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17 results for “crustose lichen”
FIG. 4 in Two new crustose Cladonia species with strepsilin and other new lichens from the Serra de Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
FIG. 4. — Lecanora lichexanthoxylina Aptroot & M.F. Souza, sp. nov., holotype: A, habitus with UV; B, habitus. Width of pictures: A, 30 mm; B, 10 mm.
FIG. 3 in Two new crustose Cladonia species with strepsilin and other new lichens from the Serra de Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
FIG. 3. — Lecanora fluoroxylina Aptroot & M.F. Souza,sp. nov., isotype, habitus. Width of picture: 30 mm.
FIG. 2 in Two new crustose Cladonia species with strepsilin and other new lichens from the Serra de Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
FIG. 2. — Cladonia zebrathallina Aptroot & Spielmann, sp. nov., holotype: A, habitus; B, pycnidium; C, conidia. Width of pictures: A, 10 mm, B, 250 µm, C, 120 µm.
Bacidia fuscoviridis, another overlooked sorediate crustose lichen widely distributed in temperate eastern North America
<p>To evaluate the generic relationships of <em>Bacidia fuscovirdis </em>within Ramalinaceae we carried out BLASTn searches of the existing reference sequences of <em>B. fuscoviridis</em> in NCBI which recovered representatives of <em>Biatora </em>Ach., <em>Lecania </em>A.Massal. and <em>Mycobilimbia</em> Rhem, as the closest hits for ITS and the lone sequence of rpb2. Based on these results we used the published phylogeny of Ramalinaceae from Kistenich et al. (2018) as a guide and constructed a multi-locus dataset that mirrored their sampling of the clade containing <em>Bilimbia</em>, <em>Lecania</em> and <em>Mycobilimbia</em> with <em>Biatora</em> as an outgroup. We downloaded the mtSSU, ITS, nucLSU and RPB2 sequences used by those authors (see Table 1) and manually aligned each dataset in Mesquite 3.31 (Maddison & Maddison 2017. We then added the available reference sequences of<em> B. fuscoviridis </em>(three ITS sequences, one rpb2 sequence) to the relevant alignment, manually adjusted them, and defined all ambiguously aligned regions and gap-rich terminal regions in an exclusion set. The excluded regions were then manually deleted, terminal gaps transformed to missing data, and uncertainties and polymorphisms transformed to missing data. The alignments were then concatenated in Mesquite and exported a single PHYLIP file. The concatenated alignment was partitioned and RAxML v8.2x (Stamatakis 2006) was used to infer a maximum likelihood (ML) topology and bootstrapping was performed with 500 pseudoreplicates and implementing the model GTRGAMMA across all partitions. The results were visualized in FigTree 1.4.3 (Rambaut 2016).</p> <p>This data deposit includes the underlying files for the phylogeny presented in the published study (Curtis et al., Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society). It includes a translation table for GenBank accessions and terminal names used in the dataset, individual alignments for ITS, mtSSU, nucLSU and rpb2 all in NEXUS format, concatenated alignment in NEXUS and PHYLIP format as well as partitions file for RAxML, and the final tree figure presented in the publication.</p>
FIG. 1. — A, B. Cryptothecia duplofluorescens Aptroot & M.F in New crustose lichens from a tropical coastal area in Paraná (Brazil)
FIG. 1. — A, B. Cryptothecia duplofluorescens Aptroot & M.F. Souza, sp. nov.: A, thallus; B, thallus under UV light; C, soredia; D-F, Myriostigma xanthominiatum Aptroot & M.F. Souza, sp. nov.: D, thallus; E, thallus under UV light; F, ascus with ascospores; G, H, Herpothallon purpureum Aptroot & M.F. Souza, sp. nov.: G, hypophyllous thallus; H epiphyllous thallus; I, J, Wirthiotrema xanthopustulatum Aptroot & M.F. Souza, sp. nov.: I, thallus; J, thallus under UV light. All from holotypes. Scales: A, B, 4 mm; C, 30 µm; D, E, 5 mm; F, 80 µm; G, 7 mm, H-J, 5 mm.
Data from: The weight of the crust: biomass of crustose lichens in tropical dry forest represents more than half of foliar biomass
In recent years, our ecological knowledge of tropical dry forests has increased dramatically. However, the functional contributions of whole ecosystem components, such as lichens, remain mostly unknown. In these forests, the abundance of epiphyte crustose lichens is responsible for the characteristic white bark on most woody plants, conspicuous during the dry season, but the amount of resources that the lichen component represents remains unexplored. We estimated lichen biomass in a Mexican tropical dry forest using the bark area of trees, the dry mass of lichens per unit area and the percentage of bark covered by lichens, together with previously known tree densities. The lowest 2.5 m of the forests main trunks contained 188 kg/ha of lichen biomass, with lichens covering 85% of the available bark for trees <12 cm DBH and 38% for trees >12 cm. Total epiphytic lichen biomass was 1.34–1.99 Mg/ha. Lichen biomass represented 61% of the foliar biomass in the forest. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a lichen biomass estimate is provided for an ecosystem in which crustose lichens are the dominant lichen growth form. Crustose lichens are typically considered to contribute little to the total lichen biomass and to be difficult to include in ecological analyses. The high lichen biomass in this ecosystem implies a significant ecological role which so far is unexplored. We suggest the crustose lichen component should not be underestimated a priori in ecological studies, especially in ecosystems with abundant lichen cover.
