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333 results for “demography”
Demography and Morphology of Ericaceous Species on a Sand Plain in Montague MA 1994-1996
The study was a demographic analysis of Gaultheria procumbens conducted on the Montague Sand Plain. It compared the demographic parameters of above-ground stems between plowed and unplowed areas within scrub oak and hardwood sites. Past land use can have long-term effects on plant species distributional patterns if alterations in resources and environmental conditions have persistent effects on population demography ("environmental change") and/or if plants are intrinsically limited in their colonisation ability ("historical factors"). We evaluated the role of environmental alteration versus historical factors in controlling distributional patterns in Gaultheria procumbens (L.), a woody, clonal, understorey species with a pronounced restriction to areas that have never been ploughed and near absence from adjoining areas that were ploughed in the 19th century. The demographic study was conducted in scrub oak and hardwood plant communities on an extensive sand plain where it was possible to control for the effect of variation in environment prior to land use.
Pika demography data for west knoll and Indian Peaks wilderness, 2008 - ongoing.
Pikas are captured, anesthetized, marked with colored ear-tags, non-lethally sampled, and released at point of capture during June-October. Study sites include a gradient of elevation and slope aspect, allowing a comparative study of pika response to variation in climate and sub-surface microclimate. Daily variation in snow cover and sub-surface temperatures are measured using data loggers placed within the territories of marked pikas. Focal territories are revisited at least once to characterize available vegetation via transect sampling and at least annually to service data loggers and record pika survival. Samples collected for genetic and physiological studies include ectoparasites, blood, saliva, urine, feces and hair as well as records of sex, stage, reproductive status, weight, foot length and body temperature.
Demography of Sarracenia Purpurea in Massachusetts and Vermont 1997-2021
The northern pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea is a model system for forecasting extinction risk in the face of environmental change. We have monitored demographic variables of two mapped cohorts of S. purpurea in ombrotrophic bogs of northern New England from 1997-2005 (Hawley Bog, Massachusetts) and 1997-present (Molly Bog, Vermont). Growth, survivorship, and reproduction are in close balance, and matrix-models with four life stages (seeds, seedlings/juvenile plants, non-flowering adult plants, flowering adults) predicted population growth rates close to zero, with long doubling times. To further assess seed-to-seedling transitions, we measured and weighed Sarracenia seeds, and conducted a greenhouse experiment on density-dependent dynamics of newly germinated seedlings of S. purpurea.
Forest Inventory for Tree Demography and Carbohydrate Reserves at Harvard Forest 2009-2011
The objective of this study is to establish a network of forest plots spanning the eastern U.S. focused on understanding how regional scale climate patterns affect patterns of tree demography (e.g. growth, mortality, dieback). Within each research site we also aim to understand the landscape-scale variability in demographic rates and how these rates are affected by edaphic variables by aligning plots along primary environmental gradients (elevation, soils, hydrology, fire return interval). The demographic data obtained will also be compared to regional and landscape-scale patterns in carbon reserves in adults and sapling by sampling root and stem concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) and relate these to demographic patterns, life-history traits, and plant C:N ratios. Besides addressing important ecological questions directly, this study is designed to improve the representations of vegetation dynamics and carbohydrate reserves in regional and landscape-scale forest ecosystem models--two of the least data-constrained processes in such models--by parameterizing and validating the modules for these processes in the Ecosystem Demography model (ED v2.1). This data set contains two years of census data for eight mapped plots distributed across Harvard Forest along the aforementioned primary environmental gradients.
