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79 results for “cryptic biodiversity”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Cryptic biodiversity of tropical hesperiid caterpillar-attacking parasitoid wasps: three new species of Creagrura Townes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) from Costa Rica and Perú.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Cryptic biodiversity of tropical hesperiid caterpillar-attacking parasitoid wasps: three new species of Creagrura Townes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) from Costa Rica and Perú". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/01014af1-0a18-413a-a9df-636469c183fa">https://bionomia.net/dataset/01014af1-0a18-413a-a9df-636469c183fa</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/01014af1-0a18-413a-a9df-636469c183fa">https://gbif.org/dataset/01014af1-0a18-413a-a9df-636469c183fa</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Artsprosjektet 43-15, Norway's hidden marine biodiversity: The hunt for cryptic species within the coralline algae.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Artsprosjektet 43-15, Norway's hidden marine biodiversity: The hunt for cryptic species within the coralline algae". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0">https://bionomia.net/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0">https://gbif.org/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
FIG. 8 in Ulva L. biodiversity in the central Mediterranean Sea: cryptic species and new records
FIG. 8. — Consensus phylogenetic tree of Ulva L. species inferred from rbcL sequences. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis were carried out for 47 specimens and one outgroup taxon. The numbers on branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and bootstrap (BS) values (> 0.7 and 70%, respectively). The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.
FIG. 6 in Ulva L. biodiversity in the central Mediterranean Sea: cryptic species and new records
FIG. 6. — Light micrographs of Ulva torta (Mertens) Trevisan G74: A, rectangular cells of thallus including one or very rarely two parietal chloroplasts, with a lobed contour, leaning against the outer wall of the cell; B, detail of part of thallus showing a uniseriate branchlet. Scale bars: 50 μm.
FIG. 3 in Ulva L. biodiversity in the central Mediterranean Sea: cryptic species and new records
FIG. 3. — Cultured germlings of Ulva spp. strains from Malta: A, G57; B, G74; C, G124. Scale bars: 2 cm.
FIG. 2 in Ulva L. biodiversity in the central Mediterranean Sea: cryptic species and new records
FIG. 2. — Underwater photographs of the algal ecosystems growing at the collection sites: A, sampling location at Ċirkewwa, the small pebbles beneath the 15 mL Falcon tube were sampled. The photo is blurred due to the dense brine from the desalination plant which collects at the seabed; B, the algal community at Dwejra from which samples were taken.
FIG. 7 in Ulva L. biodiversity in the central Mediterranean Sea: cryptic species and new records
FIG. 7. — Consensus phylogenetic tree of Ulva L. species inferred from tufA sequences. Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis were carried out for 44 specimens and one outgroup taxon. The numbers on branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and bootstrap (BS) values (> 0.7 and 70%, respectively). Asterisks indicate full support (= 1.00 and 100%). The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.
FIG. 1 in Ulva L. biodiversity in the central Mediterranean Sea: cryptic species and new records
FIG. 1. — Map of the study area. Sampling sites are shown as blue circles. Source for BaseMap: Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS, ©OpenStreet- Map contributors, and the GIS User Community.
FIG. 5 in Ulva L. biodiversity in the central Mediterranean Sea: cryptic species and new records
FIG. 5. — Light micrographs showing the early life cycle stages of Ulva californica Wille G124 in laboratory culture. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Hierarchical drivers of cryptic biodiversity on coral reefs
<p>Declines in habitat structural complexity have marked ecological outcomes, as currently observed in many of the world's ecosystems. Coral reefs have provided a model for such changes in marine ecosystems, but our understanding has been centred on corals and fishes at broad spatial scales when metazoan diversity on coral reefs is dominated by small cryptic taxa (herein: 'cryptofauna'). Given the paucity of studies and high taxonomic complexity of the cryptofauna, both of which limit a priori hypotheses, we asked whether hierarchical structuring theory provides a compelling framework to impose order and quantify pattern. In general terms, we explored whether cryptic communities are sufficiently described by broad seascape parameters or limited by a set of processes operating at their distinctly nested microhabitat scale. To address this theory and gaps in knowledge for the cryptofauna, we characterised community structure in coral rubble, an eroded coral condition where biodiversity proliferates. Rubble was sampled along a depth and exposure gradient at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, to parameterise environmental and morphological indicators of sessile taxa and motile cryptofauna communities. We employed a hierarchical study framework from microhabitat to seascape scales, which were evaluated using non-structured multivariate analyses and Bayesian structural equation modelling. While the non-structured analyses showed the effects of