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151 results for “complex signal”
Reference data and analysis software for "Four-color single-molecule imaging with engineered tags resolves the molecular architecture of signaling complexes in the plasma membrane"
<p>Reference data set for the single molecule co-tracking analysis presented in "Four-color single-molecule imaging with engineered tags resolves the molecular architecture of signaling complexes in the plasma membrane". Corresponding author for further inquiries:</p> <p>Prof. Dr. Jacob Piehler</p> <p>University of Osnabrück, Department of Biology/Chemistry, Division of Biophysics, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany</p> <p>https://www.biophysik.uni-osnabrueck.de/</p>
Рис. 2. Варианты преΑсказанной Αоменной структуры патогенраспознающих моΛекуΛ гемоцитов моΛΛюсков Planorbarius corneus. a — фибриногенпоΑобные беΛки, b — гаΛектины, c — F-Λектины. УсΛовные обозначения и сокращения, зΑесь и ΑаΛее: горизонтаΛьные красные поΛоски — сигнаΛьный пептиΑ, горизонтаΛьные розовые — обΛасть низкой сΛожности, вертикаΛьные синие поΛоски — трансмембранная обΛасть, FBG — фибриногеновый Αомен, FTP — Αомен фукоΛектина, EGF — Αомен эпиΑермаΛьного фактора роста, EGF_CA — каΛьцийсвязывающий EGF-поΑобный Αомен, PAN_AP — APPLE-поΑобный Αомен, SCAN — обΛасть, богатая Λейцином, GLECT — гаΛактозосвязывающий Λектин, CLECT — Λектин C-типа, Gal-bind — гаΛактозиΑ–связывающий Λектин, ML — MD-2- поΑробный Αомен распознавания ΛипиΑов Fig. 2. Variants of the predicted domain structure of pattern recognition molecules from hemocytes of Planorbarius corneus molluscs. a — fibrinogen-related proteins, b — galectins, c — F-lectins. Symbols and abbreviations (here and further): horizontal red stripes — signal peptide, horizontal pink stripes — a low complexity region, vertical blue stripes — transmembrane region, FBG — fibrinogen-related domain, FTP — fucolectin domain, EGF — epidermal growth factor-like domain, EGF_CA — calcium-binding EGF-like domain, PAN_AP — APPLE-like domain, SCAN — leucine rich region, Apple — APPLE domain, GLECT — galactose-binding lectin, CLECT — C-type lectin, Gal-bind — galactoside-binding lectin, ML — MD-2-related lipid-recognition domain in Pathogen recognition molecules from hemocytes of Planorbarius corneus molluscs (Planorbidae, Pulmonata)
Рис. 2. Варианты преΑсказанной Αоменной структуры патогенраспознающих моΛекуΛ гемоцитов моΛΛюсков Planorbarius corneus. a — фибриногенпоΑобные беΛки, b — гаΛектины, c — F-Λектины. УсΛовные обозначения и сокращения, зΑесь и ΑаΛее: горизонтаΛьные красные поΛоски — сигнаΛьный пептиΑ, горизонтаΛьные розовые — обΛасть низкой сΛожности, вертикаΛьные синие поΛоски — трансмембранная обΛасть, FBG — фибриногеновый Αомен, FTP — Αомен фукоΛектина, EGF — Αомен эпиΑермаΛьного фактора роста, EGF_CA — каΛьцийсвязывающий EGF-поΑобный Αомен, PAN_AP — APPLE-поΑобный Αомен, SCAN — обΛасть, богатая Λейцином, GLECT — гаΛактозосвязывающий Λектин, CLECT — Λектин C-типа, Gal-bind — гаΛактозиΑ–связывающий Λектин, ML — MD-2- поΑробный Αомен распознавания ΛипиΑов Fig. 2. Variants of the predicted domain structure of pattern recognition molecules from hemocytes of Planorbarius corneus molluscs. a — fibrinogen-related proteins, b — galectins, c — F-lectins. Symbols and abbreviations (here and further): horizontal red stripes — signal peptide, horizontal pink stripes — a low complexity region, vertical blue stripes — transmembrane region, FBG — fibrinogen-related domain, FTP — fucolectin domain, EGF — epidermal growth factor-like domain, EGF_CA — calcium-binding EGF-like domain, PAN_AP — APPLE-like domain, SCAN — leucine rich region, Apple — APPLE domain, GLECT — galactose-binding lectin, CLECT — C-type lectin, Gal-bind — galactoside-binding lectin, ML — MD-2-related lipid-recognition domain
