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FIGURE 4 in Bathyal ostracods from the Santa Maria di Leuca deep-water coral province (northern Ionian Sea)

FIGURE 4. Species distribution in dead assemblages "f", dead assemblages "w", and biocoenoses, per sample.

FIGURE 5 in Bathyal ostracods from the Santa Maria di Leuca deep-water coral province (northern Ionian Sea)

FIGURE 5. Specimens and species abundance per facies. (FC=Framework Coral; CR=Coral Rubble; SC/HG=Solitary Coral; GI=Gryphus and Isidella; MM=Mollusc Mud; FM=Foraminifer Mud; see also Table 1).

FIGURE 1 in Bathyal ostracods from the Santa Maria di Leuca deep-water coral province (northern Ionian Sea)

FIGURE 1. Location of the study area and Geological setting of the Apulian swell (after Savini and Corselli, 2010, modified).

FIGURE 2 in Bathyal ostracods from the Santa Maria di Leuca deep-water coral province (northern Ionian Sea)

FIGURE 2. Scheme of facies distribution in the Coral mounds (FC=Framework Coral; CR=Coral Rubble; SC=Solitary Corals; GI=Gryphus and Isidella elongata; MM=Mollusc Mud; FM=Foraminifer Mud; see also Table 1; after Rosso et al., 2010, modified).

FIGURE 6. 1 in Bathyal ostracods from the Santa Maria di Leuca deep-water coral province (northern Ionian Sea)

FIGURE 6. 1, Bairdoppilata conformis (Terquem, 1878). PMC. O FS 16. RV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 500 µm); 2, Bythocypris obtusata (Sars, 1866). PMC. O FS 17. LV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 500 µm); 3, Anchistrocheles tenera (Breman, 1975). PMC. O FS 18. LV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 200 µm); 4, Macropyxis adriatica (Breman, 1975). PMC. O FS 19. LV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 500 µm); 5, Argilloecia acuminata Müller, 1894. PMC. O FS 20. RV, internal lateral view (scale bar equals 100 µm); 6, Krithe monosteracensis (Seguenza, 1880). PMC. O FS 21. RV, internal lateral view (trasparency, scale bar equals 250 µm); 7, Echinocythereis echinata Sars, 1866. PMC. O FS 22. RV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 500 µm); 8, Henryhowella ex H. hirta (Costa, 1853) group. PMC. O FS 23. LV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 200 µm); 9, Bathycythere vanstraateni Sissingh, 1971. PMC. O FS 24. RV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 200 µm); 10, Cytheropteron hadriaricum Bonaduce et al., 1975. PMC. O FS 25. RV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 100 µm); 11, Cytheropteron testudo Sars, 1869. PMC. O FS 26. RV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 200 µm); 12, Pseudocythere caudata Sars, 1866. PMC. O FS 27. LV, external lateral view (scale bar equals 200 µm); 13, Monoceratina mediterranea Sissingh, 1971. PMC. O FS 28. RV, external lateral view (scale equals bar 200 µm); 14, Paradoxostoma simile Müller, 1894. PMC. O FS 29. LV, internal lateral view (trasparency, scale bar equals 200 µm). (PMC. O FS 16–29 = Paleontological Museum Catania. Ostracoda Figured Specimens number 16 to 29. RV = right valve; LV = left valve).

FIG. 4. — Hyalopomatus madreporae n in New species of Hyalopomatus Marenzeller, 1878 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from Recent Mediterranean deep-water coral mounds and comments on some congeners

FIG. 4. — Hyalopomatus madreporae n. sp. (sample AP01): A, very weak round thickenings occurring on the distal part of the tube; B, micromorphology of the outer tube surface showing the cryptocrystalline amorphous covering and very weak lines of growth; C, proximal tube part attached on the bryozoan Tessaradoma boreale (Busk, 1860) with a disruption at the beginning of raised portion; D, E, close-up of the edge disruption showing no evidence of breakage as testified by the all over covering of the cryptocrystalline amorphous coat; F, longitudinal section of the tube wall displaying a unique layered tube wall; arrow indicates growth direction; G, cross-section of the tube wall with prismatic crystals criss-cross arranged; note the structure partially obliterated by an organic matter. Scale bars: A, 200 μm; B, D, E, 5 μm; C, 300 μm; F, G, 10 μm.

