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7 results for “complementary sex determination”
Mapping of multiple complementary sex determination loci in a parasitoid wasp
<p>Files required to reproduce the analysis from the manuscript "Mapping of Multiple Complementary Sex Determination Loci in a Parasitoid Wasp" published in Genome Biology and Evolution (doi: 10.1093/gbe/evz219). The code is hosted on the github repository CSD_lfabarum github repository (https://github.com/cmdoret/CSD_lfabarum.</p>
Data from: Population-level consequences of complementary sex determination in a solitary parasitoid
Background: Sex determination mechanisms are known to be evolutionarily labile but the factors driving transitions in sex determination mechanisms are poorly understood. All insects of the Hymenoptera are haplodiploid, with males normally developing from unfertilized haploid eggs. Under complementary sex determination (CSD), diploid males can be produced from fertilized eggs that are homozygous at the sex locus. Diploid males have near-zero fitness and thus represent a genetic load, which is especially severe under inbreeding. Here, we study mating structure and sex determination in the parasitoid Cotesia vestalis to investigate what may have driven the evolution of two complementary sex determination loci in this species. Results: We genotyped Cotesia vestalis females collected from eight fields in four townships in Western Taiwan. 98 SNP markers were developed by aligning Illumina sequence reads of pooled DNA of eight different females against a de novo assembled genome of C. vestalis. This proved to be an efficient method for this non-model species and provides a resource for future use in related species. We found significant genetic differentiation within the sampled population but variation could not be attributed to sampling locations by AMOVA. Non-random mating was detected, with 8.1% of matings between siblings. Diploid males, detected by flow cytometry, were produced at a rate of 1.4% among diploids. Conclusions: We think that the low rate of diploid male production is best explained by a CSD system with two independent sex loci, supporting laboratory findings on the same species. Fitness costs of diploid males in C. vestalis are high because diploid males can mate with females and produce infertile triploid offspring. This severe fitness cost of diploid males combined with non-random mating may have resulted in evolution from single locus CSD to CSD with two independent loci.
Data from: Complementary sex determination, inbreeding depression and inbreeding avoidance in a gregarious sawfly
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Data from: Population-level consequences of complementary sex determination in a solitary parasitoid
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Data from: Effects of inbreeding on a gregarious parasitoid wasp with complementary sex determination
Inbreeding and inbreeding depression are processes in small populations of particular interest for a range of human activities such as animal breeding, species conservation or pest management. In particular, biological control programs should benefit from a thorough understanding of the causes and consequences of inbreeding because natural enemies experience repetitive bottlenecks during importation, laboratory rearing, and introduction. Predicting the effect of inbreeding in Hymenopteran parasitoid wasps, frequently used in biological control programs, is nonetheless a difficult endeavor. In haplodiploid parasitoids, the purge of deleterious alleles via haploid males should reduce genetic load, but if these species also have complementary sex determination (CSD) abnormal diploid males will be produced, which may jeopardize the success of biological control introductions. <i>Mastrus ridens</i> is such a parasitoid wasp with CSD, introduced to control the codling moth, <i>Cydia pomonella</i> (L.). We studied its life history traits in the laboratory under two conditions: inbred (full sib) and outbred (non-sib) crosses, across five generations, in order to examine the consequences of inbreeding in this species. We found that in inbred lines non reproducing females live less, the number of daughters produced was lower, and that sex ratio (proportion of males) and proportion of diploid males were higher. Diploid males were able to produce fertile daughters, but fewer than haploid males. Lineage survival was similar for inbred and outbred lines across the five generations. The most significant decrease in fitness was thus a consequence of the production of diploid males, but this effect was not as extreme as in most other species with CSD, due to the fertility of diploid males. This study highlights the importance of determining the type of sex determination in parasitoid wasps used for biological control, and the importance of maintaining genetic diversity in species with CSD when importation or augmentation is the goal.
Data from: Effects of inbreeding on a gregarious parasitoid wasp with complementary sex determination
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Data from: Balancing selection maintains sex determining alleles in multiple-locus complementary sex determination
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