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51 results for “colony structure”
Fig. 3 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 3. Relationship between local nest density (number of neighbouring nests within 6 metres) at the date of hatching and hatchling's survival rate (medians). Spearman rank correlation: r s = 0.382, n = 80, P <0.001
Fig. 2 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 2. Relationship between the date of nesting and the elapsed time from nesting to egg laying. Spearman rank correlation: r s = –0.695, n = 102, P <0.01
Fig. 1 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 1. Temporal distribution of nest building and egg laying. Bars represent the number of nests that were started to build (white) and number of nests in which the first egg was laid (grey) grouped into five-day periods. n = 20, mean±SD: 40.00±5.94 and 76.33±8.80 days, respectively
Fig. 4 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 4. Distance of the newly built nests from the centre of the colony, from the edge of the colony (metres) and number of neighbouring nests within 6 metres (medians, full circles) and those of the randomly selected points (medians, empty squares) at each sampling date. 100 random points were selected for each date, sample sizes of the observed nests are shown above the medians. In the marked (*) cases the values of the observed nests dif- fered significantly from the values of the ran- dom points (Mann-Whitney test, P <0.05)
Fig. 5 in Population structure of the soft tick Ornithodoros maritimus and its associated infectious agents within a colony of its seabird host Larus michahellis
Fig. 5. Spatial autocorrelation in the total tick number of counted nests, measured as Moran's I, across three distance classes: a, 1st visit; b, 2nd visit; c, 3rd visit; d, 4th visit; e, 5th visit; f, 6th visit. Circles indicate the autocorrelation coefficients. The same results were obtained with female count numbers.
Fig. 2 in Population structure of the soft tick Ornithodoros maritimus and its associated infectious agents within a colony of its seabird host Larus michahellis
Fig. 2. Histogram presenting the mean number of ticks observed in all nests over time. Bars represent mean standard errors of the total number of ticks.
Fig. 3 in Population structure of the soft tick Ornithodoros maritimus and its associated infectious agents within a colony of its seabird host Larus michahellis
Fig. 3. Boxplot representations of tick numbers in counted and collected nests over time: a, females only; b, males only; c, nymphs. The box shows the median as a line across the middle and the quartiles (25th and 75th percentiles) at either end. Extremities represent the minimal and maximal values and circles represent outliers.
Fig. 1 in Population structure of the soft tick Ornithodoros maritimus and its associated infectious agents within a colony of its seabird host Larus michahellis
Fig. 1. Map showing the position of the 30 tracked nests on Carteau Island, in the Camargue region of France (represented by the red point on the bottom right map). Orange points represent the 15 nests in which ticks were counted and released. The green points are those nests where all ticks were counted and collected. Stars within the points represent the nests in which ticks were used for the screening of infectious agents. Boxes indicate the number of ticks screened and the detected infectious agents: Ana: Anaplasma spp.; Bab: Babesia spp.; Bar: Bartonella spp.; Bor: Borrelia spp.; Cox: Coxiella-like symbiont; Fra: Francisella-like symbiont; Ri: Rickettsia helvetica; Ri-like: Rickettsia-like symbiont. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Population structure of the soft tick Ornithodoros maritimus and its associated infectious agents within a colony of its seabird host Larus michahellis
Fig. 4. Spatial autocorrelation in total tick number estimated by Moran's I (Sokal and Oden, 1978). Data are from the first visit in the colony and include nests of both treatments. Ten distance classes representing 10 m between marked nests have been defined. No index value was significantly different from zero. The same results were obtained using female count data only (results not shown).
Figure 1 in Daily activity rhythm of the African stingless bee Hypotrigona gribodoi (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in the dry season, with notes on nest structure and colony composition
Figure 1. Numbers of bees departing from the nest (black) and returning throughout daylight hours. Returning bees are separated into those without (white) and with (gray) loaded pollen baskets
Figure 1 in Mammals under a colony of great cormorants: population structure and body condition of yellow-necked mice
Figure 1. Location of Zones A–E in the colony of great cormorants near Juodkrantė, West Lithuania, 2011–2013.
Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm. in Conch Structures, Soft-Tissue Imprints And Taphonomy Of The Middle Ordovician Cephalopod Tragoceras Falcatum From Estonia
Text-fig. 1. Megastriae and post mortem epicoles on Tragoceras falcatum (SCHLOTHEIM, 1820). Arrows and M1–M3 indicate megastriae, bryozoan colonies are indicated by B1 and B2. a: GIT 819-1, left lateral view; b: body chamber of GIT 819-1, dorsal view; c: body chamber of GIT 819-1, left lateral view; d: GIT 819-1, right lateral view; e: PIMUZ 37299, right lateral view; f: detail of the body chamber of GIT 819-1, right lateral view, encrusted by bryozoans; g: bryozoan colony with Trypanites borings growing on an older bryozoan crust GIT 819-1. Specimens oriented with aperture downwards. Scale bars 10 mm.
Data from: Range-wide genetic analysis of an endangered bumble bee (Bombus affinis) reveals population structure, isolation by distance, and low colony abundance
<p>Declines in bumblebee species ranges and abundances are documented across multiple continents and have prompted the need for research to aid species recovery and conservation. The rusty patched bumblebee (<em>Bombus affinis</em>) is the first federally-listed bumblebee species in North America. We conducted a range-wide population genetics study of <em>B. affinis</em> from across all extant conservation units to inform conservation efforts. To understand the species' vulnerability and help establish recovery targets, we examined population structure, patterns of genetic diversity, and population differentiation. Additionally, we conducted site-level analysis of colony abundance to inform prioritizing areas for conservation, translocation, and other recovery actions. We find substantial evidence of population structuring along an east-to-west gradient. Putative populations show evidence of isolation by distance, high inbreeding coefficients, and a range wide male diploidy rate of ~15%. Our results suggest the Appalachians represents a genetically distinct cluster with high levels of private alleles and substantial differentiation from the rest of the extant range. Site-level analyses suggest low colony abundance estimates for <em>B. affinis</em> compared to similar datasets of stable, co-occurring species. These results lend genetic support to trends from observational studies suggesting B. affinis has undergone a recent decline and exhibits substantial spatial structure. The low colony abundances observed here suggest caution in overinterpreting the stability of populations even where <em>B. affinis</em> is reliably detected interannually. These results help delineate informed management units, provide context for the potential risks of translocation programs, and can help set clear recovery targets for this and other threatened bumblebee species.</p>
Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo
<p><span>Living in nests is an almost universal feature of eusocial animals. In some aphids, however, sterile soldier castes have evolved in open colonies without a nest. To clarify the factors promoting the evolution of eusociality in these colonies, we used newly developed microsatellite markers to compare the kin structure of the open colonies of two aphid species on bamboo: the non-eusocial colonies of <em>Astegopteryx bambucifoliae</em> and the eusocial colonies of <em>Pseudoregma alexanderi</em>on <em>Dendrocalamus latiflorus</em>. </span><br><br><span>Our samples, from over 1,000 hectares, contained 99 clones of <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> and 19 of <em>P. alexanderi</em>. Clonal mixing occurred in both species: average pairwise relatedness within a colony was 0.54 in <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> and 0.71 in <em>P. alexanderi</em>. Each clone of <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> occurred in a unique location, whereas those of <em>P. alexander</em>i occurred in multiple locations and more than 90% of individuals came from just four clones. There was significant genetic variation among different colonies in the same clu</span><span>mp (stem-cluster)</span><span> in <em>A. bambucifoliae</em> but not in <em>P. alexanderi</em>, indicating that <em>P. alexanderi</em> colonies in a</span><span> single</span><span> clump are genetically homogenized, functioning as a large colony. In <em>P. alexanderi</em>, the proportion of sterile soldiers to normal first-instar nymphs was significantly different across the four clones. </span><br><br><span>Our results indicate that the lack of input of migrants from the primary host and feeding on a large, stable host plant are important ecological factors that might favour the evolution of eusociality, enabling the production of genetically homogenised, large, and long-lived colonies. After eusociality evolves on the secondary host, the optimal strategy of soldier production might vary between different clones.</span></p>
Eusocial evolution without a nest: kin structure of social aphids forming open colonies on bamboo