Six years of demography data for 11 reef coral species
<p>Scleractinian corals are colonial animals with a range of life history strategies that make up diverse species assemblages that contribute to coral reef growth. We tagged and tracked approximately 30 colonies from each of 11 species for six years (2009-2015) in order to measure their vital rates and competitive interactions on the reef crest at Trimodal Reef, Lizard Island, Australia. Pairs of species were chosen from five growth forms (massive [<em>Goniastrea pectinata </em>and <em>G. retiformis</em>], digitate [<em>Acropora humilis</em> and <em>A. cf. digitifera</em>], corymbose [<em>A. millepora</em> and <em>A. nasuta</em>], tabular [<em>A. cytherea</em> and <em>A. hyacinthus</em>] and arborescent [<em>A. robusta</em> and <em>A. intermedia</em>]) where one species of the pair was locally rare and the other abundant. (An extra corymbose species, <em>A. spathulata</em> was included when it became apparent that <em>A. millepora</em> was too rare to work with on the reef crest, making the 11 species in total.) The tagged colonies were visited each year in the weeks prior to mass spawning. During visits, photographs were taken by two or more observers from directly above and on the horizontal plane with a scale plate to track planar area. Dead or missing colonies were recorded and new colonies tagged in order to maintain approximately 30 colonies per species throughout the six years of the study. In addition to tracking tagged corals, 30 fragments were collected from neighboring untagged colonies of each species for counting numbers of eggs per polyp (fecundity); and fragments of untagged colonies were brought into the laboratory where spawned eggs were collected for size and energy measurements. We also conducted surveys at the study site to generate size structure data for each species in several of the years. Each tagged colony photograph was digitized by at least two people. Therefore, we could examine sources of error in planar area for both photographers and outliners. Competitive interactions were recorded for a subset of species by measuring the margins of tagged colony outlines interacting with neighboring corals. The study was abruptly ended by Tropical Cyclone Nathan that killed all but nine of the over 300 tagged colonies in early 2015. Nonetheless, these data will be of use to other researchers interested in coral demography and coexistence, functional ecology, and parametrizing population, community and ecosystem models.</p>
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Oak seedling demography, 2011 - ongoing
This data set was built from a larger data set of marked northern red oak seedlings surveyed from 2011-2023. In this data set, only seedlings marked in their year of germination with full environmental and seedlings measures were kept (N = 937). The data set was built for an accelerated failure time model of seedling survival that found year of germination, seedling density, shrub cover and elevation to have the largest effect on survival time. The status of the seedling acorn (attached or missing) was also important. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Simulations for: The anthropogenic imprint on temperate and boreal forest demography and carbon turnover
<p>LPJ-GUESS model output underlying analysis in:<br> Thomas A. M. Pugh, Rupert Seidl, Daijun Liu, Mats Lindeskog, Louise P. Chini, Cornelius Senf, The anthropogenic imprint on temperate and boreal forest demography and carbon turnover, Global Ecology and Biogeography. 10.1111/geb.13773</p> <p>For a full description of the simulations, please refer to the above paper. If using the data please cite this dataset and the publication above.</p> <p>Files are provided as netcdf4 files. Basic metadata is included in the headers of the individual files.</p> <p># Simulation types<br> _standard_nat_2014 -> Best estimate simulation under natural disturbance. Averaging period 2001-2014<br> _high_nat_2014 -> Upper estimate simulation under natural disturbance. Averaging period 2001-2014<br> _low_nat_2014 -> Lower estimate simulation under natural disturbance. Averaging period 2001-2014<br> _standard_nat_1990 -> Best estimate simulation under natural disturbance. Averaging period 1961-1990<br> _standard_natcc_2014 -> Best estimate simulation based on closed-canopy forest area calculations under natural disturbance. Averaging period 2001-2014<br> _standard_anthro_2014 -> Best estimate simulation under natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Averaging period 2001-2014<br> _high_anthro_2014 -> Upper estimate simulation under natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Averaging period 2001-2014<br> _low_anthro_2014 -> Lower estimate simulation under natural and anthropogenic disturbance. Averaging period 2001-2014<br> _site_recovery_Eurasia_nodist -> Site simulations for 4 Eurasian sites looking at the successional sequence. 800 years long under constant spinup environmental conditions.<br> _site_recovery_America_nodist -> Site simulations for 5 North American sites looking at the successional sequence. 800 years long under constant spinup environmental conditions.</p> <p># Variables (for units see netcdf metadata)<br> Cveg -> Live vegetation carbon<br> Clitter -> Litter carbon<br> Csoil -> Soil carbon<br> LAI -> Leaf area index<br> NPP -> Net primary productivity<br> GPP -> Gross primary productivity<br> distprob -> Natural disturbance probability<br> age -> Stand age structure<br> temprange -> Annual temperature range (based on monthly means)<br> wooddensity -> community mean wood density</p> <p>Note:<br> All nat simulations assume that forest covers the whole grid cell.<br> All anthro simulations assume that forest only covers the primary and secondary fractions of the grid cell, as defined in the LUH2 dataset, however values are given relative to the whole grid cell. I.e. value_on_forest_area * (primary_area_fraction+secondary_area_fraction).</p>
Long-term (1962-2019) tree demography on permanent plots in old-growth northern hardwood forests of the Huron Mountains, Marquette Co., Michigan.
