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95 results for “contests”
GEOLAB Blind Prediction Contest - Supporting Documentation
<p>As part of the <a href="https://project-geolab.eu/">GEOLAB project</a>, the Institute of Geotechnics of TU Darmstadt called geotechnical engineers from industry and academia to participate in an international Blind Prediction Contest (BPC) on the response of piles under monotonic and cyclic lateral loading. Two separate tests were performed on a hollow open-ended steel pile embedded in dry sand. One test under monotonic loading and the other under quasi-static harmonic loading with more than 10,000 loading cycles.</p> <p>Contestant teams were allowed to submit predictions for both tests or for the monotonic test only. The predictions were objectively marked based on their discrepancy with the experimental values. The teams with the higher score in the prediction of each test were publicly announced. The rest of the submitted predictions will be anonymised and used for assessing the state of the art and the state of practice by the organiser committee.</p> <p>This dataset includes the supporting documentation provided to the participants. </p>
Methodological Appendix for FEUTURE Online Paper No. 28 "Narratives of a Contested Relationship: Unravelling the Debates in the EU and Turkey"
<p>This is the methodological appendix for the narrative analysis conducted by the researchers from the University of Cologne (UzK) and Middle East Technical University (METU) within the scope of the ongoing research project, which is entitled “The Future of EU-Turkey Relations: Mapping Dynamics and Testing Scenarios” (FEUTURE) and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. The appendix is designed to provide comprehensive information on the operationalization of the qualitative research that was carried out for the FEUTURE Online Paper No. 28 “Narratives of a Contested Relationship: Unravelling the Debates in the EU and Turkey” published in February 2019.</p> <p>The following sections present details on the selected actors, data sampling and collection, codebook and variables, and overall time span of the research.</p>
EnergyPROSPECTS Energy Citizenship Factsheet Series, Part 9: Aspects of ENCI V.: Contesting the current system
<p>This document is Part 9 of the EnergyPROSPECTS Factsheet Series. We have created the Series to publish the results of a mapping of energy citizenship in Europe, along with the first stage of our analysis of the respective data. The EnergyPROSPECTS consortium mapped 596 cases of energy citizenship (ENCI) between November 2020 and May 2021 using desk research, collecting data on many aspects of the cases. Although the analysis is a work in progress, we believe it is important to share our data and, through doing this, contribute to the understanding of energy citizenship in Europe.</p> <p>EnergyPROSPECTS (PROactive Strategies and Policies for Energy Citizenship Transformation), a H2020 project between 2021-2024, works with a critical understanding of energy citizenship that is grounded in state-of-the-art social sciences and humanities (SSH) insights.</p>
Vibrating aggression: Spider males perform an unusual assessment strategy during contest displays
<p>A recurrent question in animal contests is whether individuals adopt a self or mutual assessment rule to decide to withdraw from a contest. However, many empirical studies fail to find conclusive support for one of these two possibilities. A possible explanation is that assessment strategies vary between individuals. In the contests of the orb-web spider <em>Trichonephila clavipes</em>, males perform a vibrational display on webs that may escalate to physical contact. Since all individuals perform the vibrational phase and only some of them escalate, we proposed two hypotheses: 1) all individuals perform mutual assessment during the vibrational phase, or 2) some individuals that do not escalate adopt self-assessment, while individuals that escalated adopt mutual assessment. To evaluate these hypotheses, we investigated the relationship between the duration of the vibrational phase and frontal leg length (a proxy of male fight capacity) of loser and winner males in contests that escalated and did not escalate to the physical contact phase. We found a non-significant relationship between duration and losers leg length for both contests that escalate and did not escalate. While we found a positive relationship between duration and winners leg length, particularly in contests that did not escalate. These results do not provide support for mutual assessment or for a mix of different assessment rules among individuals. We suggest that in <em>T. clavipes</em>, the dynamics of the vibrational phase may be explained by two different contest strategies (opponent-only assessment or size-based aggressiveness) that are dependent on intruder motivation to escalate.</p>
Datasets and R code for: Brood as booty: The effect of colony size and resource value in social insect contests