Realistic complex geoelectric model with topography, curved layers with the airborne electromagnetic (AEM) system positions and dBz/dt signals
<p>The uploaded files contain the description of the complex model that is used to provide some computational experiments.It is a realistic complex geoelectric model with topography, curved layers, 3-D objects of complex shape, and a fragment of a real observation system containing several thousand AEM system positions. The observation system file also includes dBz/dt values obtained in the measuring points.</p> <p>The model is described with several archieved text files which format is explained in the "readme.txt" file.</p>
Data from: The role of red coloration and song in peacock spiders: insights into complex signaling systems
Research on animal signaling enhances our understanding of links between sensory processing, decision-making, behavior, and evolution. Studies of sexually-selected signals may be particularly informative as mate choice provides access to decision patterns in the way that courtship leads to an easily observable behavioral output in choosers, i.e. mating. Male peacock spiders have some of the most elaborate and varied courtship displays known among animals. Particularly striking to human observers is the diversity of red, orange and yellow ornaments that males exhibit across the genus. The primary objective of our research was to investigate how these visual ornaments interact with vibratory songs to affect female mating behavior of one species, Maratus volans. Accordingly, we conducted mating trials under a series of experimentally manipulated vibratory and lighting conditions. Contrary to expectation, chromatic characteristics of longer wavelength ornaments are not driving female mate choice decisions, despite their extensive presence on male fans. Instead, our results suggest that contrast is important to females. Additionally, we found that vibratory signals were not necessary and did not increase mating rates. Our study demonstrates the intricacies inherent in complex signaling systems.
Data from: Multivariate phenotypic selection on a complex sexual signal
Animal signals are complex, comprising multiple components that receivers may use to inform their decisions. Components may carry information of differing value to receivers, and selection on one component could modulate or reverse selection on another, necessitating a multivariate approach to estimating selection gradients. However, surprisingly few empirical studies have estimated the strength of phenotypic selection on complex signals with appropriate design and adequate power to detect non-linear selection. We used phonotaxis assays to measure sexual selection on the advertisement signal of Cope's gray tree frog, Hyla chrysoscelis. Female preferences were assessed for five signal components using single-stimulus and two-stimulus behavioral assays. Linear, quadratic, and correlational selection gradients were estimated from the single-stimulus data. Significant directional selection is acting on call duration, call rate, pulse rate, and relative amplitude; stabilizing selection is acting on call duration and call rate. Under the two-stimulus paradigm, conclusions were qualitatively different, revealing non-linear selection on all components except call duration. For individual subjects, the outcomes of single-stimulus and two-stimulus trials were frequently discordant, suggesting that the choice of testing paradigm may affect conclusions drawn from experiments.
