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59 results for “crocodilian”
Phylogenetic and Spatial Distribution of Evolutionary Isolation and Threat in Turtles and Crocodilians (Non-Avian Archosauromorphs)
The origin of turtles and crocodiles and their easily recognized body forms dates to the Triassic. Despite their long-term success, extant species diversity is low, and endangerment is extremely high compared to other terrestrial vertebrate groups, with ~ 65% of ~25 crocodilian and ~360 turtle species now threatened by exploitation and habitat loss. Here, we combine available molecular and morphological evidence with machine learning algorithms to present a phylogenetically-informed, comprehensive assessment of diversification, threat status, and evolutionary distinctiveness of all extant species. In contrast to other terrestrial vertebrates and their own diversity in the fossil record, extant turtles and crocodilians have not experienced any mass extinctions or shifts in diversification rate, or any significant jumps in rates of body-size evolution over time. We predict threat for 114 as-yet unassessed or data-deficient species and identify a concentration of threatened crocodile and turtle species in South and Southeast Asia, western Africa, and the eastern Amazon. We find that unlike other terrestrial vertebrate groups, extinction risk increases with evolutionary distinctiveness: a disproportionate amount of phylogenetic diversity is concentrated in evolutionarily isolated, at-risk taxa, particularly those with small geographic ranges. Our findings highlight the important role of geographic determinants of extinction risk, particularly those resulting from anthropogenic habitat-disturbance, which affect species across body sizes and ecologies.
Monaural and binaural sound localization cues in crocodilians
<p>This dataset is composed by all the recorded microphonic signals necessary for the computation of external sound localization cues: HRTFs (Head-Related Transfer Functions), Interaural Level Differences (ILD) and Interaural Time Differences (ITD) on awake crocodilians (<em>Crocodylus niloticus</em> and <em>Caiman latirostris</em>) and skulls(<em>Crocodylus niloticus</em>).</p> <p>The Matlab scripts necessary to compute and display HRTF, ILD and ITD are included as well as instructions in txt and pdf files.</p>
Fig. 3 in In quest of the Pteraichnus trackmaker: Comparisons to modern crocodilians
Fig. 3. Plaster molds of pes and manus tracks of modern crocodilians (A–F) and Pteraichnus stokesi Lockley, Logue, Moratalla, Hunt, Schultz, and Robinson, 1995 (G). Direction of the movement is leftward for (F) and upward for the others. A, B. Tracks of Paleosuchus trigonatus Schneider, 1801. The pes track preserves imprints of all four digits, whereas the manus track shows only the imprints of digits I to III. C. Track of Tomistoma schlegelii Müller, 1838. Only claw marks are pressed for the digits III and IV of the pes. Imprints of digit IV and V of the manus show rotational movement and are hard to distinguish from each other. Claw drag marks are seen anterior to the tracks. D, E. Tracks of Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801. D. The pes track shows a sliding imprint and it overprinted on the manus track, although the general anatomy of the pes and manus are well preserved. Relatively deep claw and metapodial phalangeal pad imprints can be recognized as a convex part of the mold. E. Shallow imprint of pes digit IV compared to other digit imprints and the rotary motion of manus digit V can be seen. F. Track of running Paleosuchus trigonatus Schneider, 1801. The kinematics of trackmaker disrupts shape of tracks. The manus track reflects its anatomical configuration. In contrast, digit imprint number can be counted from the pes track but its general anatomical features are not preserved. G. Pes and manus sets of Pteraichnus stokesi from the Middle Jurassic Sundance Formation of Wyoming, USA. The photographs are taken from Bennett (1997) with the permission of the author. Scale bars 10 mm, except G, for which is 50 mm.
Fig. 1 in In quest of the Pteraichnus trackmaker: Comparisons to modern crocodilians
Fig. 1. Trackway measurements. Schematic diagram of pace angulation, stride length, external and internal width between opposing pes.
Fig. 2 in In quest of the Pteraichnus trackmaker: Comparisons to modern crocodilians
Fig. 2. Modern crocodilian trackways (A–E) compared to Pteraichnus saltwashensis Stokes, 1957 (F). A, B. Paleosuchus trigonatus Schneider, 1801, walking (A) and running (B). C, D. Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801, sprawling (C) and walking (D). E. Tomistoma schlegelii Müller, 1838, walking. F. Pteraichnus saltwashensis type specimen from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Arizona, USA (modified from Padian and Olsen 1984). Direction of the movement is from left to right.
Linked collectors and determiners for: UWIZM Turtles and Crocodilians.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "UWIZM Turtles and Crocodilians". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/f4d148fb-d833-470f-b1b1-07d5964ab688">https://bionomia.net/dataset/f4d148fb-d833-470f-b1b1-07d5964ab688</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/f4d148fb-d833-470f-b1b1-07d5964ab688">https://gbif.org/dataset/f4d148fb-d833-470f-b1b1-07d5964ab688</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 2 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 2. Boxplots of the distance to the nearest tree, floating grass mat, and invasive floating plants Eicchornia crassipes and Salvinia cucullata in the two main habitat types in Mesangat wetland: the open areas and the flooded forest. The habitats differ significantly in median distance from a transect line point to the nearest tree (W = 5807.5, nopen = 109, nforest = 56, P <0.001). Floating grass mats are present predominantly in the open areas where median distance from the transect to the nearest grass mat was significantly smaller than in flooded forest (W = 697, nopen = 108, nforest = 39, P <0.001). The invasive plant species, E. crassipes and S. cucullata, were found in both habitats. Median distances from transect points to the nearest exotic plant did not differ significantly between the flooded forest and open areas (E. crassipes: W = 186.5, nopen = 22, nforest = 24, P = 0.089; S. cucullata: W = 801, nopen = 48, nforest = 39, P = 0.249).
