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6 results for “cryoconite”
Codes and data set for Cryoconite hole model (CryHo)
<p><strong>Codes and data set for cryoconite hole model (CryHo)</strong> (Onuma et al., 2023, <em>The Cryosphere</em>). The content is as below.</p> <p><strong>- cryho_disclose_v1</strong>: readme, the model codes, parameter files for the model, model outputs and shell scripts for sensitivity tests <br> <strong>- data</strong>: model input data (meteorological conditions), model data of extinction coefficient for ice* and observational data of cryoconite hole depths<br> <strong>- python</strong>: Python scripts for the visualization<br> <strong>- figure</strong>: png files created by the Python scripts<br> <br> *If you have any questions about extinction coefficients for ice, please contact Dr. Teruo Aoki, a co-author in this dataset.</p>
McMurdo Dry Valleys Geochemistry data of cryoconite holes collected from Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Hughes and Taylor glaciers in Nov 2001 and Jan 2002
Geochemistry data of cryoconite holes collected from Canada, Commonwealth, Howard, Hughes and Taylor glaciers in Nov 2001 and Jan 2002
McMurdo Dry Valleys Geochemistry of cryoconite holes collected from Canada Glacier in Jan 2001
The chemistry of cryoconite holes on Canada glacier was measured in January, 2001 at seven locations. Water analysis was conducted for pH, electrical conductivity and a nematodes census.
Spatial coverage and inter-annual persistence of cryoconite holes on Canada and Commonwealth glaciers, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2015)
This data package includes measurements pertaining to the spatial distribution and multi-annual persistence of cryoconite holes on Canada and Commonwealth Glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica during two consecutive austral summers (2013-14 and 2014-15). Four circular sampling zones were established on each glacier and multiple measurements of the surface shape and absolute location of all cryoconite holes within the sampling zones were recorded. These measurements can be used to generate spatial maps and analyze the persistence of cryoconite holes from one summer to the next by tracking individual holes and identifying the number lost, gained, and persistent on a multiannual scale. The physical state of each cryoconite hole (liquid-filled, fully frozen, or drained/dry) was also recorded in order to assess the capacity for drained columns to re-initiate downward melting later in the austral summer or during the following year. The glacial surface coverage (GSC) of liquid-filled cryoconite holes can be used in order to assess the contribution of these columns to total glacial melt and drainage. A detailed description for how to use these data in subsequent analyses to spatially map and ‘track’ cryoconite holes over time is available in Water Resources Research: A.Q. Mass and D.M. McKnight (2021) The inter-annual persistence and contribution of cryoconite holes in Taylor Valley, Antarctica to the hydrologic cycle of the McMurdo Dry Valleys under a new climate regime.
Geochemistry of Cryoconite Holes, Troll Blue Ice Area, Antarctica
<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Cryoconite holes, snow and glacier ice were sampled in eight localities of blue ice in the vicinity of Troll Station, Antarctica during December 2019 and January 2020. The samples were collected as part of the Research Council of Norway-funded BIOICE Project (Grant No. 288402) by Prof. Andy Hodson and Dr Aga Nowak.</p> <p>Data are available as a single Excel spreadsheet with two tabs: one containing the chemistry data and the other containing the location and dimension of the holes, where available.</p> <p><strong>Contact</strong>: Andrew.Hodson@unis.no</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Cryoconite holes in the Troll blue ice area are typically covered by an ice lid, even during summer, when subsurface melting is caused by light penetration through the ice and its absorption by underlying debris particles. Access to the underlying water was therefore achieved first by drilling through the ice lid with a 5 cm Kovacs ice auger. The auger was cleaned at each site before use and the ice chips from the lid were sampled, taking care to ensure a depth-integrated sample was collected in each case. Once the lid was penetrated, a syringe was used to extract water from the hole beneath the lid. Samples of glacier ice were taken by drilling the ice auger into the glacier beside the holes.</p> <p> </p> <p>Samples for major ion analysis (here Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) were syringe-filtered through 0.45 µm Whatman Puradisc Aqua 30 filters and stored in 50 mL Corning centrifuge tubes after being rinsed with filtrate. The analysis was conducted on Dionex DX90 Ion Chromatographs (University of Sheffield, UK) calibrated in the range 0.01-2 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>for cations and in the range 0.25-2 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>for anions. Precision errors for these ions were all <2% for mid-range standards, while the detection limit was ≤ 0.01 mg L<sup>-1</sup> for cations and 0.05 mg L<sup>-1</sup> for anions (calculated as three times the standard deviation of ten blanks). All ions described above are reported in mg L<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>Quantification of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and Si in the above samples was conducted using a Skalar San++ Continuous Flow Analyser Autoanalyser (University of Sheffield, UK), calibrated in the range 0-3 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. The limit of detection for these ions was ≤ 0.05 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (calculated as three times the standard deviation of ten blanks). These analyses employed standard colorimetric methods (based on The European Standard EN ISO, 1996, 2002, 2004 and 2005). Samples are reported as mgN L<sup>-1</sup>, mgP L<sup>-1</sup> and mgSi L<sup>-1</sup>, accordingly</p> <p>For both dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC), a 40mL aliquot was filtered through a Whatman Puradisc Aqua 30 0.45 um pore size filter and stored in Sievers-certified sterilised glass vials. DOC and DIC analyses used the membrane conductometric method of the Sievers 5310 Analyser with UV and persulphate digestion (University Centre In Svalbard, Norway) with a detection limit 0.01 mg L<sup>-1</sup> and < 5% precision errors according to repeat analysis of mid-range (0.4 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) Sievers-certified calibration solutions. All samples are reported at mgC L<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>Samples for water isotope analysis were collected as unfiltered 20 mL aliquots in a screw-top HDPE bottle. The bottles were subsampled into 1.5 mL vials with septa closures and loaded into the auto-sampler tray of a CDRS (cavity ringdown laser spectroscopy) instrument (L1102-<em>i</em> Picarro water isotope analyzer and A0211 high-precision vaporiser, University of Cambridge). Each sample was injected nine times and the first three injections were rejected to reduce memory effects from the previous sample. Average values from the remaining six injections were averaged when in-run precision was less than ±0.1 for δ<sup>18</sup>O. Internal standards were run after eight samples and the external reproducibility of these standards was <1‰ 2<em>σ</em>. All results are reported in parts per thousand (‰) relative to V-SMOW.</p> <p> </p>
Global dataset of fallout radionuclides in cryoconite
<p>These data describe the activity concentrations of fallout radionuclides (137Cs, 241Am, 210Pb) in cryoconite and proglacial sediment samples collected on glaciers around the global cryosphere.</p>
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