FIG. 3. — Hyalopomatus madreporae n in New species of Hyalopomatus Marenzeller, 1878 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from Recent Mediterranean deep-water coral mounds and comments on some congeners

FIG. 3. — Hyalopomatus madreporae n. sp. (sample AP01): A, dead branch of the scleractinian Madrepora oculata (Linnaeus, 1758) heavily encrusted by epizoans among which H. madreporae n. sp. (arrows); B, holotype, a complete tube on a M. oculata branch; note the juvenile portion of the attached part of the tube partially encrusting an hydrozoan growing on the coral; C, holotype, close-up of the tube junction at the encrusting-erect parts boundary; D, holotype, slightly disjoined articulation to show the inner chitinous layer inside the tube. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 1 mm; C, 300 μm; D, 100 μm.

FIG. 2. — Hyalopomatus madreporae n in New species of Hyalopomatus Marenzeller, 1878 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from Recent Mediterranean deep-water coral mounds and comments on some congeners

FIG. 2. — Hyalopomatus madreporae n. sp.: A, tubes encrusting an hydrozoan stalk (sample CR55); B, tubes inside a Madrepora oculata (Linnaeus, 1758) dead calice (sample AP01); C, an incomplete tube partially encrusting the erect flexible colony of the bryozoan Scrupocellaria delilii (Audouin, 1826) (sample AP01); D, tube distal parts delivered from muddy bottoms adjacent the coral bioconstructions (sample AP01); E, detail of the distal end showing weak round thickenings,the aperture is perfectly round and without peristomes (sample AP01). Scale bars: A, D, 1 mm; B, C, 500 μm; E, 200 μm.

FIG. 5. — A-D in New species of Hyalopomatus Marenzeller, 1878 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from Recent Mediterranean deep-water coral mounds and comments on some congeners

FIG. 5. — A-D, Hyalopomatus claparedii Marenzeller, 1878; A, an entire tube growing on Isidella elongata (Esper, 1788) (sample BIOICE 2403); B, detail of an interruption characterized by a regular unbroken edge (sample BIOICE 2410); C, close-up of a tube junction showing the inner chitinous layer (sample BIOICE 2410); D, completely smooth tube with weakly evident spaced circular areas corresponding to a less dense outer covering (sample BIOICE 2410); E-H, Hyalopomatus marenzelleri Langerhans, 1884; E, tube (sample BIOICE 2364); F, distal part of the tube showing an obvious rough surface (sample BIOICE 2697); G, strong growth ridges along the tube (sample BIOICE 2697); H, close-up of a tube interruption with a regular unbroken edge still preserving the inner chitinous layer (sample BIOICE 2697). Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; B, C, 100 μm; D, 200 μm; F, 400 μm; G, 300 μm; H, 500 μm.

FIG. 6. — A, B, D, E in New species of Hyalopomatus Marenzeller, 1878 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from Recent Mediterranean deep-water coral mounds and comments on some congeners

FIG. 6. — A, B, D, E, Hyalopomatus claparedii Marenzeller, 1878; C, F, H. marenzelleri Langerhans,1884; A, B, micromorphology of outer surface consisting of a film of very small crystals forming an amorphous cryptocrystalline coat (A); locally (B) crystals are less densely packed, the inner crystals of the wall becoming partially evident (sample BIOICE 2410); C, micromorphology of the outer surface; crystals show a squat prismatic habitus, completely lacking in amorphous covering (sample BIOICE 2364); D, longitudinal section of the tube wall, arrow indicates growth direction (sample BIOICE 2364); E, transversal section of the tube wall, crystals of prismatic habitus are evident, arranged in a criss-cross homogeneous microcrystalline structure (sample BIOICE 2364); F, ultrastructure of the tube wall consisting of layers dipping towards the opening, arrow indicates growth direction. Scale bars: A, B, 5 μm; C, 40 μm; D, E, 10 μm; F, 20 μm.

