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Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n = 35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n = 30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d).

Figure 5. Principal component plot for the 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 5. Principal component plot for the 4 most diagnostic morphometric variables (GUHL, dCLAN, MP6 and nSt) to distinguish individual specimens of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (n = 39) from those belonging to morphologically similar-looking Palearctic species (n = 49). For a definition of variables see Supplementary Table S3 and Fig. S1.

Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 6. Projected occurrence probability from ecological niche modeling for the Palearctic ant Lasius niger which has been introduced to Canada, based on 19 climatic and one land use variable. The intensity of blue colour indicates the probability of occurrence on a 0–1 scale based on 180 presences (black circles) and 182 absences (white circles) in the native range in the Old World (a). The model was then projected to North America to estimate areas of suitable habitat for this introduced species (b). These maps have been created using the free R-package "ggplot2" v3.3.5 (https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org) in R v4.1.1.

Figure 2. Mitotype tree and distribution maps for 98 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 2. Mitotype tree and distribution maps for 98 DNA-barcodes belonging to 7 mitotypes of the ant Lasius niger (blue, n = 70) and 15 mitotypes of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (red, n = 28). The red dashed line delimits the expected natural range of L. ponderosae sp. nov.53 Maps have been created using the free R-package "ggmap" v3.0.0 (https://github.com/dkahle/ggmap) in R v4.1.1. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0.

Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i).

Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 1. Molecular phylogeny of 26 Holarctic ant taxa belonging to the subgenus Lasius sensu Wilson (1955) and two outgroup taxa (L. pallitarsis and L. mixtus). The phylogeny was calculated under the coalescent model and incorporates data from 9 genes (mtDNA: COI, COII, 16S, nuDNA: Defensin, H3, LR, Wg, Top1 & 28S). Names of species native to the Nearctic are shown in red and those of species native to the Palearctic in blue. Node labels show posterior probability (Bayesian inference) followed by bootstrap support (Maximum likelihood). The scale bar indicates the length of 0.01 substitutions/site.

publicSep 2016View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Cryptic lineages hybridize for worker production in the harvester ant Messor barbarus

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Data from: Cuticular hydrocarbons as potential mediators of cryptic species divergence in a mutualistic ant association

Upon advances in sequencing techniques, more and more morphologically identical organisms are identified as cryptic species. Often, mutualistic interactions are proposed as drivers of diversification. Species of the Neotropical parabiotic ant association between Crematogaster levior and Camponotus femoratus are known for highly diverse cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles, which in insects serve as desiccation barrier but also as communication cues. In the present study we investigated the association of the ants' CHC profiles to genotypes and morphological traits, and discovered cryptic species pairs in both genera. To assess putative niche differentiation between the cryptic species, we conducted an environmental association study that included various climate variables, canopy cover, and mutualistic plant species. Although mostly sympatric, the two Camponotus species seem to prefer different climate niches. However in the two Crematogaster species, we could not detect any differences in niche preference. The strong differentiation in the CHC profiles may thus suggest either a possible role during speciation itself by inducing assortative mating, or by reinforcing sexual selection after the speciation event. We did not detect any further niche differences in the environmental parameters tested. Thus, it remains open how the cryptic species avoid competitive exclusion, with scope for further investigations.

opencc-zeroJul 2019View details →

Fig. 4 in NC-Clustering demonstrates heterospecificity of the cryptic ant species Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, 1874) and T. racovitzai (BONDROIT, 1918) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 4: Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, 1874) in lateral view; shown is the type of the junior synonym Temnothorax

Fig. 3 in NC-Clustering demonstrates heterospecificity of the cryptic ant species Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, 1874) and T. racovitzai (BONDROIT, 1918) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 3: Head of Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, Fig. 5: Head of lectotype of Temnothorax racovitzai (BONDROIT, 1918).

Fig. 1 in NC-Clustering demonstrates heterospecificity of the cryptic ant species Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, 1874) and T. racovitzai (BONDROIT, 1918) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1: NC-Ward clustering of 64 worker nest samples of Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, 1874) and T. racovitzai (BONDROIT, 1918) considering 18 unselected morphometric characters. Arrows point to three nest samples of T. luteus erroneously placed in the T. racovitzai cluster.

Fig. 2 in NC-Clustering demonstrates heterospecificity of the cryptic ant species Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, 1874) and T. racovitzai (BONDROIT, 1918) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2: NC-Ward clustering of 64 worker nest samples of Temnothorax luteus (FOREL, 1874) and T. racovitzai (BONDROIT, 1918) considering 7 selected morphometric characters.

Figure 6 in Trophobiosis between ants and Eurystethus microlobatus Ruckes 1966 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a cryptic, gregarious and subsocial stinkbug

Figure 6. Relationship among mean number of ants recruited and stinkbug aggregation size in rocky outcrops, southeastern Brazil.

Figure 3 in Trophobiosis between ants and Eurystethus microlobatus Ruckes 1966 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a cryptic, gregarious and subsocial stinkbug

Figure 3. Frequency of adults plus nymphs, found on five plant microhabitats contingent with aggregation size, found on 70 randomly selected aggregations in rocky outcrops, southeastern Brazil. Total number of individuals per aggregation class: 1, n = 6; 2 to 10, n = 39; 11 to 50, n = 590; 51 to 100, n = 906; 101 to 200, n = 1293; 201 to 300, n = 1874;> 301, n = 4646).

Figure 7 in Trophobiosis between ants and Eurystethus microlobatus Ruckes 1966 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a cryptic, gregarious and subsocial stinkbug

Figure 7. Relationship among ant:stinkbug ratio and aggregation size in rocky outcrops, southeastern Brazil.

Figure 5 in Trophobiosis between ants and Eurystethus microlobatus Ruckes 1966 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a cryptic, gregarious and subsocial stinkbug

Figure 5. Daily variation on ant species recruitment to aggregations in rocky outcrops, southeastern Brazil. Number of aggregations with ant species present on at least one count in parenthesis, points represents mean and whiskers represent standard error.

Figure 1 in Trophobiosis between ants and Eurystethus microlobatus Ruckes 1966 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a cryptic, gregarious and subsocial stinkbug

Figure 1. Observed distribution of Eurystethus microlobatus aggregations (n = 98; black bars) contingent with Psittacanthus robustus distribution (n = 519, white bars) on five plant size classes in rocky outcrops, southeastern Brazil.

opennotspecifiedNov 2023View details →

Fig. 10 in Messor erwini sp. n., a hitherto cryptic harvester ant in the Iberian Peninsula

Fig. 10. Messor capitatus major (A, C, E, G, H; collection code #19646) and minor (B, D, F, I, J; collection code #19643) workers. Lateral view of body (A, B); dorsal view of body (C, D); head in full-face view (E, F); frontal triangle in larger magnification (G, I); lateral view of petiole in larger magnification (H, J).

opennotspecifiedNov 2023View details →

Fig. 7 in Messor erwini sp. n., a hitherto cryptic harvester ant in the Iberian Peninsula

Fig. 7. Dendrogram solution for the morphometric data of Iberian Messor species. Sample information in the dendrogram given as follows: final species hypothesis followed by a five-digit sample code applied by the genetic lab separated by a hyphen. Two columns of rectangles represent results of the partitioning algorithms 'hclust' and 'kmeans'. Different colors distinguish species. Messor barbarus: black, M. erwini sp. n.: green, M. capitatus: blue, M. bouvieri: red.