This package contains tree demographic data from multiple remeasurements of several sets of permanent study plots in old-growth hemlock-northern hardwood forests in northern Marquette Co., Michigan. Plots were established from 1962-2001, with five to nine censuses over the study period. Plots are distributed over a large and diverse area of old-growth forests protected since ca. 1880, with no commercial management and active management limited to maintenance of trails and tracks. Most plots have not experienced stand-originating disturbances for at least 400 years (based on increment cores); three plots are in stands originating following a fire ca. 1830 ("Bourdo plots" 7094-7096). Forests are dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis); secondary species include yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), basswood (Tilia americana), and hop-hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana). Soils are variable, ranging from deep sandy outwash to thin layers of rocky till over bedrock. Mortality and diameter growth of all trees were recorded at each remeasurement. Protocols for measurement and stem-mapping are described in Methods. Several publications use some of the data included in this package -- see 'journal citations'. (identified as Kalkaska series) are developed on deep sandy glacial outwash. The plot is within a much larger region of old-growth forest, protected since ca. 1880, with only minimal disturbance associated with access tracks and trails. Numerous other forest community and dendrochronological studies support the interpretation that the area around the study plot has not experienced stand-initiating disturbance for at least 400 years. Initial mapping and measurements (1993-1995 for 2.52 ha; an additional 0.2 ha added in 1999) used a 20x20 m grid established in a near-level area of uniform substrate. All stems were identified to species, mapped on polar coordinates from the center of each grid cell (including, at first measurement, identif
SDR01 Intra-clonal stem demography of Cornus drummondii in response to fire and browsing at Konza Prairie
Intra-clonal stem density, natality, mortality, flowering and relative growth rate within discrete Cornus drummondii shrubs in response to fire frequency (4- vs 20-yr burn intervals) and simulated browsing. Tagged stems within individual shrubs were tracked and measured at the beginning and end of each growing season in 2018 and 2019 to assess the interactions of fire and browsing on stem demography.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Long-Term Coral Population and Community Dynamics: Annual Island Wide Coral Demography Survey 2011 ongoing
Demographic performance (recruitment, growth, and survival) are quantified annually for multiple individual colonies of the three most common genera (Acropora, Pocillopora, Porites) at both backreef and forereef sites. Each coral was tagged in 2011 and subsequently sampled again in 2012 to track colony growth and mortality dynamics. However, since 2013, investigators have transitioned to identifying coral through detailed mapping methodology and will continue to identify corals using this method in the subsequent years. The mapping system developed in 2013 provides data appropriate for detailed demographic study of coral on varying spatial scales around the island. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2022). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Density-dependent demography of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) along grass-shrub ecotones.