Embryo survival in the oviduct not significantly influenced by major histocompatibility complex social signaling in the horse
<p>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influences sexual selection in various vertebrates. Recently, MHC-linked social signaling was also shown to influence female fertility in horses (<i>Equus caballus</i>) diagnosed 17 days after fertilization. However, it remained unclear at which stage the pregnancy was terminated. Here we test if MHC-linked cryptic female choice in horses happens during the first days of pregnancy, i.e., until shortly after embryonic entrance into the uterus and before fixation in the endometrium. We exposed estrous mares to one of several unrelated stallions, instrumentally inseminated them with semen of another stallion, and flushed the uterus 8 days later to test for the presence of embryos. In total 68 embryos could be collected from 97 experimental trials. This success rate of 70.1% was significantly different from the mean pregnancy rate of 45.7% observed 17 days after fertilization using the same experimental protocol but without embryo flushing. Embryo recovery rate was not significantly dependent on whether the mares had been socially exposed to an MHC-dissimilar or an MHC-similar stallion. These observations suggest that MHC-linked maternal strategies affect embryo survival mainly (or only) during the time of fixation in the uterus.</p>
CB2 Receptor Signaling Complexes with Beta-Arrestin-2 and Gi Protein
<p>CB2 receptor signaling complexes with beta-arrestin-2 and Gi protein<br>Eun Ha Heo and Ravinder Abrol (CSUN)<br>11/27/2024 (Zenodo)</p> <p>System names as filename prefixes:</p> <p>CB2R-WT-NoPhosphoC_BARR2_*: wildtype CB2 receptor without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to beta-arrestin-2.<br> <br>CB2R-WT-NoPhosphoC_Gi-Empty_*: wildtype CB2 receptor without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to nucleotide-free Gi protein (no GDP).<br> <br>CB2R-WT-NoPhosphoC_Gi-GDP_*: wildtype CB2 receptor without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to Gi-GDP.<br> <br>CB2R-WT-PhosphoC_BARR2_*: wildtype CB2 receptor with a phosphorylated C-terminus bound to beta-arrestin-2. </p> <p>CB2R-Q63R-NoPhosphoC_BARR2_*: CB2 receptor mutant Q63R without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to beta-arrestin-2.</p> <p>CB2R-Q63R-NoPhosphoC_Gi-Empty_*: CB2 receptor mutant Q63R without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to nucleotide-free Gi protein (no GDP).</p> <p>CB2R-Q63R-NoPhosphoC_Gi-GDP_*: CB2 receptor mutant Q63R without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to Gi-GDP.</p> <p>CB2R-Q63R-PhosphoC_BARR2_*: CB2 receptor mutant Q63R with a phosphorylated C-terminus bound to beta-arrestin-2. </p> <p>CB2R-L133I-NoPhosphoC_BARR2_*: CB2 receptor mutant L133I without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to beta-arrestin-2.</p> <p>CB2R-L133I-NoPhosphoC_Gi-Empty_*: CB2 receptor mutant L133I without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to nucleotide-free Gi protein (no GDP). </p> <p>CB2R-L133I-NoPhosphoC_Gi-GDP_*: CB2 receptor mutant L133I without phosphorylated C-terminus bound to Gi-GDP. </p> <p>CB2R-L133I-PhosphoC_BARR2_*: CB2 receptor L133I mutant with a phosphorylated C-terminus bound to beta-arrestin-2. </p> <p><br>Different file types in following folders when uncompressed:</p> <p>Folder: PDB files for signaling complex starting and average structures<br>*_md.pdb: Solvated complex structures used as starting geometries.<br>*_avgframe#.pdb: PDB file of average frame given by #.</p> <p>Folder: MD simulation input files for Amber MD<br>*_md.inpcrd: input coordinates file for MD job<br>*_md.prmtop: parameter and topology file for MD job<br>Step1_mini_solv.in: mdin file for energy minimization of solvent keeping protein fixed.<br>Step2_equi_solv.in: mdin file for NPT equilibration of solvent while keeping protein fixed.<br>Step3_mini_full.in: mdin file for energy minimization of whole system.<br>Step4_heat_full.in: mdin file for heating system under NPT of whole system.<br>Step5_equi_full.in: mdin file for NPT equilibration of whole system.<br>Step6_prod_full.in: mdin file for 100ns production NPT equilibration of whole system. <br>Step7a_prod_full.in: mdin file for 500ns production NPT equilibration of whole system.<br>Step7b_prod_full.in: mdin file for 500ns production NPT equilibration of whole system.<br>Step7c_prod_full.in: mdin file for 500ns production NPT equilibration of whole system.<br>Step7d_prod_full.in: mdin file for 500ns production NPT equilibration of whole system.</p> <p>Folder: MD trajectories<br>*_step7_ai_stride100.xtc: Trajectory file in Gromacs xtc format.</p>
Identifying potential cues of species identity in complex animal signals
