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Topography drives microgeographic adaptations of closely-related species in two tropical tree species complexes
<p>Combining LiDAR-derived topography, tree inventories, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gene capture experiments, we explored genome-wide population genetic structure, covariation of environmental variables, and genotype-environment association to assess microgeographic adaptations to topography within the species complexes <em>Symphonia</em> (Clusiaceae), and <em>Eschweilera</em> (Lecythidaceae) with three species per complex and 385 and 257 individuals genotyped, respectively.</p>
Intraspecific variation in reproductive barriers between two closely-related Arabidopsis sister species
<p>Reproductive isolation (RI) is a critical component of speciation and varies strongly in timing and strength among different sister taxa, depending e.g.<em>,</em> on the geography of speciation and divergence time. However, these factors may also produce variation in timing and strength among populations within species. Here we tested for variation in the expression of RI among replicate population pairs between the sister taxa <em>Arabidopsis lyrata</em> subsp. <em>lyrata</em> and <em>A. arenicola</em>. While the former is predominantly outcrossing, the latter is predominantly selfing<em>.</em> We focused on intrinsic prezygotic and postzygotic RI as both species occur largely in allopatry. We assessed RI by performing within-population crosses and interspecific between-population crosses, and by raising offspring. RI was generally high between all interspecific population pairs, but it varied in timing and strength depending on population history. Prezygotic isolation was strongest between the closest-related population pair, while early postzygotic isolation was high for all other population pairs. Furthermore, the timing and strength of RI depended strongly on cross direction. Our study provides empirical support that reproductive barriers between species are highly variable among population pairs and asymmetric within population pairs, and this variation seems to follow patterns typically described across species pairs.</p>
Fig. 9 in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 9. Xiphinema simile Lamberti, Choleva et Agostinelli, 1983. Female: A-B, Anterior region; C, Ovarium with endosymbionts; D, Vagina and uteri with sperm; G, Vaginal region and part of the posterior genital branch; H-K, Vaginal region variation; M-O, Variation in tail shape; Male: E, Testis with sperm; F, Head end; L, Q, Spicules; P, Tail tip; R, Posterior end – copulatory muscles and midventral precloacal supplements. Scale bar: 20 µm.
Fig. 8 in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 8. Restriction fragments of amplified D1-D2 expansion domains of Xiphinema parasimile. A: Alu I, Av: Ava II, D: Dde I, N: Nde II, P: Pst I, R: Rsa I and M: 100bp ladder.
Fig. 6. Xiphinema parasimile. A-D in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 6. Xiphinema parasimile. A-D, Anterior region of first, second, third and forth juvenile stages; E, Female anterior end; F-I, Tail of first, second, third and forth juvenile stages; J, Female tail. Scale bar: A-J, 20 µm.
Fig. 3 in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 3. Variability of vulval region. A-C: Xiphinema parasimile, A1-A5: Vi; B1-B3: Or; C1-C3: paratypes; D-H: Xiphinema simile, D1-D5: KB; E1-E6: Or; F: Ka; G1-G3: SR; H: Kb. Scale bar: A-H=50 µm.
Fig. 4. Xiphinema parasimile. A-E in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 4. Xiphinema parasimile. A-E: Females. A, B: Anterior genital branch, Vi: C: Anterior genital branch, Or; D: Posterior genital branch, Or; E: Posterior genital branch, paratype; Xiphinema simile. F-K. Females. Posterior genital branches. F: Or; J: Ka; K: Ka; Anterior genital branches. G: Or; H: SR; I: KB; Scale bar: A-K=50 µm.
Fig. 2. Xiphinema parasimile. A, D, F, N, T in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 2. Xiphinema parasimile. A, D, F, N, T: Male. A: Anterior end; D: Pharyngeal bulb; F: Posterior end; N: Posterior testis; T: Habitus; I-K, P: Females. I: Anterior end, paratype specimen; J: Anterior end, Or; K: Anterior end, Vi; P: Pharyngeal bulb; Xiphinema simile; B, C, E, G, H, O, S: Males. B – Anterior end, SR; C: Anterior end, KB; E: Pharyngeal bulb, KB; G: Posterior end, KB; H: Posterior end, SR; O: Genital system, KB; S: Habitus; L, M, Q, R: Females. L: Anterior end, SR; M: Anterior end, KB; Q, R: Pharyngeal bulb, SR; R: Pharyngeal bulb, KB. Scale bars: A-R=50 µm; S, T=500 µm.
Fig. 5 in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 5. Variability of female tale shape in studied populations. A-C: Xiphinema parasimile, A1-A8: Vi; B1- B9: Or; C1-C3: paratypes; D-H: Xiphinema simile, D1-D5: SR; E1-E8: Or; F1-F2: Kb; G1: Ka; H1-H5: KB. Scale bar: A-H=50µm.
Fig. 10 in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 10. Xiphinema simile. Juveniles: A-C, Anterior region of first, second and third juvenile stages; D, Female anterior end; E-G, Tail of first, second and third juvenile stages; H, Female tail. I-L X. simile: I, Female anterior end, J, Vaginal region, K, L, Tail. Scale bar: 20 µm.
Fig. 7 in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 7. Scatter plot of odontostyle (■) and replacement odontostyle (□) against body length of Xiphinema parasimile juveniles and females from Vinogradets population.
Fig. 11 in On two closely related species of Xiphinema americanum-group: X. simile Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983 and X. parasimile Barsi & Lamberti, 2004 (Longidoridae), with a description of the male of X. parasimile
Fig. 11. Scatter plot of odontostyle (■) and replacement odontostyle (□) against body length of Xiphinema simile juveniles and females: A, Kalimok-Brashlen and B, Srebarna populations.
Fig. 12 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 12. Monepidosis shikokuensis sp. nov., Ƌ, holotype. A. Parameres and ejaculatory apodeme, ventral. B. Genitalia, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm.
Fig. 4 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 4. Antipodosis granvillensis gen. et sp. nov., Ƌ. A. Genitalia, ventral, holotype. B. Apex of ejaculatory apodeme, ventral, paratype. C. Parameres and ejaculatory apodeme, ventral, holotype. Scale lines:
Fig. 7 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 7. Antipodosis rotoiti gen. et sp. nov., Ƌ, holotype. A. Genitalia, ventral. B. Parameres and ejaculatory
Fig. 9 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 9. Antipodosis waipapa gen. et sp. nov., Ƌ, holotype. A. Genitalia, ventral. B. Parameres and ejaculatory apodeme, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm.
Fig. 6 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 6. Antipodosis rakiura gen. et sp. nov., Ƌ, holotype. A. Genitalia, ventral. B. Parameres and ejaculatory apodeme, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm.
Fig. 5 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 5. Antipodosis pureora gen. et sp. nov., Ƌ, holotype. A. Genitalia, ventral. B. Parameres and ejaculatory apodeme, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm.
Fig. 2 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 2. Antipodosis australis gen. et sp. nov., Ƌ, holotype. A. Genitalia, ventral. B. Parameres and ejaculatory apodeme, ventral. Scale lines: 0.05 mm.
Fig. 1 in New species of Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966 and Antipodosis gen. nov., a closely related genus from New Zealand (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)
Fig. 1. Male morphology of Antipodosis gen. nov. and Monepidosis Mamaev, 1966. A. Wing of A. granvillensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, setae omitted. B. Wing of M. shikokuensis sp. nov., holotype, setae omitted. C. Fourth flagellomere of A. rakiura gen. et sp. nov., holotype, lateral. D. Fourth flagellomere of M. scepteroides sp. nov., holotype, lateral. Scale lines: A–B = 0.50 mm, C–D = 0.05 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.