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10 results for “crop origins”
Germination of crop species in response to whole-soil inoculants that originate from conventional vs organic farming systems
<p>Dataset of manuscript entitled “Germination of crop species in response to whole-soil inoculants that originate from conventional vs organic farming systems”. This manuscript includes the results of WP2 from the SOFT project (ref. 890874).</p>
Kõtkõra asisi 'Kõtkõra's corn' or 'The origin of maize and other crops among the Sakurabiat people'
<p>This short narrative is a fragment of a mythological tale that describes the origin<br> of maize and other crops, such as beans and manioc (yucca), among the Sakurabiat people. Sakurabiat is pronounced [sa’kɨrabiat]. In the orthographic convention for the language the grapheme <u> represents the hight central vowel<br> [ɨ].The Sakurabiat are very reduced in number. In the last survey done in 2016,<br> there were only 65 people living in the Rio Mekens Indigenous Land.<br> The Kõtkõra asisi story is told by Mercedes Guaratira Sakyrabiar, one of the<br> oldest speakers of Sakurabiat at the time of the recording. Sadly, she passed away<br> in December of 2015. Mercedes’s age was not known for certain, but she was<br> believed to be more than 75 years old when she told this story in 2006. The story<br> was recorded in audio as part of a long term project for the documentation and<br> study of the Sakurabiat (Mekens) language, which had partial support from the<br> Endangered Language Documentation Program, funded by the School of Oriental<br> and African Studies (SOAS).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset contains the mediafiles. A glossed version with annotations is found in<br> On this and other worlds -- Voices from Amazonia<br> Edited by Kristine Stenzel and Bruna Franchetto</p>
Fitness and cold tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda fed on corn and two winter crops (Original data)
<p>草地贪夜蛾(FAW)草<em>地</em>贪夜蛾是一种主要的迁徙和多噬性害虫。FAW的越冬、迁徙和定植性状与植被和寄主适应性密切相关。在这项研究中,我们调查了春夏作物(玉米)和两种冬季作物(卷心菜,<em>芸苔</em>属和油菜,油菜,油菜)的产卵偏好,喂养<em>偏好,适应性</em>和耐寒性。结果表明,FAW可以通过喂食卷心菜和油菜来完成其生命周期,尽管健康状况不如玉米。以卷心菜为食的FAW存活率、雌蛹质量和宿主适宜性指数高于油菜,幼虫更喜欢以油菜叶为食,雌性更喜欢在油菜植株上产卵。此外,与玉米和油菜相比,以卷心菜为食的FAW幼虫从寒晕中恢复的时间最短,表明以卷心菜为食可提高FAW幼虫的耐寒性。因此,卷心菜可能是FAW的理想宿主,需要在冬季生存和繁殖。研究结果提高了我们对FAW寄主选择和适应的理解,为预测FAW冬季繁殖区奠定了基础。</p>
Pangenomic origins of evolutionary rescue in a staple crop
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Genetic composition and diversity of Arabica coffee in the crop's center of origin and its impact on four major fungal diseases
<p><span>Conventional wisdom states that </span><span>genetic variation reduces disease levels in plant populations. Nevertheless, crop species have been subject to a gradual loss of genetic variation through selection for specific traits during breeding, thereby increasing their vulnerability to biotic stresses such as pathogens. We explored how genetic variation in Arabica coffee sites in southwestern Ethiopia was related to the incidence of four major fungal diseases. Sixty sites were selected along a gradient of management intensity, ranging from nearly wild to intensively managed coffee stands. We used genotyping-by-sequencing of pooled leaf samples (pool-GBS) derived from 16 individual coffee shrubs in each of the sixty sites to assess the variation in genetic composition (multivariate: reference allele frequency) and genetic diversity (univariate: mean expected heterozygosity) between sites. </span><span>We found that genetic composition had a clear spatial pattern and that genetic diversity was higher in less managed sites</span><span>. The incidence of the four fungal diseases was related to the genetic composition of the coffee stands, but in a specific way for each disease. In contrast, genetic diversity was only related to the within-site variation of coffee berry disease, but not to the mean incidence of any of the four diseases across sites. Given that fungal diseases are major challenges of Arabica coffee in its native range, our findings that genetic composition of coffee sites impacted the major fungal diseases may serve as baseline information to study the molecular basis of disease resistance in coffee. </span><span>Overall, our study illustrates the need to consider both host genetic composition and genetic diversity when investigating the genetic basis for variation in disease levels</span><span>. </span></p>
Fitness and cold tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda fed on corn and two winter crops(Original data)
<p>Fall armyworm (FAW) <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> is a major migratory and polyphagous pest. Overwintering, migrating and colonizing characters of FAW are closely related to vegetation and host adaptation. In this study, oviposition preference, feeding preference, fitness and cold tolerance of FAW fed on spring & summer crop (corn) and two winter crops (cabbage, <em>Brassica campestris </em>and rape,<em> B. napus</em>). We observed that FAW could complete their life cycle by feeding cabbage and rape, although fitness was not as good as corn. FAW fed on cabbage had higher survival, pupal weight, and host suitability index than rape while larvae preferred to feed on rape leaves and females preferred to lay eggs on rape plants. In addition, FAW larvae fed on cabbage had the shortest recovery time from chill coma compared to corn and rape, indicating that cold tolerance of FAW larvae was improved by feeding on cabbage. Consequently, cabbage could be an ideal host for FAW which needed to survive and reproduction in winter. These results improve our understanding of host selection and adaption of FAW, as well as lay a foundation for the prediction of FAW overwintering.</p>
Data from: Genome skimming reveals the origin of the Jerusalem Artichoke tuber crop species: neither from Jerusalem nor an Artichoke
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Genetic composition and diversity of Arabica coffee in the crop’s center of origin and its impact on four major fungal diseases
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Data from: Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide
Research into the origins of food plants has led to the recognition that specific geographical regions around the world have been of particular importance to the development of agricultural crops. Yet the relative contributions of these different regions in the context of current food systems have not been quantified. Here we determine the origins ('primary regions of diversity') of the crops comprising the food supplies and agricultural production of countries worldwide. We estimate the degree to which countries use crops from regions of diversity other than their own ('foreign crops'), and quantify changes in this usage over the past 50 years. Countries are highly interconnected with regard to primary regions of diversity of the crops they cultivate and/or consume. Foreign crops are extensively used in food supplies (68.7% of national food supplies as a global mean are derived from foreign crops) and production systems (69.3% of crops grown are foreign). Foreign crop usage has increased significantly over the past 50 years, including in countries with high indigenous crop diversity. The results provide a novel perspective on the ongoing globalization of food systems worldwide, and bolster evidence for the importance of international collaboration on genetic resource conservation and exchange.
Data from: Origins of food crops connect countries worldwide
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