seascape on the cryptobenthos and its community, this approach overlooked the finer hierarchical patterns in rubble ecology revealed only in the structured model. Seascape parameters (exposure and depth) influenced microhabitat complexity (i.e., rubble branchiness), which determined the cover of sessile organisms on rubble pieces, which shaped the motile cryptofauna community. Rubble is likely to be increasingly prevalent on coral reefs in the Anthropocene and is typically associated with low seascape-level complexity and reduced macrofaunal richness. Parallel with hierarchical structuring theory, we show a similar response operating at the microhabitat scale whereby low rubble complexity (i.e., branchiness) reduces cryptobenthic structure, diversity and size spectra. We expect there may be an initial increase in biodiversity and trophodynamic processes derived from branching rubble, but a delay in ecosystem-scale outcomes if coral, and thus rubble, generation and complexity cannot be sustained in a future ocean.</p>
Hierarchical drivers of cryptic biodiversity on coral reefs
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Data from: The importance of standardization for biodiversity comparisons: a case study using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) and metabarcoding to measure cryptic diversity on Mo'orea coral reefs, French Polynesia
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Data from: Do cryptic species matter in macroecology? Sequencing European groundwater crustaceans yields smaller ranges but does not challenge biodiversity determinants
Ecologists increasingly rely on molecular delimitation methods (MMs) to identify species boundaries, thereby potentially increasing the number of putative species because of the presence of morphologically cryptic species. It has been argued that cryptic species could challenge our understanding of what determine large-scale biodiversity patterns which have traditionally been documented from morphology alone. Here, we used morphology and three MMs to derive four different sets of putative species among the European groundwater crustaceans. Then, we used regression models to compare the relative importance of spatial heterogeneity, productivity and historical climates, in shaping species richness and range size patterns across sets of putative species. We tested three predictions. First, MMs would yield many more putative species than morphology because groundwater is a constraining environment allowing little morphological changes. Second, for species richness, MMs would increase the importance of spatial heterogeneity because cryptic species are more likely along physical barriers separating ecologically similar regions than along resource gradients promoting ecologically-based divergent selection. Third, for range size, MMs would increase the importance of historical climates because of reduced and asymmetrical fragmentation of large morphological species ranges at northern latitudes. MMs yielded twice more putative species than morphology and decreased by 10-fold the average species range size. Yet, MMs strengthened the mid-latitude ridge of high species richness and the Rapoport effect of increasing range size at higher latitudes. Species richness predictors did not vary between morphology and MMs but the latter increased the proportion of variance in range size explained by historical climates. These findings demonstrate that our knowledge of groundwater biodiversity determinants is robust to overlooked cryptic species because the latter are homogeneously distributed along environmental gradients. Yet, our findings call for incorporating multiple species delimitation methods into the analysis of large-scale biodiversity patterns across a range of taxa and ecosystems.
Data from: Global biodiversity assessment and hyper-cryptic species complexes: more than one species of elephant in the room?
Several recent estimates of global biodiversity have concluded that the total number of species on Earth lies near the lower end of the wide range touted in previous decades. However, none of these recent estimates formally explore the real 'elephant in the room', namely, what proportion of species are taxonomically invisible to conventional assessments, and thus, as undiagnosed cryptic species, remain uncountable until revealed by multi-gene molecular assessments. Here we explore the significance and extent of so-called 'hyper-cryptic' species complexes, using the Australian freshwater fish Galaxias olidus as a proxy for any organism whose taxonomy ought to be largely finalized when compared to those in little-studied or morphologically undifferentiated groups. Our comprehensive allozyme (838 fish for 54 putative loci), mtDNA (557 fish for 605bp of cytb), and morphological (1963–3389 vouchers for 17–58 characters) assessment of this species across its broad geographic range revealed a 1500% increase in species-level biodiversity, and suggested that additional taxa may remain undiscovered. Importantly, while all 15 candidate species were morphologically diagnosable a posteriori from one another, single-gene DNA barcoding proved largely unsuccessful as an a priori method for species identification. These results lead us to draw two strong inferences of relevance to estimates of global biodiversity. First, hyper-cryptic complexes are likely to be common in many organismal groups. Second, no assessment of species numbers can be considered 'best practice' in the molecular age unless it explicitly includes estimates of the extent of cryptic and hyper-cryptic biodiversity.