<p><strong>From the Manuscript: </strong>Animals engage in contests for access to resources like food, mates, and space. Intergroup contests between groups of organisms have received little attention, and it remains unresolved what information groups might use collectively to make contest decisions. We staged whole-colony contests using ant colonies (<em>Temnothorax rugatulus</em>), which perceive conspecific colonies as both a threat and resource from which to steal brood. We recorded individual behaviors and used demographic characteristics as proxies for resource value (number of brood items) and fighting ability (number of workers). We found that ants altered their fighting effort depending on the relative number of workers of their opponent. While the proximate mechanism for this ability remains uncertain, we found that colonies increased fighting when their opponent had relatively more brood, but not if opposing colonies had relatively many more workers. This suggests that ant colonies can use information about opposing colonies that shapes contest strategies. Further, the behavior of opposing colonies were strongly correlated with each other despite colony size differences ranging from 4-51%, consistent with the hypothesis that colonies can use opponent information. The behavior of a distributed, collective system of many individuals, like a eusocial insect colony, thus fits several predictions of contest models designed for individuals if we consider the gain and loss of worker ants analogous to energetic costs accrued during typical dyadic contests.</p>
Weapon performance and contest assessment strategies of the cavitating snaps in snapping shrimp
<p class="MsoNormal">Animals compete in contests over limited resources. Contestants forfeit once they ascertain that their opponent has greater resource holding potential (RHP) (mutual assessment) or once they reach a threshold of costs (self assessment). Functional scaling studies of contest behavior performance can inform how assessment signals, offensive capacity, and endurance scale with RHP and thereby elucidate the mechanisms through which each of these assessment types operate. Here, we performed behavioral contest analyses to determine the assessment strategies used in snapping shrimp (<em>Alpheus heterochaelis</em>) contests. Then, we used biomechanical measurements of a common contest behavior to inform how assessment might operate. We were specifically interested in the snapping behavior during which snapping shrimp fire imploding cavitation bubbles – hereafter, "snaps" – at their opponents. We showed that <em>A. heterochaelis</em> use mutual assessment early in contests. Then, when they fire snaps, they switch to cumulative assessment – a type of self assessment where contestants endure costs from their own behaviors (e.g. energy) and their opponent's (e.g. injury). Because larger individuals tend to win contests, we then tested how the maximum performance and endurance of snaps scaled with size. We measured the average angular velocity of the snapping dactyl, cavitation bubble duration, and pressure of snaps as metrics of performance. We measured 10 snaps per individual (n = 76 individuals). From this series of 10 snaps, we calculated the maximum of each metric as the maximum performance and the attrition of each metric over the course of ten snaps as a measure of endurance. Maximum performance increased with size, but endurance did not. This suggests that cumulative assessment in snapping shrimp is driven by opponent-imposed costs. Our results are not consistent with self-assessment based on endurance; however, the experiment could not fully replicate the quick succession of snaps fired in real contests. Future experiments should better replicate the rapid firing of snaps to test if endurance matters in a more ecologically relevant context. Our framework of integrating biomechanics and behavioral ecology provide a pathway to identify precise mechanisms of contest assessment and animal behavior more broadly.</p>
Datasets and R code for: Brood as booty: The effect of colony size and resource value in social insect contests
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Vibrating aggression: Spider males perform an unusual assessment strategy during contest displays
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Weapon performance and contest assessment strategies of the cavitating snaps in snapping shrimp
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset on infrastructural contestation in Greece (2008-2017)
<p>The recent financial crisis has disturbed the smooth operation of infrastructural systems and hence challenged their role as guarantors of the social contract between citizens and the state. The “infrastructural gap” caused by the financial crisis, the ongoing urban expansion around the globe and the technological changes has turned infrastructures into a contested public domain. The extreme austerity measures and cutbacks in public infrastructure and the subsequent political delegitimizing that occurred in Greece exemplify this phenomenon. Our dataset concerns the mapping of events of socio-political contestation on the various types of infrastructure that occurred in Greece between 2008 – 2017.</p> <p>The data have been collected in the context of the infra-demos project who studies the relationship between infrastructure change, citizens’ participation and socio-technical innovation. The list of our sources include datasets from previous ethnographic and social research, national and local media outlets, social movements’ communication platforms and social media. Our dataset is composed by four sectors: a. a chronological indicator of the date of each event and its duration, b. the kind of socio-political action, c. the type of infrastructure and d. the type of infrastructural contestation.</p> <p> </p> <p>Infra-demos is funded by an NWO Vidi Innovational Research Incentives Scheme (project no 452- 17-015) hosted in the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Social Sciences and held by Prof. Dimitris Dalakoglou. </p>
