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34 results for “coat color”
DATASET: characterization of the seed coat extractable phenolic profile and color in 308 common bean lines of the Spanish Diversity Panel
<p>Characterizarion of the seed coat extractable phenolic profile and color in 308 common bean lines of the Spanish Diversity Panel</p>
Figure 2 in Multiple colors in anteaters: review and description of chromatic disorders in Tamandua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) with reports of new and rare coat colorations
Figure 2. Record of the two erythristic individuals in the same tree and without agonistic behavior. (A) individual 1 climbing the tree, (B, C) individuals 1 and 2 seeing each other, (D, E) individual 1 and 2 moving towards each other (photographs taken by Canopy Family staff).
Figure 3 in Multiple colors in anteaters: review and description of chromatic disorders in Tamandua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) with reports of new and rare coat colorations
Figure 3. Distribution of chromatic disorders in Tamandua in Central and South America. (A) record locations of all chromatic disorders, (B) albinism and leucism, (C) xanthochromism and partial xanthochromism, (D) melanism, partial melanism, "brown" and partial "brown", (E) erythrism.
Figure 1 in Multiple colors in anteaters: review and description of chromatic disorders in Tamandua (Xenarthra: Pilosa) with reports of new and rare coat colorations
Figure 1. Chromatic disorders in Tamandua: (A) Melanism (by javatru), (B) Partial melanism (by shrike2), (C) Xanthochromism (by pfaucher), (D) Partial xanthochromism (by kenchamberlain), (E) "Brown" variation (by chartuso), (F) Leucism (More et al. 2021), (G) Albinism (Ríos et al. 2019), (H) Erythrism (by Slifkin). A–F originally published on iNaturalist.
Data and code for: Disease outbreaks select for mate choice and coat color in wolves
<p><span>We know much about pathogen evolution and the emergence of new disease strains but less about host resistance and how it is signaled to other individuals and subsequently maintained. The cline in frequency of black-coated wolves across North America is hypothesized to result from a relationship with canine distemper virus (CDV) outbreaks. We test this hypothesis using cross-sectional data from wolf populations across North America that vary in the prevalence of CDV and the allele that makes coats black, longitudinal data from Yellowstone National Park, and modeling. The frequency of CDV outbreaks generates fluctuating selection that results in heterozygote advantage that in turn impacts the frequency of the black allele, the optimal mating behavior, and the black wolf cline across the continent.</span></p>
Data and code for: Disease outbreaks select for mate choice and coat color in wolves
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Transcriptomic regulation of seasonal coat color change in hares
<p>Color molts from summer brown to winter white coats have evolved in several species to maintain camouflage year-round in environments with seasonal snow. Despite the eco-evolutionary relevance of this key phenological adaptation, its molecular regulation has only recently begun to be addressed. Here, we analyze skin transcription changes during the autumn molt of the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and integrate the results with an established model of gene regulation across the spring molt of the closely related snowshoe hare (L. americanus). We quantified differences in gene expression among three stages of molt progression – "brown" (early molt), "intermediate" and "white" (late molt). We found 632 differentially expressed genes, with a major pulse of expression early in the molt, followed by a milder one in late molt. The functional makeup of differentially expressed genes anchored the sampled molt stages to the developmental timeline of the hair growth cycle, associating anagen to early molt and the transition to catagen to late molt. The progression of color change was characterized by differential expression of genes involved in pigmentation, circadian and behavioral regulation. We found significant overlap between differentially expressed genes across the seasonal molts of mountain and snowshoe hares, particularly at molt onset, suggesting conservatism of gene regulation across species and seasons. However, some discrepancies suggest seasonal differences in melanocyte differentiation and the integration of nutritional cues. Our established regulatory model of seasonal coat color molt provides an important mechanistic context to study the functional architecture and evolution of this crucial seasonal adaptation.</p>
Identification of genetic variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and AKC standard coat color in the Labrador Retriever
<p>Canine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common complex disease. Prevalence of ACL rupture is breed-dependent. In an epidemiological study, yellow coat color was associated with increased risk of ACL rupture in the Labrador Retriever. ACL rupture risk variants may be linked to coat color through genetic selection or through linkage with coat color genes. To investigate these associations, Labrador Retrievers were phenotyped as ACL rupture cases or controls and for coat color and were single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyped. After filtering, ~697K SNPs were analyzed using GEMMA and mvBIMBAM for multivariate association. Functional annotation clustering analysis with DAVID was performed on candidate genes. A large 8Mb region on chromosome 5 that included <em>ACSF3</em>, as well as 32 additional SNPs, met genome-wide significance at <em>P</em><6.07E-7 or Log<sub>10</sub>(BF) = 3.0 for GEMMA and mvBIMBAM, respectively. On chromosome 23, SNPs were located within or near <em>PCCB</em> and <em>MSL2</em>. On chromosome 30, a SNP was located within <em>IGDCC3</em>. SNPs associated with coat color were also located within <em>ADAM9</em>,<em> FAM109B</em>,<em> SULT1C4</em>,<em>RTDR1</em>,<em> BCR</em>, and <em>RGS7</em>. <em>DZIP1L</em> was associated with ACL rupture. Several significant SNPs on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 24, and 26 were located within uncharacterized regions or long non-coding RNA sequences. This study validates associations with the previous ACL rupture candidate genes <em>ACSF3</em> and <em>DZIP1L</em> and identifies novel candidate genes. These variants could act as targets for treatment or as factors in disease prediction modeling. The study highlighted the importance of regulatory SNPs in the disease, as several significant SNPs were located within non-coding regions.</p>
Genome-wide association studies identify candidate genes for coat color and mohair traits in the Iranian Markhoz goat