<p>Communication signals are often key for encoding information on species identity, but determining the features important in conveying those cues is challenging. This is especially the case when attempting to compare across closely related sympatric taxa, where the need for accurate species recognition is critical. We developed an analytical framework to comprehensively quantify the complex movement displays used by male lizards to advertise territory ownership in 11 taxa of Puerto Rican <em>Anolis</em>, many of which were sympatric. Our analyses were able to assign the majority of individuals to the correct population of a given species based on only a handful of displays, showing ample information exists in these displays for species recognition. Instances where lizards were misassigned appeared to have occurred because of similarities in display design resulting from local adaptation to similar environments or recent shared evolutionary history. Our analyses also revealed there was no common ('magic') display characteristic for recognition across the 11 taxa. Instead, lizards likely assess the entire display or a combination of different display cues. Taken together, we illustrate a powerful approach that offers a rigorous statistical and holistic evaluation of complex animal signals for elucidating features likely to be important in species recognition. We provide a guide for implementing this analytical framework in R, with associated code and worked examples. Information obtained from these analyses can then be used to design experiments testing the utility of identifying cues or comparative studies investigating how those cues contribute to reproductive isolation among populations and ultimately speciation.</p>
Data from: Increased signal complexity is associated with increased mating success
<p>The evolution of complex signaling has often been explored by testing multiple functional hypotheses that vary in their underlying assumptions about how independent signal components provide selective benefits to offset the costs of their production. In the present study, we take a different approach to exploring the function of complexity per se. We test the hypothesis that increased vibratory signal complexity – based on both proportional and temporal patterning - provides selective benefits to courting male <em>Schizocosa stridulans</em> wolf spiders. In support of this hypothesis, all of our quantified metrics of vibratory signal complexity predicted the copulation success of male <em>S. stridulans</em>. The rate of visual signaling, which is mechanistically tied to vibratory signal production, was also associated with mating success. We additionally found evidence that males can dynamically adjust the complexity of their signaling. Together, our results suggest that complexity per se may be a target of female choice.</p>
Data from: Why does the complexity of functionally equivalent signals vary across closely related species?
<p>Animal signals are observed to vary widely in complexity among species, but why this should be the case—especially among closely related taxa—is unclear. Identifying the selective forces that drive these differences is important for understanding signal evolution, as well as the origins of communication more generally. We used a measure derived from information theory to quantify the complexity of visual territorial advertisement displays performed by males of closely related taxa of Puerto Rican <em>Anolis </em>lizard. In general, the information potential of visual displays appeared to be high compared to signals of other taxonomic groups (e.g., other lizards, birds). Nevertheless, there was still considerable variation in signal complexity among the <em>Anolis </em>taxa studied. We found a strong relationship between signal complexity and phylogeny for some aspects of the advertisement display traditionally thought to be important in species recognition. Other aspects of the display tended to vary independently of phylogeny, with differences in signal complexity among taxa reflecting the distance over which displays were typically viewed by territorial neighbours, and to some extent the number of sympatric congeners present in the environment. More generally, we highlight a little used, but tractable means of quantifying complexity in different species—and in different aspects of the same signal (the number, timing and type of components)—that can reveal the evolutionary processes generating increases (or decreases) in communicative complexity.</p>
Data for: Sensory biases in response to novel complex acoustic signals in male and female gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis
<p>The sensory bias hypothesis proposes that female preferences for male sexual signaling traits evolved in contexts other than mating. Individuals of both sexes may experience similar selection pressures in these contexts, thus males may have similar biases to females for variation in signal traits. We tested this prediction in the gray treefrog, <em>Hyla chrysoscelis</em>, in which males produce simple advertisement calls, but females are more attracted to certain novel complex stimuli. We recorded males' responses to playbacks of both simple advertisement calls and complex calls consisting of the advertisement call with an acoustic appendage (filtered noise, or heterospecific call pulses) either leading or following the call. We tested females' preferences for the same stimuli in phonotaxis tests. We found evidence for a sensory bias in both sexes: males gave more aggressive calls in response to complex stimuli and females sometimes preferred complex over simple calls. These biases were not universal and depended on both temporal order and appendage characteristics, but how these effects manifested differed between the sexes. Ultimately, our approach of studying biases of both sexes in response to novel mating signals will shed light on the origin of mating preferences, and the mechanisms by which sensory biases operate.</p>