FIG. 1 in Two new crustose Cladonia species with strepsilin and other new lichens from the Serra de Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
FIG. 1. — Cladonia gumboskii sp. nov., holotype, habitus.Width of picture: 9 mm.
Data from: The weight of the crust: biomass of crustose lichens in tropical dry forest represents more than half of foliar biomass
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Data from: Herteliana schuyleriana (Squamarinaceae), a new crustose lichen widespread in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America
Herteliana schuyleriana is described as new to science based on collections from throughout the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. Taxonomic placement is inferred from molecular phylogenic analysis of mtSSU sequence data that recovered the taxon as sister to the type species of Herteliana, H. gagei, and strongly supported these taxa as embedded within the Squamarinaceae. The new species is characterized by its occurrence on non-calcareous shaded rocks in inland forested habitats (vs. exposed maritime oceanic habitats), its greenish-blue crustose thallus, presence of abundant blastidia on the thallus surface, frequent sterility, and by the production of roccellic/angardianic acid together with occasional trace amounts of psoromic acid as accessories to atranorin.
Data from: Thelomma ocellatum, a range extension to the Yukon Territory and case study in the use of molecular data to recognize asexually reproducing crustose lichens
An unusual sterile, asexually reproducing crustose lichen was encountered during fieldwork in the Yukon Territory of Canada. Genus and family level placement of the taxon were precluded by a lack of both sexual characters and any non-sexual characters that would have suggested an unambiguous generic affiliation. Examination of mtSSU and nrITS sequence data of the taxon revealed it to be a member of the Caliciaceae, with a sister relationship to the genus Tholurna. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU sequence data suggested conspecificity with Thelomma ocellatum, one of the few calicioid lichens that reproduce asexually via lichenized diaspores. Comparison of the material from the Yukon with reference specimens and descriptions of T. ocellatum confirmed the identification of these populations, which extend the known distribution of T. ocellatum considerably northward in North America.
Data from: Thelomma ocellatum, a range extension to the Yukon Territory and case study in the use of molecular data to recognize asexually reproducing crustose lichens
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Data from: Herteliana schuyleriana (Squamarinaceae), a new crustose lichen widespread in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America
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Data from: The evolution of fungal substrate specificity in a widespread group of crustose lichens
Lichens exhibit varying degrees of specialization with regard to the surfaces they colonize, ranging from substrate generalists to strict substrate specialists. Though long recognized, the causes and consequences of substrate specialization are poorly known. Using a phylogeny of a 150-200 MYA clade of lichen fungi, we asked whether substrate niche is phylogenetically conserved, which substrates are ancestral, whether specialists arise from generalists or vice versa, and how specialization affects speciation/extinction processes. We found strong phylogenetic signal for niche conservatism. Specialists evolved into generalists and back again, but transitions from generalism to specialism were more common than the reverse. Our models suggest that for this group of fungi, "escape" from specialization for soil, rock and bark occurred, but specialization for wood foreclosed evolution away from that substrate type. In parallel, speciation models showed positive diversification rates for soil and rock dwellers but not other specialists. Patterns in the studied group suggest that fungal substrate specificity is a key determinant of evolutionary trajectory for the entire lichen symbiosis.
Figure 3 from: Svensson M, Ekman S, Klepsland JT, Nordin A, Thor G, von Hirschheydt G, Jonsson F, Knutsson T, Lif M, Spribille T, Westberg M (2017) Taxonomic novelties and new records of Fennoscandian crustose lichens. MycoKeys 25: 51-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.25.13375
Figure 3 - A Micarea subconfusa (UPS L-578286) B Mycoblastus sanguinarioides (UPS L-550384). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 1 mm (B).
Figure 2 from: Svensson M, Ekman S, Klepsland JT, Nordin A, Thor G, von Hirschheydt G, Jonsson F, Knutsson T, Lif M, Spribille T, Westberg M (2017) Taxonomic novelties and new records of Fennoscandian crustose lichens. MycoKeys 25: 51-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.25.13375
Figure 2 - A Catillaria scotinodes (UPS L-785594) B Gyalidea subscutellaris (UPS L-679028) C Micarea hylocomii (UPS L-803526) D Micarea lynceola (UPS L-778164). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 1 from: Svensson M, Ekman S, Klepsland JT, Nordin A, Thor G, von Hirschheydt G, Jonsson F, Knutsson T, Lif M, Spribille T, Westberg M (2017) Taxonomic novelties and new records of Fennoscandian crustose lichens. MycoKeys 25: 51-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.25.13375
Figure 1 - A–B Bacidia pycnidiata (UPS L-681835), A group of apothecia B pycnidia with long and curved necks. C–D Bacidina adastra, C close-up of thallus with apothecia, note intermingled black fibers belonging to the polypropylene fabric on which the specimen grows (UPS L-779918) D overview of thick, sterile thallus (UPS L-779932). Scale bars: 0.25 mm (A–B), 1 mm (C–D).
Data from: The evolution of fungal substrate specificity in a widespread group of crustose lichens
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