Data from: Asymmetries affecting aggressive contests between solitary parasitoids: the effect of host species
<p>Conflicts in animals are usually resolved based on asymmetries, where contest winners are often those that value a resource the most and/or those who have the greatest potential to retain it. In parasitoid wasps, contests between females determine which individual exploits hosts for offspring production. Previous studies on solitary parasitoids rarely considered the role of biotic factors generating phenotypic variation that could influence the strength of asymmetries. Some parasitoid species parasitize host species of various sizes, producing offspring that vary considerably in size and potentially fighting ability. In this study, we reared the egg endoparasitoid Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on two host species to measure the effect of body size on contest resolution and how it interacts with ownership and resource value asymmetries. Our results showed that ownership status best predicts final contest outcome when similar sized wasps fight over hosts. The frequency and outcomes of individual fights structuring contests were better explained by the difference in the number of eggs laid in the hosts by each female at a given time. When contestants varied in body size, larger intruders frequently dislodged small owners regardless of ownership and resource value asymmetries. These results imply that body size is an important factor to consider in solitary parasitoid contests and that it can overshadow the effects of other asymmetries. Our study suggests that host community diversity could have a direct effect on parasitoid contests and that biotic communities, through their effects on animal phenotypes, may play an underrated role in contest resolution.</p>
Spatial mapping of root systems reveals diverse strategies of soil exploration and resource contest in grassland plants
<p>1. When foraging and competing for belowground resources, plants have to coordinate the behaviour of thousands of root tips in a manner similar to that of eusocial animal colonies. While well described in animals, we know little about the spatial behaviour of plants, particularly at the level of individual roots.</p> <p>2. Here, we employed statistical methods previously used to describe animal ranging behaviour to examine root system overlap and the efficiency of root positioning in eight grassland species grown in monocultures and mixtures along a gradient of neighbour densities.</p> <p>3. Species varied widely in their ability to distribute roots efficiently, with the majority of species showing significant root aggregation at very fine spatial scales. Extensive root system overlap was observed in species mixtures, indicating a lack of territoriality at the level of whole root systems. However, with increasing density of competitors, several species withdrew roots from the periphery of foraging ranges and increased intraplant root aggregation in the remaining area, which may indicate consolidation of foraging areas under competitive pressure.</p> <p>4. Several species exhibited responses consistent with resource contest in species mixtures where encounters with competitors' roots triggered increased root aggregation at the expense of foraging efficiency. Such responses only occurred in mixtures of species with comparable competitive abilities but were absent in asymmetric species combinations.</p> <p>5. Synthesis. Combining fine-scale measurement of plant root distributions with spatial statistics yields new insights into plant behavioural strategies with significant potential to impact resource foraging efficiency and productivity.</p>
Data from: Context-dependent scaling of kinematics and energetics during contests and feeding in mantis shrimp
Measurements of energy use, and its scaling with size, are critical to understanding how organisms accomplish myriad tasks. For example, energy budgets are central to game theory models of assessment during contests and underlie patterns of feeding behavior. Clear tests connecting energy to behavioral theory require measurements of the energy use of single individuals for particular behaviors. Many species of mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda: Crustacea) use elastic energy storage to power high-speed strikes that they deliver to opponents during territorial contests and to hard-shelled prey while feeding. We compared the scaling of strike kinematics and energetics between feeding and contests in the mantis shrimp Neogonodactylus bredini. We filmed strikes with high-speed video, measured strike velocity, and used a mathematical model to calculate strike energy. During contests, strike velocity did not scale with body size but strike energy scaled positively with size. Conversely, while feeding, strike velocity decreased with increasing size and strike energy did not vary according to body size. Individuals most likely achieved this strike variation through differential compression of their exoskeletal spring prior to the strike. Post-hoc analyses found that N. bredini used greater velocity and energy when striking larger opponents, yet variation in prey size was not accompanied by varying strike velocity or energetics. Our estimates of energetics inform prior tests of contest and feeding behavior in this species. More broadly, our findings elucidate the role behavioral context plays in measurements of animal performance.
