sea surface heat flux for the MMCO_TM and<i> </i>MMCO<i>_</i>noTM</p><p>-- Fig.8 The GMOC and AMOC for the MMCO_TM and<i> </i>MMCO<i>_</i>noTM</p>
Semi‐quantitative metabarcoding reveals how climate shapes arthropod community assembly along elevation gradients on Hawaii Island
<p>Spatial variation in climatic conditions along elevation gradients provides an important backdrop by which communities assemble and diversify. Lowland habitats tend to be connected through time, whereas highlands can be continuously or periodically isolated, conditions that have been hypothesized to promote high levels of species endemism. This tendency is expected to be accentuated among taxa that show niche conservatism within a given climatic envelope. While species distribution modeling approaches have allowed extensive exploration of niche conservatism among target taxa, a broad understanding of the phenomenon requires sampling of entire communities. Species-rich groups such as arthropods are ideal case studies for understanding ecological and biodiversity dynamics along elevational gradients given their important functional role in many ecosystems, but community-level studies have been limited due to their tremendous diversity. Here, we develop a novel semi-quantitative metabarcoding approach that combines specimen counts and size-sorting to characterize arthropod community-level diversity patterns along two elevational gradients across two volcanoes on the island of Hawai`i. We find that arthropod communities between the two transects become increasingly distinct compositionally at higher elevations. Resistance surface approaches suggest that climatic differences between sampling localities are an important driver in shaping beta-diversity patterns, though the relative importance of climate varies across taxonomic groups. Nevertheless, the climatic niche position of OTUs between transects was highly correlated, suggesting that climatic filters shape the colonization between adjacent volcanoes. Taken together, our results highlight climatic niche conservatism as an important factor shaping ecological assembly along elevational gradients and suggest topographic complexity as an important driver of diversification.</p>
Trait functional diversity explains mixture effects on litter decomposition at the arid end of a climate gradient
<p><span>Litter decomposition is controlled by climate, litter quality and decomposer communities. Because the decomposition of specific litter types is also influenced by the properties of adjacent types, mixing litter types may result in non-additive effects on overall decomposition rates. The strength of these effects seems to depend on the litter functional diversity. However, it is unclear which functional traits or combination of traits explain litter mixture effects and if these depend on the range of trait values and the ecosystems involved. These uncertainties hamper our ability to predict decomposition in plant communities. </span></p> <p><span>We aimed at understanding whether and how functional diversity (measured as functional dispersion, FDis) influences litter decomposition, and how this influence varies among different climates and across decomposition stages. We calculated FDis based on litter traits related to nutrient concentrations or to litter recalcitrance, and tested whether these diversity measures and climatic parameters (soil moisture and temperature) explained litter mixture effects on decomposition. </span></p> <p><span>Additive mixture effects (i.e. decomposition of mixtures equalling the mean decomposition of the single litter types) were common in most of the evaluated climates. Non-additive, negative effects were mainly restricted to the driest and warmest sites, and decreased with time. Non-additive effects increased in magnitude with the mixtures' FDis, with positive effects being related to FDis in nutrient traits and negative effects being related to FDis in recalcitrance traits. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Litter mixing did not have strong effects on decomposition rates across the studied climatic gradient overall, and the direction and intensity of the mixture effects were context-dependent. The effects were stronger and more negative in the dryer ecosystems. Where effects were found, functional diversity calculated from selected groups of traits (related to nutrients or litter recalcitrance) predicted mixture effects, especially where trait ranges were broad, though much of the variation remains unexplained. We propose that functional diversity metrics based on litter traits that are mechanistically relevant, applied to diverse site-specific litter mixtures in different climates, can help to better understand under which conditions and in which direction litter diversity affects decomposition.</span></p>
Neutral processes related to regional bee commonness and dispersal distances are important predictors of plant-pollinator networks along gradients of climate and landscape conditions
<p>Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes contribute to the spatial variation in plant-pollinator interactions is central to designing effective pollination conservation schemes. Such schemes are needed to reverse declines of wild bees and other pollinating insects and to promote pollination services to wild and cultivated plants. We used data on wild bee interactions with plants belonging to the four tribes Loteae, Trifolieae, Anthemideae, and either spring- or summer-flowering Cichorieae, sampled systematically along a 682km latitudinal gradient to build models that allowed us to (a) predict occurrences of pairwise bee-flower interactions across 115 sampling locations, and (b) estimate the contribution of variables hypothesized to be related to niche-based assembly structuring processes (viz. annual mean temperature, landscape diversity, bee sociality, bee phenology, and flower preferences of bees) and neutral processes (viz. regional commonness and dispersal distance to conspecifics). While neutral processes were important predictors of plant-pollinator distributions, niche-based processes were reflected in the contrasting distributions of solitary bee and bumble bees along the temperature gradient, and in the influence of bee flower preferences on the distribution of bee species across plant types. In particular, bee flower preferences separated bees into three main groups, albeit with some overlap: visitors to spring-flowering Cichorieae; visitors to Anthemideae and summer-flowering Cichorieae; and visitors to Trifolieae and Loteae. Our findings suggest that both neutral and niche-based processes are significant contributors to the spatial distribution of plant-pollinator interactions so that conservation actions in our region should be directed towards areas: near high concentrations of known occurrences of regionally rare bees; in mild climatic conditions; and that are surrounded by heterogeneous landscapes. Given the observed niche-based differences, the proportion of functionally distinct plants in flower-mixes could be chosen to target bee species, or guilds, of conservation concern.</p>
Data from: Climatic disequilibrium of recruit communities across a drought-induced die-off gradient in Mediterranean shrubland
