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5 results for “crop sequence”
Harmonised LUCAS database classified by crop sequence type
<p>Assessing the benefits of crop diversification – a pillar of the agroecological transition – on a large scale requires a description of current crop sequences as a baseline, which is lacking at the scale of the European Union (EU). This work is based on the Harmonised LUCAS in-situ land cover and use database for field surveys from 2006 to 2018 in the European Union (doi: <a href="http://doi.org/10.2905/f85907ae-d123-471f-a44a-8cca993485a2">10.2905/f85907ae-d123-471f-a44a-8cca993485a2)</a> to fill this gap, We completed this dataset with a crop sequence type information for each point under non-perennial agricultural land cover in 2012, 2015 and 2018.</p> <p>The dataset lucas_classified.csv includes 31 159 points. Variables "point_id", "nuts0", "nuts2", "th_lat", "th_long", "LC1_2012", "LC1_2015", "LC1_2018" are inherited from the Harmonised LUCAS databse. Variables "cereals", "corn", "rapeseed", "sunflower", "pulses", "rootCrops", "forageLeg", "grassland" correspond to the temporal frequencies of respectively cereals, corn, rapeseed, sunflower, pulses, root crops, forage legumes and grassland within the 2012, 2015 and 2018 crop sequence for each point. Variable "crop_sequence_type" is the crop sequence type assigned to each point, among eight options: cereals, corn and cereals, forage legumes and cereals, pulses and cereals, rapeseed and cereals, root crops and cereals, sunflower and cereals, temporary grasslands.</p> <p>This dataset could be used to map current dominant crop sequences in the European Union, as illustrated in the map attached, and to assess the benefits of future crop diversification.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: A functional diversity approach of crop sequences reveals that weed diversity and abundance show different responses to environmental variability
1. Combining several crop species and associated agricultural practices in a crop sequence has the potential to control weed abundance while promoting weed diversity in arable fields. However, how the variability of environmental conditions that arise from crop sequences affects weed diversity and abundance remains poorly understood, with most studies to-date simply opposing weed communities in monoculture and in crop rotation. Here, we describe crop sequences along gradients of disturbance and resource variability using a crop functional trait and associated agricultural practices. We tested the hypothesis that variability of disturbances reduces weed abundance while variability of resources promotes weed diversity. 2. We used functional Hill's numbers to compute crop sequence functional diversity based on sowing date, herbicide spectrum and crop height - these are the respective proxies of disturbance timings, disturbance types and light availability. Using a large-scale weed monitoring database, we assessed crop sequence diversity for 1045 crop sequences of five consecutive cropping seasons. We computed weed richness and abundance at pluri-annual (pool of weeds observed across five cropping seasons) and annual (pool of weeds observed during a winter cereal cropping season preceded by five cropping seasons) scales. We also accounted for herbicide and tillage intensities to test whether management intensity affects the response of weed diversity and abundance to crop sequence diversity. 3. At the pluri-annual scale, weed richness increased with the diversity of crop height and sowing date while weed abundance decreased with sowing date diversity. Annual weed richness decreased with sowing date diversity while annual weed abundance poorly relied on crop sequence diversity. 4. Synthesis and applications. This study establishes a scientific basis for designing crop sequences according to specific weed management goals. We show that farmers may enhance arable weed diversity on a pluri-annual scale by sequentially sowing crop species that differ in their competitive ability and sowing date. They may also achieve a better control of weed abundance by increasing the diversity of crop sowing dates across the crop sequence.
Data from: A functional diversity approach of crop sequences reveals that weed diversity and abundance show different responses to environmental variability
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Data from: Plastome sequencing of ten nonmodel crop species uncovers a large insertion of mitochondrial DNA in cashew
In plant evolution, intracellular gene transfer (IGT) is a prevalent, ongoing process. While nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are known to integrate foreign DNA via IGT and horizontal gene transfer (HGT), plastid genomes (plastomes) have resisted foreign DNA incorporation and only recently has IGT been uncovered in the plastomes of a few land plants. In this study, we completed plastome sequences for l0 crop species and describe a number of structural features including variation in gene and intron content, inversions, and expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat (IR). We identified a putative rpl22 in cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) and other sequenced Lauraceae and an apparent functional transfer of rpl23 to the nucleus of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). In the orchard tree cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), we report the insertion of an ∼6.7-kb fragment of mitochondrial DNA into the plastome IR. BLASTn analyses returned high identity hits to mitogenome sequences including an intact ccmB open reading frame. Using three plastome markers for five species of Anacardium, we generated a phylogeny to investigate the distribution and timing of the insertion. Four species share the insertion, suggesting that this event occurred <20 million yr ago in a single clade in the genus. Our study extends the observation of mitochondrial to plastome IGT to include long-lived tree species. While previous studies have suggested possible mechanisms facilitating IGT to the plastome, more examples of this phenomenon, along with more complete mitogenome sequences, will be required before a common, or variable, mechanism can be elucidated.
Data from: Plastome sequencing of ten nonmodel crop species uncovers a large insertion of mitochondrial DNA in cashew
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