Spitfire - Sketchfab Aircraft Painting Contest
 When I was collecting reference photos about **Spitfire**, I came across some interesting stories. It concerns the ***PA944*** crash, and ***people*** associated with this event - It inspired me, If you feel like you want to know more, I invite you to watch this short film here - https://youtu.be/ie3SrjLlcUY , or check the [American Museum](http://www.americanairmuseum.com/media/7505) Based on "[Aircraft Painting Contest – Base](https://sketchfab.com/models/e1b4d01dbd7c42bb95c5a0f922747ac2)" by [Renafox](https://sketchfab.com/kryik1023), licensed under CC Attribution-ShareAlike. Audio: Soud Effect cue thanks to [Audio Production](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUo5LBOP7c4&t=9s) Workflow: * No changes to the model, scene. * 4k pbr material based on delivered Normals and AO Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
SI Movies for "Dynamics of dominance: maneuvers, contests, and assessment in the posture-scale movements of interacting zebrafish"
<p>This is a repository of the Supplementary Movies from the paper "Dynamics of dominance: maneuvers, contests, and assessment in the posture-scale movements of interacting zebrafish".</p><h3>SM1</h3><p><br>This movie is a visualization of the tracking pipeline output, namely the 3D bodypoint positions of the two zebrafish over time. In this animation, we show the 3D locations of the head (circle), pec (square) and tail (cross) bodypoints of the winner (red) and loser (blue) throughout an entire experiment, the same experiment shown in Fig3(A) of the paper. The movie is downsampled from the 100fps recordings to 25fps to reduce file size. (1hr 23min 29sec)</p><h3>Notes on SM2-6</h3><p>In these movies we show two panels. The left panel shows an animation of the contestant 3D bodypoint positions. The right panel shows the XZ camera view of the tank with the XZ image coordinates of bodypoints drawn over the fish. The movies run at 100fps and are all 2 minutes long. The movies are each centered at a different time during the FishTank20200130_153857 recording, with one minute before, and one minute after, the chosen centered point.</p><h3>SM2</h3><p>This video is centred at the frame identified as the start of the first fight bout.</p><h3>SM3</h3><p>This video is centered at the frame identified as the middle of the first fight bout.</p><h3>SM4</h3><p>This video is centered at the frame identified as the end of the first fight bout.</p><h3>SM5</h3><p>This video is centered at the frame identified as the start of the second fight bout.</p><h3>SM6</h3><p>This video is centered at the frame identified as the end of the second fight bout.</p>
Dataset of Emotional intelligence and mood in the beauty contest game
<p>This site provides access to the dataset in the article "Emotional Intelligence and Mood in the Beauty Contest Game: An Experimental Study." The study explores emotional intelligence and mood's impact on strategic decision-making within the Beauty Contest Game framework. Results offer compelling evidence of their influence on strategic guessing and reasoning depth. The dataset includes responses from 96 participants, assessing emotional intelligence, mood categories, and strategic decision details. This resource is crucial for understanding and validating study findings, shedding light on decision-making dynamics and implications for psychology, economics, and organizational behavior. The dataset's availability encourages further research on emotions in decision-making, serving as a foundation for exploring the interrelationship between emotional intelligence, mood, and strategic behavior.</p>
WBCA - 2020 High School Visual Arts Contest
**White Bear Center for the Arts - 2020 High School Visual Arts Contest** will be shown virtually. Click this [link](https://whitebeararts.org/hsvac-2020/) for the gallery of 100 2D & 3D selected works, representing six regional high schools. New this year, WBCA worked with the students to include artist statements alongside professionally edited images. (A virtual gallery I made in Unreal Engine 4 for an easy view for those who don't want to install the game app. -Mike Peterson) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Glycerol suppresses glucose consumption in trypanosomes through metabolic contest
<p>The file contains all the source data presented in the manuscript:</p> <p>Allmann S., M. Wargnies, E. Cahoreau, M. Biran, N. Plazolles, P. Morand, E. Pineda, H. Kulyk-Babier, C. Asencio, O. Villafraz, L. Rivière, E. Tetaud, B. Rotureau, A. Mourier, J.-C. Portais, & F. Bringaud (<strong>2021</strong>) Glycerol suppresses glucose consumption in Trypanosomes through metabolic contest. <strong><em>PLoS</em></strong> <strong><em>Biol</em></strong>.</p>
Data for: The effect of brief or prolonged bouts of winning or losing male-male contests on plasticity in sexually selected traits
<p>Fight outcomes often affect male fitness by determining their access to mates. Thus 'winner-loser' effects, where winners often win their next contest, while losers tend to lose, can influence how males allocate resources towards pre- and post-copulatory traits. We experimentally manipulated the winning/losing experiences of pairs of size-matched male <em>Gambusia holbrooki</em> for either a day, a week or three weeks to test whether prior winning/losing experiences differentially affect the plasticity of male investment into either mating effort (pre-copulatory) or ejaculates (post-copulatory). When winner/loser pairs directly competed for a female, winners had better pre-copulatory outcomes than losers for three of the four traits we measured: mating attempts, successful attempts, and time spent with the female (but not aggression). However, winners and losers did not differ in either their total sperm counts nor sperm velocity. Interestingly, absolute male size, an important predictor of fighting success, mediated winner-loser effects on how long males then spent near a female. Compared to losers, smaller winners spent more time with the female than did larger winners, suggesting that how males respond to prior social experiences is size-dependent. We discuss the general importance of controlling for inherent male condition when comparing male investment into condition-dependent traits.</p>
Extracting interaction potentials from trajectories: code and a set of 30 simulated contest trajectories
<p>Dataset and code provided as supporting materials for the manuscript "Modeling animal contests based on spatio-temporal dynamics". See the Supporting Information of the manuscript for detailed instructions of use.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.