The encroachment of woody plants into grasslands is a global phenomenon with implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function. Understanding and predicting the pace of expansion and the underlying processes that control it are key challenges in the study and management of woody encroachment. Theory from spatial population biology predicts that the occurrence and speed of population expansion should depend sensitively on the nature of conspecific density dependence. If fitness is maximized at the low-density encroachment edge then shrub expansion should be "pulled" forward. However, encroaching shrubs have been shown to exhibit positive feedbacks, whereby shrub establishment modifies the environment in ways that facilitate further shrub recruitment and survival. In this case there may be a fitness cost to shrubs at low density causing expansion to be "pushed" from behind the leading edge. We studied the spatial dynamics of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), which has a history of encroachment into Chihuahuan Desert grasslands over the past century. We used demographic data from observational censuses and seedling transplant experiments to test the strength and direction of density dependence in shrub fitness along a gradient of shrub density at the grass-shrub ecotone. We also used seed-drop experiments and wind data to construct a mechanistic seed dispersal kernel, then connected demography and dispersal data within a spatial integral projection model (SIPM) to predict the dynamics of shrub expansion. The SIPM predicted that, contrary to expectations based on potential for positive feedbacks, the shrub encroachment wave is "pulled" by maximum fitness at the low-density front. However, the predicted pace of expansion was strikingly slow (ca. 8 cm/yr), and this prediction was supported by independent re-surveys of the ecotone showing little to no change in spatial extent of shrub cover over 12 years. Encroachment speed was acutely sensitive to seedling recruitment,
Towards new demography proxies and regional chronologies: Radiocarbon dates from archaeological contexts located in the Czech Republic covering the period between 10,000 BC and AD 1250 (dataset)
<p>The dataset was created within the project “<em>Land use, social transformations and woodland in Central European Prehistory. Modelling approaches to human-environment interactions</em>” funded by the Czech Science Foundation (19-20970Y). This dataset represents the largest and the most comprehensive collection of archaeological radiocarbon dates from the Czech Republic to date. The dataset offers 1579 samples from 347 archaeological sites dating from Early Mesolithic (10 000 BC) to Medieval Period (AD 1250). Published in a simple spreadsheet format, the database offers researchers a quick tool for further analyses. It is important to highlight that dates we collected originated only from archaeological contexts, which means that we have excluded some radiocarbon dates produced through palaeoecological research without a direct relationship to past human activities, such as pollen records or samples from fossilized trees in river beds. The dataset is intended to be used for demographic modelling of population numbers during periods without written records, i.e. prehistory.</p>
MIRA-KG: A Knowledge Graph of Hypotheses and Findings for Social Demography Research
<p>A shift in scientific publishing from paper-based to knowledge-based practices promotes reproducibility, machine actionability and knowledge discovery. This is important for disciplines like social science, as study indicators are often social constructs such as race or education; hypothesis tests are challenging to compare in demographic research due to their limited temporal and spatial coverage; and natural language in research papers is often imprecise and ambiguous. Therefore, we present the MIRA-KG, consisting of: (1) an ontology for capturing social demography research, which links hypotheses and findings to evidence, (2) annotations of papers on health inequality in terms of the ontology, gathered by (i) prompting a Large Language Model to annotate paper abstracts using the ontology, (ii) mapping concepts to terms from NCBO BioPortal ontologies and GeoNames, and (iii) refining the final graph by a set of SHACL constraints, developed according to data quality criteria. The utility of the resource lies in its use for formally representing social demography research hypotheses, discovering research biases, discovery of knowledge, and the derivation of novel questions.<br><br>This dataset was generated using the code available on Github at <a href="https://w3id.org/mira/">https://w3id.org/mira/</a> at version v1.0. It uses the following ontology: <a href="https://w3id.org/mira/ontology/">https://w3id.org/mira/ontology/</a>. </p>
Data from: Multifaceted density dependence: Social structure and seasonality effects on Serengeti lion demography
<p>This dataset contains the data and R scripts to estimate the survival, transition, and detection probabilities (Lions_Survival_Transition_MultistateCMRModel.zip) as well as the probability of reproduction and recruitment to 1 year old (Lions_Reproduction_Recruitment_GLMM.zip) in a population of African lions (<em>Panthera leo</em>) monitored between 1984 and 2014 in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.</p> <p>We assessed the season-specific effects of density measures at the intra- (number of females in a pride and male coalition size) and extra-group levels (number of nomadic coalitions in the home range of a group) using a Bayesian multistate capture-mark-recapture model for the survival and transition rates and Bayesian generalized linear mixed models for reproduction probability and recruitment. <br><br>The README file further describes each uploaded file.</p>
University of Kansas Field Station: Forest demography, 1980 – 2015. On ten study plots established on three management units all live trees with a dbh > 7.5 cm (3 in) were identified to species, measured, and tagged. Trees were initially measured in 1980/1981 and re-measured in three successive time periods: 1993/95; 2002/03; and 2014/15. Trees will be measured again in 2025/26.
