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62 results for “desert soils”
Cover and frequency of biological soil crust community types, moss species, vascular plants, and abiotic land surface features, on gypsum & non-gypsum soils from the Chihuahuan and Mojave Deserts in 2023
This dataset contains raw and calculated percent cover and frequency data for biological soil crust (hereafter biocrust) functional groups, vascular plant functional groups, and abiotic land surface features on and off gypsum soils in the northern Chihuahuan and eastern Mojave Deserts. Abundance data were obtained from 20 study sites total, 10 located on soils derived from gypsum parent material and 10 located on soils derived from non-gypsum parent materials. Sites were grouped into 10 pairs, in which every gypsum site was partnered with a non-gypsum site located in the same region. Apart from soil type, partnered-site characteristics (topography, climate, elevation, slope, aspect, and presence of biocrusts) were held relatively constant. At each site, cover and frequency assessments were made using the line-point intercept method (LPI) and frequency quadrats (1.0 m^2), respectively. Biocrust functional groups included the following crusts: lichen, moss, incipient algal, light algal, dark algal, unknown photosynthetic crust, and vagrant cyanobacteria. Vascular plant categories included: perennial forbs, perennial graminoids, annual forbs, annual graminoids, subshrub, shrub, Yucca, and cacti. Abiotic land surface features included: woody litter, herbaceous litter, bare soil, rock, bedrock, and animal feces. Moss crusts identified within cover and frequency analyses were sampled, and classified to species level via microscopy. The resulting percent cover and frequency data was used to understand differences in biocrust and moss species abundance and diversity on and off gypsum soils; furthermore, how biocrust and moss species abundance was associated with the measured environmental variables. Soil physical and chemical data from this study can be accessed at knb-lter-jrn.210616002. This study and dataset are complete.
Soil physical and chemical properties of gypsum & non-gypsum soils from the Chihuahuan and Mojave Deserts in 2023
This dataset contains data for soil physical and chemical properties of gypsum and non-gypsum soils in the northern Chihuahuan and eastern Mojave Deserts. Data were obtained from 20 study sites total, 10 located on soils derived from gypsum parent material and 10 located on soils derived from non-gypsum parent materials. Sites were grouped into 10 pairs, in which every gypsum site was partnered with a non-gypsum site located in the same region. Apart from soil type, partnered-site characteristics (topography, climate, elevation, slope, aspect, and presence of biocrusts) were held relatively constant. Site info and characteristics data can be accessed at knb-lter-jrn.210616001. Soil physical properties included: percent gravel, percent < 2mm fraction, soil aggregate stability, and soil compaction. Soil chemical properties were: percent gypsum content, pH, EC, and soil soluble concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, and phosphorus. The resulting soil data was used to understand physical and chemical differences between gypsum and non-gypsum soils and to examine how biocrust community types and moss species abundance and composition were associated with the measured soil variables. This study and dataset are complete.
SEV-LTER Mean x Variance Experiment Desert Grassland Soil Moisture and Temperature
We designed novel field experimental infrastructure to resolve the relative importance of changes in the climate mean and variance in regulating the structure and function of dryland populations, communities, and ecosystem processes. The Mean x Variance Experiment (MVE) adds three novel elements to prior designs (Gherardi & Sala 2013) that have manipulated interannual variance in climate in the field by (i) determining interactive effects of mean and variance with a factorial design that crosses a drier mean with increased (more) variance, (ii) studying multiple dryland ecosystem types to compare their susceptibility to transition under interactive climate drivers, and (iii) adding stochasticity to our treatments to permit the antecedent effects that occur under natural climate variability. This new infrastructure enables direct experimental tests of the hypothesis that interactions between the mean and variance of precipitation will have larger ecological impacts than either the mean or variance in precipitation alone. A subset of plots have soil moisture and temperature sensors to evaluate treatment effectiveness by addressing, How do MVE manipulations alter the mean and variance in soil moisture and temperature? And, how does micro-environmental variation among plots influence how much MVE treatments alter soil moisture profiles over three soil depths? This data package includes soil moisture and temperature sensor data from the Mean x Variance Climate experiment in the Desert grassland ecosystem at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM.