Fig. 6 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 6. Percentage of stomach content samples of C. siamensis (n = 16) and T. schlegelii (n = 26) containing different prey items: birds, fish, amphibians, invertebrates, plants, reptiles and mammals.
Fig. 1 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 1. Wild juvenile Crocodylus siamensis (A) and Tomistoma schlegelii (B) captured in Mesangat Lake.
Fig. 5 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 5. Sightings of C. siamensis (n = 71) and T. schlegelii (n = 101) belonging to different estimated size classes, spotted in Mesangat Lake during different seasons: dry (2011), transitional (2012) and wet (2010).
Fig. 4 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig. 4. Boxplots of the distance to the nearest tree and the nearest floating grass mat of T. schlegelii (n = 28) and C. siamensis (n = 33) spotted and/or captured in Mesangat wetland in May–June 2012. All C. siamensis and 7% of T. schlegelii sightings occurred in open areas with floating grass mats. Tomistoma schlegelii was found at significantly larger median distances from grass mats than C. siamensis (W = 823, n1 = 28, n2 = 33, P <0.001) and significantly closer to the nearest tree (W = 129.5, n1 = 28, n2 = 33, P <0.001).
Fig.3 in Niche partitioning between juvenile sympatric crocodilians in Mesangat Lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Fig.3. Locations of C. siamensis and T. schlegelii spotted in Mesangat Lake habitats in the three seasons: wet (2010), dry (2011) and transitional (2012). Data on C. siamensis distribution in 2010 and 2011 refer to Behler et al. (2018). Base map: ArcMap Bing Aerial.
Figure 9 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 9. Development of the columella auris in Gallus domesticus and Coturnix japonica. A, day-8 chick embryo, ventro-right lateral view. B, day-10 chick embryo, postero-right lateral view. C, day-11 chick embryo, antero-right lateral view. D, day-7 quail embryo, left lateral view. E, day-9 quail embryo, ventro-right lateral view. F, day-9 quail embryo, ventro-left lateral view. G, day-10 quail embryo, ventropostero-right lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A–G: whole mounts.
Figure 8 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 8. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues in Struthio camelus. A, day-16 embryo, posteroleft lateral and anteroventro-left lateral view. B, day-17 embryo, ventro-left lateral view. C, day-18 embryo, left lateral view. D, day-20 embryo, postero-left lateral view. E, day-25 embryo, antero-left lateral view. F, day-29 embryo,
Figure 6 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 6. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues in Struthio camelus. A, day-11 embryo, ventro-right lateral view. B, day-12 embryo, ventro-right lateral view. C and D, day-13 embryo, postero-left lateral view. E, day-13 embryo, posterior view. F, day-13 embryo, postero-dorsal and posterior view. G, day-13 embryo, anterior view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. The dotted yellow circle represents the region of the tympanic process. The dotted red circle represents tympanic invagination. A and B, whole mounts; C–G, graphic reconstructions.
Figure 5 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 5. Development of the columella auris of Crocodylus niloticus. A, day-17 embryo, left lateral view. B, day-21 embryo, left lateral view. C, day-25 embryo, left lateral view. D, day-26 embryo, left lateral view. E, day-26 embryo, right lateral view. F, day-27 embryo, right lateral view. G, day-29 embryo, right lateral view. H, day-29 embryo, left lateral view. I, day-30 embryo, left lateral view. J, day-35 embryo, left lateral view. K, day-40 embryo, left lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A–K, whole mounts.
Figure 4 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 4. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues of Alligator mississippiensis. A and B, day-40 embryo, left lateral and right lateral view. C, day-40 embryo, right lateral view. D, day-42 embryo, right lateral and medial view. E, day-42 embryo, right lateral view. F, day-47 embryo, right lateral view. G, day-51 embryo, right lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A, B, and E–G, whole mounts; C and D, graphic reconstructions.
Figure 3 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 3. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues of Alligator mississippiensis. A, day-30 embryo, left lateral and medial view. B, day-33 embryo, left lateral view. C, day-37 embryo, right lateral and medial view. D and E, day-39 embryo, right lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A and C, graphic reconstructions; B, D, and E,
Figure 2 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 2. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues of Alligator mississippiensis. A–C, day-21 embryos, transverse sections through the external and middle ear region. D, day-21 embryo, posterior view. E, day-22 embryo, right lateral view. F, day-25 embryo, right lateral view. G, day-27 embryo, postero-right lateral view. H, day-28 embryo, right lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. A–C, histological sections; D and G, graphic reconstructions; E, F, and H, whole mounts.
Figure 1 in Developmental patterns of the crocodilian and avian columella auris: reappraisal of interpretations of the derivation of the dorsal hyoid arch in archosaurian tetrapods
Figure 1. Development of the columella auris and surrounding tissues of Alligator mississippiensis. A, day-12 embryo, right lateral view. B, C, and E, day-14 embryo, postero-left lateral, posterior, and right lateral view. D and F, day-14 embryo, transverse sections through the external and middle ear region. G and H, day-16 embryo, transverse sections through the external and middle ear region. I, day-18 embryo, right lateral view. For abbreviations see the Appendix. In all figures hyal elements are distinguished in all whole mounts by yellow labels. A and I, whole mounts; B, C, and E, graphic reconstructions; D, and F–H, histological sections.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.