Fig. 5 in Aretopsis sandybrucei, a new deep-water shrimp (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Coral Sea

Fig. 5. Bottom trawl haul contents of KANADEEP Sta. CP4958 (Argo Bank), collection locality of one of the paratypes of Aretopsis sandybrucei sp. nov. A. General view of haul contents, with black arrows pointing to several hermit crabs (Paguridae). B–C. Hermit crab, possibly Diacanthurus sp. (Paguridae), carrying a large gastropod shell also harbouring a sea anemone. D. Two hermit crabs of the family Paguridae. Photographs by Dr Sarah Samadi.

Fig. 3 in Aretopsis sandybrucei, a new deep-water shrimp (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Coral Sea

Fig. 3. Aretopsis sandybrucei sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (cl 5.31 mm) from Capel Bank, Coral Sea (MNHN-IU-2017-2924). A. Second pereiopod, lateral view. B. Third pereiopod, lateral view. C. Fourth pereiopod, lateral view. D. Fifth pereiopod, lateral view. E. Same, distal portion of propodus and dactylus, mesial view.

Fig. 1 in Aretopsis sandybrucei, a new deep-water shrimp (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Coral Sea

Fig. 1. Aretopsis sandybrucei sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (cl 5.31 mm) from Capel Bank, Coral Sea (MNHN-IU-2017-2924). A. Anterior part of carapace and right cephalic appendages, lateral view. B. Same, dorsal view. C. Pleon, lateral view. D. Posterior portion of sixth pleonite, telson and uropods, dorsal view E. Telson and left uropod, lateral view.

Fig. 2 in Aretopsis sandybrucei, a new deep-water shrimp (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Coral Sea

Fig. 2. Aretopsis sandybrucei sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (cl 5.31 mm) from Capel Bank, Coral Sea (MNHN-IU-2017-2924). A. Third maxilliped, lateral view. B. Right (major) cheliped, lateral view. C. Same, distal portion of carpus and chela, dorsolateral view. D. Same, distal portion of merus, carpus and chela, mesial view. E. Left (minor) cheliped, dorsolateral view. F. Same, chela fingers open, lateral view. G. Same, chela, mesial view.

Fig. 4 in Aretopsis sandybrucei, a new deep-water shrimp (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Coral Sea

Fig. 4. Aretopsis sandybrucei sp. nov., paratype, ovigerous ♀ (cl 6.58 mm) from Argo Bank, Coral Sea (MNHN-IU-2017-2770), shrimp missing right (minor) cheliped, photographed shortly after collection. A. Right lateral view. B. Left lateral view. C. Dorsal view. Photographs by Dr. Sarah Samadi.

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Climate change effects on deep-water corals – habitat suitability model input data

<p>Deep-water corals are protected in the seas around New Zealand by legislation that prohibits intentional damage and removal, and by marine protected areas where bottom trawling is prohibited. However, these measures do not protect them from the impacts of a changing climate and ocean acidification. To enable adequate future protection from these threats we require knowledge of the present distribution of corals and the environmental conditions that determine their preferred habitat, as well as the likely future changes in these conditions, so that we can identify areas for potential refugia.</p> <p>In this study, we built habitat suitability models for 12 taxa of deep-water corals using a comprehensive set of sample data and predicted present and future seafloor environmental conditions from an earth system model specifically tailored for the South Pacific. These models predicted that for most taxa there will be substantial shifts in the location of the most suitable habitat and decreases in the area of such habitat by the end of the 21st century, driven primarily by decreases in seafloor oxygen concentrations, shoaling of aragonite and calcite saturation horizons, and increases in nitrogen concentrations. The current network of protected areas in the region appear to provide little protection for most coral taxa, as there is little overlap with areas of highest habitat suitability, either in the present or the future. We recommend an urgent re-examination of the spatial distribution of protected areas for deep-water corals in the region, utilising spatial planning software that can balance protection requirements against value from fishing and mineral resources, take into account the current status of the coral habitats after decades of bottom trawling, and consider connectivity pathways for colonisation of corals into potential refugia.</p>

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FIGURE 3 in Bathyal ostracods from the Santa Maria di Leuca deep-water coral province (northern Ionian Sea)

FIGURE 3. Ostracod distribution per samples.