In 1980 researchers at the University of Kansas initiated a long-term experiment monitoring the composition of oak-hickory forest communities at the University’s field station near Lawrence, Kansas. The purpose of the study was to determine how forest species composition varied temporally across distinct habitats that varied in topography, elevation, sun exposure, management history and successional stage. Ten permanent sites were sampled approximately each decade with data collection periods of 1980/81, 1993/95, 2002/03, and 2014/15. Trees with a minimum diameter at breast height (dbh) of ≥ 7.5 cm were tagged, identified to species and measured. Trees will be measured again in 2025/26.
Seedling Dynamics Demography Data, from the Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot, Ecuador, 2002-2019
Seedling demography data are provided in annual censuses of 600 seedling plots in an equatorial, ever-wet rainforest in eastern Ecuador, in Yasuní National Park. This long-term study uses standardized methodology from the Smithsonian ForestGEO network of plots, and in particular coordination with similar studies in Luquillo, Puerto Rico, and Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We address hypotheses about the maintenance of forest diversity and long-term variation, and link our data to companion studies of flowering and fruiting phenology and sapling and adult dynamics in the Yasuní Forest Dynamics 50-ha Plot. The project is ongoing, and additional data will be added as they are processed.
White Spruce Seedling Demography and Browsing by Snowshoe Hares Inside and Outside the Moose-spruce Exclosures located along the Tanana River
This study started in September 2002 focused on the indirect effect of moose browsing on white spruce regeneration on the Tanana River floodplain. Twelve exclosures (7m X 10m, 2m high), with adjacent control plots of the same size, were constructed using chain-link fence panels. Exclosures were located along the Tanana River between FP 1A and FP 1C and instrumented with Hobo Microstations for monitoring of soil and air temperature, relative humidity, and PAR. Browsing effects on deciduous vegetation (biomass removal and canopy height) and soil properties were analyzed in relation to the performance (germination, growth and biochemistry) of planted white spruce seeds and seedlings (n=98/exclosure). Additionally, direct browsing by snowshoe hares on spruce seedlings (growth and survival) was evaluated in relation to canopy cover and terrace age. The study is ongoing. White spruce seedling height, basal diameter, browsing history, and survival were measured inside and outside the ten remaining paired exclosure and control plots located along the Tanana River floodplain in the summer of 2014.
White spruce seedling demography and browsing by snowshoe hares inside and outside the large herbivore exclosures located along the Tanana River, summer 2014
White spruce seedling height, age, basal diameter, browsing history, and density were measured inside and outside the seven remaining paired exclosure and control plots located along the Tanana River floodplain in the summer of 2014.
White spruce seedling demography and browsing by snowshoe hares was measured at 12 locations along the Tanana River, summer 2014
Herbivores have the capacity to modify plant community composition and ecosystem structure and function via browsing. For example, moose and snowshoe hare facilitate succession in Alaska's boreal forest by preferentially browsing early successional species over late successional conifers. Snowshoe hares also eat conifers, including white spruce, and this browsing may affect the pattern of spruce establishment over time. We measured over 800 spruce at 18 locations along the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska, USA and demonstrated that the proportion of spruce browsed annually positively correlates with annual hare abundance.
White spruce demography and herbivory by snowshoe hares measured along elevational gradients in Denali National Park I - Site Data
Treelines in Alaska are advancing in elevation and latitude because of climate warming, which is expanding the habitat available for boreal wildlife species, including snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). Snowshoe hares are already present in tall shrub communities beyond treeline and are the main browser of white spruce (Picea glauca), the dominant tree species at treeline in Alaska. We investigated the processes involved in a 'snowshoe hare filter' to white spruce establishment near treeline in Denali National Park. Because multiple factors interact to influence browsing of spruce, including the hare cycle, snow depth and the characteristics of surrounding vegetation, we collected an array of site variables relevant to spruce-hare interactions in Denali National Park, Alaska. Site variables collected included elevation, landscape position, vegetative cover, and the density of white spruce seedlings, saplings and trees.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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