<p>Illumina Caprine 53K SNPchip genotypes of 228 Iranian goats used for coat color and mohair traits GWAS</p>
Data from: Rural selection drives the evolution of an urban-rural cline in coat color in gray squirrels
<div> <p><span>Phenotypic differences between urban and rural populations are well-documented, but the evolutionary processes driving trait variation along urbanization gradients are often unclear. We combined spatial data on abundance, trait variation, and measurements of fitness to understand cline structure and test for natural selection on heritable coat color morphs (melanic, gray) of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) along an urbanization gradient. Population surveys using remote cameras and visual counts at 76 sites along the urbanization gradient revealed a significant cline in melanism, decreasing from 48% in the city center to <5% in rural woodlands. Among 76 squirrels translocated to test for phenotypic selection, survival was lower for the melanic than gray morph in rural woodlands, whereas there was no difference in survival between color morphs in the city. These results suggest the urban-rural cline in melanism is explained by natural selection favoring the gray morph in rural woodlands combined with relaxed selection in the city. Our study illustrates how trait variation between urban and rural populations can emerge from selection primarily in rural populations rather than adaptation to novel features of the urban environment. </span>This reposotory contains a) occupancy data, point count data, and R code used to estimate the urban-rural cline in melanism, and b) radiotelemetry data and R code used to estimate differential survival between color morphs in urban and rural environments.</p> </div>
Data from: Winter coat color polymorphisms identify global hotspots for evolutionary rescue from climate change
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Data from: Rural selection drives the evolution of an urban-rural cline in coat color in gray squirrels
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Identification of genetic variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and AKC standard coat color in the Labrador Retriever
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Data from: Atypical winter coat coloration of snowshoe hares near the southern extent of their range
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Data from: Transcriptomic regulation of seasonal coat color change in hares
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Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. in Viverridae
Distribution. Angola, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zambia. Description. Head-body 46:5-47-8 cm (males), 44-45-5 cm (females), tail 40-43 cm (males), 38-39 cm (females), hindfoot 8:7-9-8 cm (males), 8-9 cm (females), ear 4-7-5-4 cm (males), 5-1-5-8 cm (females); weight 1-3-2 kg. The coat color is pale ocher, with brownish or grayish tones; melanistic individuals are quite common. The throat and chest are blackish, and the ventral pelage varies from creamy white to dirty white. The stripes and spots on the body vary from different hues of brown to black. The nuchal stripes run as two parallel lines from the nape to the shoulders, where they diverge and enlarge towards the elbows; they are not so conspicuously marked as in other genet species. Below them, a pair of thinner stripes and small spots are scattered on the shoulders and sides of the neck. A third pair of thinner, parallel stripes runs down the neck between the nuchal stripes, extending to about one fourth of the mid-dorsal line, where they vanish or diverge as the first row of flank spots. The black mid-dorsal line is continuous and is flanked on each side by four rows of oblong to squared spots, and by a few small-scattered spots below. There is a dorsal erectile crest. The face has a dark mask and a pair of white sub-ocular spots. The tail has seven to nine black rings, alternating with pale rings; the intervening white spaces are pigmented with a brownish tinge on the dorsal midline. The width of the pale rings relative to the dark rings in the middle of the tail is 50-75%; the tip of the tail is dark. The hindlimbs and forelimbs are black; there are white hairs on the metacarpals and metatarsals. [he posterior parts of the feet are dark. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla is not ventrally inflated and has a continuous curve line on the external side. The ratio between the inter-orbital constriction and frontal width is 1-00 + 0-12. Dental formula: 13/3, C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40.
Fig. 8. Proposed structures for 1 in Identification of iron-chelating phenolics contributing to seed coat coloration in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) expressing aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12
Fig. 8. Proposed structures for 1:1:1 complexes between genistin, iron, and galacturonic acid (left) or digalacturonic acid (right).
Fig. 5 in Identification of iron-chelating phenolics contributing to seed coat coloration in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) expressing aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12
Fig. 5. UHPLC separation of color-enriched seed coat extracts from event DAS-411Ø4-7 and non-transgenic control with UV absorbance detection at 272 nm. Red trace, DAS-411Ø4-7; blue trace, non-transgenic control. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 6 in Identification of iron-chelating phenolics contributing to seed coat coloration in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) expressing aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12
Fig. 6. LC-MS quantitation of genistin (brown) and genistein (blue) content of color-enriched seed coat fractions from event DAS-411Ø4-7 and non-transgenic control. Samples were either untreated in water, heated at 95 °C in water or heated at 95 °C in 2 N HCl. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Identification of iron-chelating phenolics contributing to seed coat coloration in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) expressing aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-12
Fig. 3. UV–visible absorption spectra of color-enriched fractions. (A) Absorbance spectra of 3 mg/mL color-enriched seed coat extracts (brown, event DAS-411Ø4-7; blue, non-transgenic control) dissolved in water (solid lines), or with the addition of 100 mM acetate (long dashes) or EDTA (short dashes). (B) Difference spectra of event DAS-411Ø4-7 (brown) and non-transgenic control (blue) samples dissolved in water or with 100 mM EDTA added. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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