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Data from: Range-wide genetic analysis of an endangered bumble bee (Bombus affinis) reveals population structure, isolation by distance, and low colony abundance
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Data from: Modularity and connectivity of nest structure scale with colony size
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Fine-scale genetic structure reflects limited and coordinated dispersal in the colonial monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus
<p>The genetic structure of animal populations has considerable behavioural, ecological and evolutionary implications and may arise from various demographic traits. Here, we use observational field data and molecular genetics to determine the genetic structure of an invasive population of monk parakeets, <i><span>Myiopsitta monachus</span></i>, at a range of spatial scales, and investigate the demographic processes that generate the observed structure. Monk parakeets construct large nests that can house several pairs occupying separate chambers; these nests are often aggregated within nesting trees. We determined patterns of relatedness within compound nests, within nesting trees and between trees. Spatial autocorrelation analyses of pairwise genetic relatedness revealed fine-scale genetic structure with relatives of both sexes spatially clustered within, but not beyond, nesting trees. In addition, males were more related to males sharing their compound nests than to other males occupying the same nesting tree. By contrast, males and females within compound nests were not significantly more closely related than elsewhere in the same tree, and we found no evidence for inbreeding. Adults showed high breeding site fidelity between years despite considerable disturbance of nest sites. Natal dispersal was female-biased, but dispersal distances were relatively short with some natal philopatry observed in both sexes. Sibling coalitions, typically of males, were observed amongst both philopatric and dispersing birds. Our results show significant clustering of kin within compound nests and nesting trees resulting from limited and coordinated natal dispersal, with subsequent breeding site fidelity. The resulting genetic structure has implications for social behaviour in this unusual parrot species.</p>
Data from: Non-nest mate discrimination and clonal colony structure in the parthenogenetic ant Cerapachys biroi
Understanding the interplay between cooperation and conflict in social groups is a major goal of biology. One important factor is genetic relatedness, and animal societies are usually composed of related but genetically different individuals, setting the stage for conflicts over reproductive allocation. Recently, however, it has been found that several ant species reproduce predominantly asexually. Although this can potentially give rise to clonal societies, in the few well-studied cases, colonies are often chimeric assemblies of different genotypes, due to worker drifting or colony fusion. In the ant Cerapachys biroi, queens are absent and all individuals reproduce via thelytokous parthenogenesis, making this species an ideal study system of asexual reproduction and its consequences for social dynamics. Here, we show that colonies in our study population on Okinawa, Japan, recognize and effectively discriminate against foreign workers, especially those from unrelated asexual lineages. In accord with this finding, colonies never contained more than a single asexual lineage and average pairwise genetic relatedness within colonies was extremely high (r = 0.99). This implies that the scope for social conflict in C. biroi is limited, with unusually high potential for cooperation and altruism.
Data from: Tick infestation of chicks in a seabird colony varies with local breeding synchrony, local nest density and habitat structure
Parasites are a major risk for group-living animals and seabirds are notoriously susceptible to ectoparasite infestations because they commonly nest in dense colonies. Ticks parasitize seabirds across all biogeographical regions and they can be particularly harmful to nestlings, but the ecological factors that affect their transmission to chicks are little studied and poorly understood. Here we show that abundance of tick larvae in blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) broods varies with local nest synchrony and density, and also with habitat structure: abundance increased with local breeding synchrony, was linearly and quadratically related to local nest density, and was highest toward the southern end of the study area which has suitable (boulder-rich) habitat for ticks. Also, with increasing chick age infestation first increased and then declined. The results of this study highlight how local physical and social environmental factors influence infestation of seabird nestlings by ticks.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.