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39 results for “dependency management”
Data from: Deer-mediated ecosystem service vs. disservice depends on forest management intensity
MANUSCRIPT ABSTRACT <p>As global terrestrial biodiversity declines via land-use intensification, society has placed increasing value on non-commercial species as providers of ecosystem services. Yet, many deer species and non-crop plants are perceived negatively when they decrease crop productivity, leading to reduced economic gains and human-wildlife conflict. We hypothesized that deer provide an ecosystem service in forest plantations by controlling competition and promoting crop-tree growth, although the effects of herbivory may depend on forest management intensity. If management negatively affects foraging habitat at local and landscape scales, then we expected browsing to shift to less-palatable crop trees. To test these hypotheses, we established a 5-year experiment that manipulated early forest management intensity via herbicide treatments and access of two deer species to vegetation via exclosures. Contrary to our hypothesis, deer provided an ecosystem service at high management intensities and a disservice occurred with low-intensity management. Crop-tree growth and survival was greatest when herbivory and herbicides suppressed broadleaf regeneration. In contrast, crop-tree growth was lowest when broadleaf vegetation was retained and crop-trees were subject to both browse damage and competition. We found a positive, yet variable, association between deer detections and stand- and landscape-scale broadleaf habitat, and despite initial reductions in forage, herbivory pressure was similar among management intensities. When broadleaf vegetation was suppressed by herbicides and herbivory, selection of herbaceous forage by deer intensified, likely aiding in the service. Overall, our findings indicate that the effects of vegetation management for promoting timber production are highly dependent on the presence of large herbivores.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Although deer are thought to reduce crop productivity in many systems, we found that herbivory switched from reducing crop tree growth where non-crop vegetation was retained, to promoting crop tree growth when both herbivory and herbicides suppressed competing vegetation. However, the provision of this ecosystem service is likely contingent on the amount of forage available in the landscape and subsequent foraging pressure. We conclude that nature's capacity to provide ecosystem services depends on the intensity of management at local and landscape scales.</p>
Figure 1 in Developing biosecurity plans for non-native species in marine dependent areas: the role of legislation, risk management and stakeholder engagement
Figure 1. Five-stage approach for risk assessment management of NNS in Shetland, adapted from the ecosystem-based risk management framework (Cormier et al. 2013).
Data from: Deer-mediated ecosystem service vs. disservice depends on forest management intensity
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Data and R code for “Tree regeneration response to a shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal association and age”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has led to an increase in N cycling and N availability. This increase in inorganic N is likely to impact forest ecosystems, although the responses remain uncertain. Most tree species are associated with one of two mycorrhiza types – arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (ECM). Due to functional differences in their ability to access soil nutrients, we might expect that increased N cycling and availability of inorganic N would benefit AM associated species, with negative or neutral impact for ECM associated species. This study addresses how the abundance of the regeneration layer responds to those shifting soil conditions, based on their mycorrhizal association. We used a long-term experiment located in a temperate deciduous forest, where the native acidic soils are low in nutrients. Soil treatments began in 2009, by adding lime and/or phosphate to raise pH and increase the availability of N and P. All trees ≥ 6.0 cm in 2010 were tagged and have been monitored with annual censuses. To quantity the density of the regeneration layer, seedlings and saplings were recorded in the control and limed plots in 2019. Trees that had recruited into the canopy (DBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were measured in 2020 in all treatment plots. Seedlings older than one year responded to the treatments as predicted, as AM seedlings increased by 42% in the lime treatment (1.53 ± 0.38 individuals per m2 in control, to 2.17 ± 0.56 in lime) and ECM seedlings decreased by 49% in response to liming (0.61 ± 0.14 individuals per m2 in control, to 0.31 ± 0.04 in lime). AM saplings also responded positively to liming, increasing 254% from control to lime (from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.046 ± 0.018 individuals per m2), while ECM sapling abundance was neutral (0.063 ± 0.015 individuals per m2 in control, and 0.054 ± 0.009 in lime). The highest number of ECM recruits was found in the control plots (34.4%), followed by phosphate (25.8%), lime + phosphate (21.5%), then lime (18.3%).