Data from: A multigene molecular assessment of cryptic biodiversity in the iconic freshwater blackfishes (Teleostei: Percichthyidae: Gadopsis) of south-eastern Australia
Freshwater biodiversity is under ever increasing threat from human activities, and its conservation and management require a sound knowledge of species-level taxonomy. Cryptic biodiversity is a common feature for aquatic systems, particularly in Australia, where recent genetic assessments suggest that the actual number of freshwater fish species may be considerably higher than currently listed. The freshwater blackfishes (genus Gadopsis) are an iconic group in south-eastern Australia and, in combination with their broad, naturally divided distribution and biological attributes that might limit dispersal, as well as ongoing taxonomic uncertainty, they comprise an ideal study group for assessing cryptic biodiversity. We used a multigene molecular assessment including both nuclear (51 allozyme loci; two S7 introns) and matrilineal markers (cytb) to assess species boundaries and broad genetic substructure within freshwater blackfishes. Range-wide examination demonstrates the presence of at least six candidate species across two nominal taxa, Gadopsis marmoratus and Gadopsis bispinosus. Phylogeographical patterns often aligned to purported biogeographical provinces but occasionally reflected more restricted and unexpected relationships. We highlight key issues with taxonomy, conservation, and management for a species group in a highly modified region.
Data from: Coral reefs as drivers of cladogenesis: expanding coral reefs, cryptic extinction events, and the development of biodiversity hotspots
Diversification rates within four conspicuous coral reef fish families (Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacentridae, Apogonidae) were estimated using Bayesian inference. Lineage through time plots revealed a possible late Eocene/early Oligocene cryptic extinction event coinciding with the collapse of the ancestral Tethyan/Arabian hotspot. Rates of diversification analysis revealed elevated cladogenesis in all families in the Oligocene/Miocene. Throughout the Miocene, lineages with a high percentage of coral reef associated taxa display significantly higher net diversification rates than expected. The development of a complex mosaic of reef habitats in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) during the Oligocene/Miocene appears to have been a significant driver of cladogenesis. Patterns of diversification suggest that coral reefs acted as a refuge from high extinction, as reef taxa are able to sustain diversification at high extinction rates. The IAA appears to support both cladogenesis and survival in associated lineages, laying the foundation for the Recent IAA marine biodiversity hotspot.
Data from: Estimating global biodiversity: the role of cryptic insect species
<p>How many species are there on Earth and to what groups do these species belong? These fundamental questions span systematics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Yet, recent estimates of overall global biodiversity have ranged wildly, from the low millions to the trillions. Insects are a pivotal group for these estimates. Insects make up roughly half of currently described extant species (across all groups), with ~1 million described species. Insect diversity is also crucial because many other taxa have species that may be unique to each insect host species, including bacteria, apicomplexan protists, microsporidian fungi, nematodes, and mites. Several projections of total insect diversity (described and undescribed) have converged on ~6 million species. However, these projections have not incorporated the morphologically cryptic species revealed by molecular data. Here, we estimate the extent of cryptic insect diversity. We perform a systematic review of studies that used explicit species-delimitation methods with multi-locus data. We estimate that each morphology-based insect species contains (on average) 3.1 cryptic species. We then use these estimates to project the overall number of species on Earth and their distribution among major groups. Our estimates suggest that overall global biodiversity may range from 563 million to 2.2 billion species.</p>
Fig. 9 in A multisource solution for a complex problem in biodiversity research: Description of the cryptic ant species Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 9. Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (holotype worker). (A) Lateral view from left. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Head, frontal view. The scale bars equal 0.5 mm. ©NHMW Image Database and www.antbase.net (A and B), and Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (C), published with permission.
Fig. 5 in A multisource solution for a complex problem in biodiversity research: Description of the cryptic ant species Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mtDNA. The tree is a consensus tree resulting from a Bayesian analysis of 1113 bp of cox1, broken down to haplotypes. The node-support values are posterior probabilities, values of 1.0 being depicted as filled circles; values for nodes following the basal divergence within species are omitted. The scale bar denotes 0.1 substitutions/site. Haplotypes are numbered as in Table 1. For country codes see Table 1. "?" denotes ambiguous nests; see Section 5.4 for details.
Fig. 8 in A multisource solution for a complex problem in biodiversity research: Description of the cryptic ant species Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 8. Geographic distribution of Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. caespitum et sp. B (not shown: nests #i652, #i653, #i654, and #i769 from Russia and Armenia) and T. impurum; see Section 5.4. for details concerning ambiguous nests #260 and #261. Map from ArcEditor 9.3.1 (ESRI) software, elevation data added from WorldClim database (Hijmans et al., 2005).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.