<p>Positive plant–plant interactions (facilitation) may enhance the recruitment and establishment of species less adapted to local macroclimatic conditions. A major cause of this effect is climatic buffering, which implies an increased mismatch between the macroclimatic conditions and the climatic requirements of the existing community – climatic disequilibrium – of plants living under canopies. Here we explore the effect of drought-induced defoliation of Mediterranean shrubland canopy on the recruitment of woody species. We analyzed the differences in the climatic disequilibrium across different categories of canopy defoliation and plant–plant interactions: facilitation, neutral and inhibition. Climatic disequilibrium was estimated as the Euclidean distance in the multivariate environmental space between observed macroclimate and community inferred climate. The inferred climate was calculated by averaging the coordinates of the species' climatic niche centroids, obtained from species distribution, weighted by the species' relative abundances in each community. We found that the recruiting community growing under canopy showed higher climatic disequilibrium than the community growing in the gaps. The facilitated recruiting community growing under dead and living canopy showed the highest disequilibrium, followed by the community growing under mid-affected canopy. The climatic disequilibrium of the recruiting communities experiencing neutral and inhibited interaction was not affected by canopy defoliation. These findings indicate that the climatic disequilibrium of the recruiting community is determined by the facilitation–competition balance. Living canopy provides climatic buffering, but it also implies competition, while dead canopy may provide some structural climatic buffering, without implying competition for resources. These results highlight the relevance of incorporating plant–plant interactions, particularly facilitation, to better forecast plant community responses to extreme climate events and climate change.</p>
Data for: Plasticity in mosquito size and thermal tolerance across a latitudinal climate gradient
<p>Variations in heat tolerance among populations can determine whether a species can cope with ongoing climate change. Such variation may be especially important for ectotherms whose body temperatures, and consequently, physiological processes, are regulated by external conditions. Additionally, differences in body size are often associated with latitudinal clines, thought to be driven by climate gradients. While studies have begun to explore variation in body size and heat tolerance within species, our understanding of these patterns across large spatial scales, particularly regarding the roles of plasticity and genetic differences, remains incomplete. Here, we examine body size, as measured by wing length, and thermal tolerance, as measured by the time to immobilization at high temperatures ("thermal knockdown"), in populations of the mosquito <em>Aedes sierrensis</em> collected from across a large latitudinal climate gradient spanning 1300 km (34-44 °N). We find that mosquitoes collected from lower latitudes and warmer climates were more tolerant of high temperatures than those collected from higher latitudes and colder climates. Moreover, body size increased with latitude and decreased with temperature, a pattern consistent with James' rule, which appears to be a result of plasticity rather than genetic variation. Our results suggest that warmer environments produce smaller and more thermally tolerant populations.</p>
Quasi-invariance of Tropical Meridional Surface Temperature Gradient in a Wide Range of Climates
<p>Data generated in the study "Quasi-invariance of Tropical Meridional Surface Temperature Gradient in a Wide Range of Climates" are archived here</p>
Data for: Local adaptation of seed and seedling traits along a natural aridity gradient may both predict and constrain adaptive responses to climate change
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Bumble bee niche overlap along an elevation gradient: How traits can inform novel competitive pressures under climate change
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Neutral processes related to regional bee commonness and dispersal distances are important predictors of plant-pollinator networks along gradients of climate and landscape conditions
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Predicting the breeding distribution of wader species across climatic and environmental gradients
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Trait functional diversity explains mixture effects on litter decomposition at the arid end of a climate gradient
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Data from: Climatic disequilibrium of recruit communities across a drought-induced die-off gradient in Mediterranean shrubland
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Semi‐quantitative metabarcoding reveals how climate shapes arthropod community assembly along elevation gradients on Hawaii Island
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Data for: Plasticity in mosquito size and thermal tolerance across a latitudinal climate gradient
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Four decades of climatic fluctuations and fish recruitment stability across a marine-freshwater gradient
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Soil DOC and moisture measurements along climate and black spruce productivity gradients in interior Alaska
Water-soluble organic carbon data extracted from organic and mineral soils along gradients in stand productivity and soil temperature throughout 2004. 200g of organic soil or 400g of mineral (5 cm) soil were used. Values should be corrected for oven dry moisture percent of soil (also included in data set). Nine soil cores were obtained randomly on a 20 x 20 m sampling grid at each site in May, June-July, and again in September 2004. Cores were parsed in the field into organic (Oi+Oe+Oa) and mineral soil (5 cm, A+B). All cores were immediately sealed in polyethylene bags and were kept on ice in an insulated cooler while being transported to laboratory refrigerators kept at approximately 4 degC. All organic soil samples were extracted for WSOC content within 24 hours, and mineral soils were extracted within 48 hours. Water-soluble organic C concentrations from subsets of mineral soils extracted 24 and 48 hours after collection did not significantly differ (p = 0.30, 5.3 mg C l-1). The method for extracting WSOC from the soil followed Huang and Schoenau (1996), which was modified from McGill et al. (1986). Briefly, field moist soil samples were homogenized on a tray and roots greater then 2 mm were removed. Then 20 g of organic soil or 40 g of mineral soil were gently shaken on a rotary table with 100 ml (n = 9 per horizon per date) of deionized water for 1 hour, filtered through a Whatman GF/A filter, and then passed through a Whatman 0.45 um membrane filter. Soil extracts were preserved at pH 2 using H3PO4 and refrigerated at 4 degC prior to analysis. Each field moist soil sample was subsampled to determine moisture content (gravimetrically) and WSOC was adjusted to an oven-dry basis. Bulk density and depth measurements for each soil horizon were used to relate mg WSOC kg oven dry soil-1 on an area basis at each site (g WSOC m-2). Three zero-tension lysimeters (85 x 19 cm) were installed perpendicular to slope at the organic-mineral soil interface at the end of the g
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.