Can we manage a future with more fire? Effectiveness of defensible space treatment depends on housing amount and configuration
Context: Fire in forested wildland urban interface (WUI) landscapes is increasing throughout the western United States. Spatial patterns of fuels treatments affect fire behavior, but it is unclear how fire risk and fuel treatment effectiveness will change under future conditions. Objectives: (1) How do area burned, forest and fuel characteristics, and fire risk change over time under 21st-century climate? (2) When defensible space fuels treatments are applied around all houses, which scenarios of WUI housing amount and configuration minimize fire risk? Methods: In generic 10,000-ha US Northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forest landscapes, we simulated 21 scenarios differing in fuels treatment, housing amount and configuration (neutral landscape models), and projected future climate using the process-based model iLand. We compared fire risk at three scales: 1-ha home ignition zone (HIZ), 9-ha safe suppression zone (SSZ), and landscape. Results: Under warm-dry climate, annual area burned increased, but area burned at high fire intensity peaked in the 2060s and then declined sharply; fire risk followed similar trends. Defensible space treatments maintained low flame lengths in HIZs. Clustered housing was more effective at reducing SSZ risk compared to dispersed housing. At landscape scales, treating more of the landscape reduced fire risk but configuration was unimportant. Conclusions: The most effective strategy for reducing fire risk depends on the scale at which risk is assessed. Clustering WUI developments and treating between 10 to 30% of the landscape every 10 years can reduce fire risk across multiple scales.
Data from: Phase-dependent red fox expansion into the tundra: Implications for management
<p>Expansion of boreal species into tundra ecosystems is a consequence of climate change and human exploitation that threatens local species through increased predation, competition, and pathogen transmission. Under these circumstances, efficient control of expanding boreal species may be necessary, but the efficiency of such action depends on understanding the ecological influences of expansion. The red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) is expanding into the tundra across the Arctic. In Scandinavia, red foxes threaten local tundra species and communities including the endangered Arctic fox (<em>V. lagopus</em>). The ecological dynamics in the tundra are influenced by small rodent cycles (classified into different phases based on seasonal abundance fluctuations), which can affect red fox expansion, distribution, and abundance. We used a 17-year (2004–2020) dataset from the tundra in Sweden, consisting of raw snow track data, to test how cyclic prey influenced red fox distribution and abundance, and subsequently red fox control. The winter abundance of red fox was influenced by small rodent phase, with higher abundance during high prey availability (i.e., increased number of prey numbers) with no support for a time lag between red fox and small rodent abundance. This suggests that high prey availability attracts red foxes to the tundra and that higher immigration from the boreal zone can be expected in response to increased prey abundances. There was no relationship between red fox control and small rodent availability, but control was influenced by red fox abundance during the previous year, which highlights an opportunistic control strategy. We recommend an adaptive management strategy where authorities include small rodent dynamics in the planning and execution of red fox control.</p>
Biodiversity effects on grape quality depend on variety and management intensity
<p>Interactions between plants can be beneficial, detrimental or neutral. In agricultural systems competition between crop and spontaneous vegetation is a major concern. We evaluated the relative support for three non-exclusive ecological hypotheses about interactions between crop and spontaneous plants based on competition, complementarity or facilitation.</p> <p>The study was conducted in Swiss vineyards with different vegetation management intensities. Thirty-three vineyards planted with two different grape varieties were studied over 3 years to determine whether low-intensity vegetation management might provide benefits for grape quality parameters. Management intensity varied with the degree of control of spontaneous inter-row vegetation. Features of spontaneous vegetation measured included total cover, total species richness and abundance of nitrogen fixing plants. Grape quality parameters of known importance to wine-making (yeast assimilable nitrogen, sugars, tartric acid, and malic acid) were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Using structural equation modeling, we evaluated hypotheses about the multivariate responses of grape quality parameters as well as the direct and indirect (plant-mediated) effects of management. </p> <p>Observed effects of management differed between grape varieties. Management intensity and abundance of N-fixing plants significantly influenced grape quality parameters, while total richness of spontaneous plants did not have detectable effects. Abundance of N-fixing plants was enhanced by low-intensity management resulting in increased N content in the red grape variety (<i>Pinot noir</i>), potentially enhancing grape quality, while measured soil N content did not explain the increase.</p> <p>Synthesis: Our study shows that crop quality can be enhanced by spontaneous plants, in this case by the abundance of a key functional group (N-fixers), most likely through plant-plant or plant-microbe facilitation. However, beneficial interactions may have a high specificity in terms of facilitation partners and may have contrasting effects at low taxonomic resolutions such as crop varieties. Generally increasing plant biodiversity in agricultural systems may increase competition with crops. Thus, the identification of suitable interaction partners and a careful balance between crop variety and spontaneous plant species may be necessary to utilize beneficial interactions and to reduce the trade-off between agricultural production and biodiversity to achieve a sustainable ecological benefit in agricultural systems.</p>