AAA+ ATPase Thorase Inhibits mTOR Signaling Through the Disassembly of the mTOR Complex 1
<p>The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals through the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and the mTOR complex 2 to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis. Failure to finely tune mTOR activity results in metabolic dysregulation and disease. While there is substantial understanding of the molecular events leading mTORC1 activation at the lysosome, remarkably little is known about what terminates mTORC1 signaling. Here, we show that the AAA+ ATPase Thorase directly binds mTOR, thereby orchestrating the disassembly and inactivation of mTORC1. Thorase disrupts the association of mTOR to Raptor at the mitochondria-lysosome interface and this action is sensitive to amino acids. Lack of Thorase causes accumulation of mTOR-Raptor complexes and altered mTORC1 disassembly/re-assembly dynamics upon changes in amino acid availability. The resulting excessive mTORC1 can be counteracted with rapamycin <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Collectively, we reveal Thorase as a key component of the mTOR pathway that disassembles and thus inhibits mTORC1.</p>
Binaural detection thresholds and audio quality of speech and music signals in complex acoustic environments
<p>Every-day acoustical environments are often complex, typically comprising one attended target sound in the presence of interfering sounds (e.g., disturbing conversations) and reverberation. Here we assessed binaural detection thresholds and (supra-threshold) binaural audio quality ratings of four distortions types: spectral ripples, non-linear saturation, intensity and spatial modifications applied to speech, guitar, and noise targets in such complex acoustic environments (CAEs). The target and (up to) two masker sounds were either co-located as if contained in a common audio stream, or were spatially separated as if originating from different sound sources. The amount of reverberation was systematically varied. Masker and reverberation had a significant effect on the distortion-detection thresholds of speech signals. Quality ratings were affected by reverberation, whereas the effect of maskers depended on the distortion. The results suggest that detection thresholds and quality ratings for distorted speech in anechoic conditions are also valid for rooms with mild reverberation, but not for moderate reverberation. Furthermore, for spectral ripples, a significant relationship between the listeners’ individual detection thresholds and quality ratings was found. The current results provide baseline data for detection thresholds and audio quality ratings of different distortions of a target sound in CAEs, supporting the future development of binaural auditory models.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary loss of complexity in animal signals: cause and consequence
<p>We identified hypotheses for the cause and consequences of the loss of complexity in animal signals and tested these using a genus of visually communicating lizards, the South-east Asian Draco lizards. Males of some species have lost the headbob component from their display, which is otherwise central to the communication of this genus. These males instead display a large, colourful dewlap to defend territories and attract mates. This dewlap initially evolved to augment the headbob component of the display, but has become the exclusive system of communication. We tested whether the loss of headbobs was caused by relaxed selection, habitat-dependent constraints, or size-specific energetic constraints on display movement. We then examined whether the consequences of this loss have been mitigated by increased signalling effort or complexity in the colour of the dewlap. It appears the increased cost of display movement resulting from the evolution of large body size might have contributed to the loss of headbobs and has been somewhat compensated for by the evolution of greater complexity in dewlap colour. However, this evolutionary shift is unlikely to have maintained the complexity previously present in the communication system, resulting in an apparent detrimental loss of information potential.</p>
Data from: Exploring the hidden landscape of female preferences for complex signals
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AAA+ ATPase Thorase Inhibits mTOR Signaling Through the Disassembly of the mTOR Complex 1
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Data from: The role of red coloration and song in peacock spiders: insights into complex signaling systems
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Data from: Evolutionary loss of complexity in animal signals: cause and consequence
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Coastal carbon sentinels: A decade of forest change along the eastern shore of the US signals complex climate change dynamics
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Complex choice environments shelter unattractive signallers from sexual selection
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.