Dependency Management Bots in Open-Source Systems - Prevalence and Adoption
<p>This is a re-analysis package for the paper: Dependency Management Bots in Open-Source Systems - Prevalence and Adoption. The package includes scripts and processed data collected from GitHub about five investigated dependency management bots: Dependabot, Depfu, Greenkeeper, Pyup and Renovate.</p>
Extended-release Naltrexone and Care Management for Alcohol Dependent Frequent Emergency Department Users
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02445339. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Bupropion-Enhanced Contingency Management (CM) for Cocaine Dependence
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02111798. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Inter-seasonal nitrogen loss with drought depends on fertilizer management in a semi-natural Australian grassland
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Data from: Phase-dependent red fox expansion into the tundra: Implications for management
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Biodiversity effects on grape quality depend on variety and management intensity
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Data from: A quantitative review of density-dependent growth and survival in salmonids: biological mechanisms, methodological biases, and management implications
<p>Understanding the complex variation in patterns of density-dependent individual growth and survival across populations is critical to adaptive fisheries management, but the extent to which this variation is caused by biological or methodological differences is unclear. Consequently, we conducted a correlational meta-analysis of published literature to investigate the relative importance of methodological and biological predictors on the shape and strength of density-dependent individual growth and survival in salmonids. We obtained 160 effect sizes from 75 studies of 12 species conducted between 1977-2019 that differed in experimental approach (sensu Hurlbert, 1984; 65 laboratory experiments, 60 observational field studies, and 35 field experiments). The experimental approach was the strongest factor influencing the strength of density-dependence across studies: density-dependent survival was stronger than growth in field observational studies, whereas laboratory experiments detected stronger density-dependent growth than survival. The difference between density-dependent growth and survival was minimal in field experiments, and between lotic and lentic habitats. The shape of density-dependence (logarithmic, linear, exponential, or density-independent) could be predicted with 66.7% accuracy based solely on the experimental approach and the density gradient (highest/lowest*100) of the study. Overall, the strength and shape of density-dependence were primarily influenced by methodological predictors, while biological factors (predator presence, food abundance, and species) had predictable but modest effects. For both empirical studies and adaptive fisheries management, we recommend using field experiments with a density gradient of at least 460% to detect the proper shape of the density-dependent response, or accounting for potential biases if observational or laboratory studies are conducted.</p>
The Brokers in a Dependency Ecosystem: An Empirical Study on using Package Managers
<p>A package manager (PM) is crucial to most technology stacks, acting as a broker to ensure that a verified dependency package is correctly installed, configured, or removed from an application. Diversity in technology stacks has led to dozens of PMs with various features. While recent studies have shown that developers struggle to migrate their dependencies, the common assumption is that PMs broker dependencies without any issues. In this paper, we would like to explore issues faced by developers when using PMs through an empirical study of content on Stack Overflow (SO). Through a quantitative analysis of 470,806 posts related to 16 PMs, we first determine the importance of PM-related posts and extract topics contained in these posts. We then carry out a qualitative analysis of 1,131 posts related to the Maven, npm, and NuGet dependency ecosystems to analyze questions, underlying causes and their resolutions. Our results confirm that developers tend to struggle with PMs. The choice of PM affects their user experience, as questions are likely to arise from lack of instructions and error messages. We find that PM-related posts are not likely to get resolved, with only 40% to 50% having an accepted answer. Our work further lays out a road-map to investigate the trade-off between design features to understand what an ideal PM would look like.</p>
Data from: Age‐dependent habitat relationships of a burned forest specialist emphasise the role of pyrodiversity in fire management
1. Variation in fire characteristics, termed pyrodiversity, plays an important role in structuring post-fire communities, but little is known about the importance of pyrodiversity for individual species. The availability of diverse post-fire habitats may be key for fire-associated species if they require different resources at different life history stages. 2. We tested for age-specific habitat relationships in the black-backed woodpecker, a post-fire specialist. We used radio-telemetry to track fledgling and adult woodpeckers in burned forests and built resource selection functions to compare the effect of stand-, tree-, and snag-level covariates between adults and fledglings. 3. Fledgling black-backed woodpeckers selected habitat with more live trees than adults, and used more heterogeneous habitats burned at lower severity, illustrating strong age-dependent effects on habitat selection. Within selected stands, fledglings were less likely to use snags and more likely to use live trees when compared to adults, but both age classes showed strong positive selection for larger-diameter trees (live and dead). Over the 60 days after leaving their nests, fledglings showed an increasing propensity to use snags rather than live trees. 4. Our results provide evidence that the predation–starvation hypothesis, which posits a trade-off between foraging efficiency and the need to minimize predation risk, plays a role in structuring the age-dependent habitat use of a burned forest specialist. Adult black-backed woodpeckers selected resources associated with food availability, but these resources occurred in relatively open, exposed habitat. Fledglings selected habitat that provided increased cover, perhaps as a strategy to reduce predation risk. 5. Synthesis and applications. Globally, fires are increasing in severity and extent, leading to increased focus on fire-associated species that play keystone roles in facilitating biodiversity resilience. Our findings suggest that a diversity of patches burned at different severities may benefit post-fire specialists like the black-backed woodpecker at multiple life history stages. The increasing prevalence of large, homogeneously high-severity "megafires" may present an emerging threat even to post-fire specialists, and we urge land managers to consider opportunities to promote pyrodiversity in the face of novel fire regimes.
Data from: State-dependent behavior alters endocrine-energy relationship: implications for conservation and management
Glucocorticoids (GC) and triiodothyronine (T3) are two endocrine markers commonly used to quantify resource limitation, yet the relationships between these markers and the energetic state of animals has been studied primarily in small-bodied species in captivity. Free-ranging animals, however, adjust energy intake in accordance with their energy reserves, a behavior known as state-dependent foraging. Further, links between life-history strategies and metabolic allometries cause energy intake and energy reserves to be more strongly coupled in small animals relative to large animals. Because GC and T3 may reflect energy intake or energy reserves, state-dependent foraging and body size may cause endocrine-energy relationships to vary among taxa and environments. To extend the utility of endocrine markers to large-bodied, free-ranging animals, we evaluated how state-dependent foraging, energy reserves, and energy intake influenced fecal GC and fecal T3 concentrations in free-ranging moose (Alces alces). Compared with individuals possessing abundant energy reserves, individuals with few energy reserves had higher energy intake and high fecal T3 concentrations, thereby supporting state-dependent foraging. Although fecal GC did not vary strongly with energy reserves, individuals with higher fecal GC tended to have fewer energy reserves and substantially greater energy intake than those with low fecal GC. Consequently, individuals with greater energy intake had both high fecal T3 and high fecal GC concentrations, a pattern inconsistent with previous documentation from captive animal studies. We posit that a positive relationship between GC and T3 may be expected in animals exhibiting state-dependent foraging if GC is associated with increased foraging and energy intake. Thus, we recommend that additional investigations of GC- and T3-energy relationships be conducted in free-ranging animals across a diversity of body size and life-history strategies before these endocrine markers are applied broadly to wildlife conservation and management.
Vortex and MetaModel Manager input files -- Exploring impacts of declining sea-ice on ice-dependent species in the Arctic
<p>Input files for Vortex PVA models and for MetaModel Manager used in publication:</p> <p><span>Lacy, Robert C., Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, and Jon Aars</span></p> <p><span>Linking PVA models into metamodels to explore impacts of declining sea ice on ice-dependent species in the Arctic: the ringed seal, bearded seal, polar bear complex</span></p> <p> </p>
Resourcefulness Training and Decentering on Self-Management in Caregivers of Technology Dependent Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02993887. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Self-Management in Parents of Technology-Dependent Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04105244. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.