Soil biodiversity in the Atacama Desert
<p>This data set contains the fasta sequences of the 18S region of nematodes isolated from the Atacama Desert. This project belong to the CRC1211 "Earth-Evolution at the dry limit" and all files required to reproduce the analysis done in the manuscript titled "Hierarchical Patterns of Soil Biodiversity in the Atacama Desert: Insights Across Biological Scales". All scripts are deposited on github (https://github.com/lauraivillegasr/BiogeographyDesert).</p>
Soil bacterial diversity inventories along small-scale stress gradients in the Arctic, Antarctic, and Chihuahuan Deserts (2022-2023)
Bacteria form the foundation of soil ecosystems in desert ecosystems, driving soil function, diversity, and ecology. Soil physicochemistry is largely dictated by larger topographical variations and can directly drive bacterial community composition and the relationships within. Bacteria may form complex networks of interactions with other bacteria and other soil taxa that have implications for emergent properties such as diversity and stability, but the way these interactions are impacted by environmental stressors remains poorly understood. Here, we sampled soil bacterial communities of three desert ecosystems at different latitudes: the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica; the northern Chihuahuan Desert, Jornada Experimental Range (JER), New Mexico, USA; and the Arctic tundra at the Canadian High Arctic Research Research Station (CHARS), Victoria Island, Nunavut, Canada. In each system, a holistic stress-gradient was sampled based on local topographical variation, vegetation cover, and water availability. Sampling along the stress-gradient was conducted at four distinct stress levels, namely lower elevation with vegetation cover, lower elevation without vegetation cover, higher elevation with vegetation cover, and higher elevation without vegetation cover. To allow robust biodiversity inference and co-occurrence network construction, 30 replicates were collected at each stress level, and this was done at two independent stress gradients for the Chihuahuan Desert and Arctic sites. The Antarctic samples consisted of two independent stress gradients, one ranging from low, middle to high elevation without vegetation cover, and one consisting of two levels with and without vegetation cover. For each site, soil pH and gravimetric water content was also measured. Each replicate was then sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq for 2x250 paired-end sequencing of the 16S rRNA marker. Sequences were archived in NCBI under BioProject PRJNA1098956, with accession numbers included herein.
Long-term dynamics of soil organic matter and aboveground net primary production in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-2014)
Drylands contain a third of the organic carbon stored in global soils; however, the long-term dynamics of soil organic carbon and soil organic matter (SOM) in drylands remain poorly understood relative to dynamics of the vegetation carbon pool. We examined long-term patterns in SOM against both climate and prescribed fire in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland in central New Mexico, USA. SOM was measured each spring and fall for 25 years (1989–2014) in unburned desert grassland and from 2003 to 2014 following a prescribed fire. SOM concentration from 0-20 cm depth did not show a clear long-term trend but fluctuated seasonally at both burned and unburned sites, ranging from a minimum of 0.9% to a maximum of 3.3%. SOM concentration declined nonlinearly in wet seasons and peaked in dry seasons. These results not only contrast with the positive relationships between aboveground net primary production and precipitation for this region, but also with previous reports of greater SOM in wetter sites across drylands globally, suggesting that space is not a good substitute for time in predicting the dynamics of dryland SOM. We suggest that declines in SOM in wet periods are caused by increased soil respiration, runoff, leaching, and soil erosion. In addition to tracking natural variability in climate, SOM concentration also decreased by 14% following prescribed fire, a response that magnified over time and has persisted for nearly a decade due to the slow recovery of primary production. Our results document the surprisingly dynamic nature of soil organic matter and its high sensitivity to climate and fire in this dryland ecosystem.
SEV-LTER Mean Variance Experiment Desert Shrubland Soil Moisture and Temperature
We designed novel field experimental infrastructure to resolve the relative importance of changes in the climate mean and variance in regulating the structure and function of dryland populations, communities, and ecosystem processes. The Mean x Variance Experiment (MVE) adds three novel elements to prior designs (Gherardi & Sala 2013) that have manipulated interannual variance in climate in the field by (i) determining interactive effects of mean and variance with a factorial design that crosses a drier mean with increased (more) variance, (ii) studying multiple dryland ecosystem types to compare their susceptibility to transition under interactive climate drivers, and (iii) adding stochasticity to our treatments to permit the antecedent effects that occur under natural climate variability. This new infrastructure enables direct experimental tests of the hypothesis that interactions between the mean and variance of precipitation will have larger ecological impacts than either the mean or variance in precipitation alone. A subset of plots have soil moisture and temperature sensors to evaluate treatment effectiveness by addressing, How do MVE manipulations alter the mean and variance in soil moisture and temperature? And, how does micro-environmental variation among plots influence how much MVE treatments alter soil moisture profiles over three soil depths? This data package includes soil moisture and temperature sensor data from the Mean x Variance Climate experiment in the Desert Shrubland ecosystem at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, NM.
Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Surface Soil Disturbance in the Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1995-2005)
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This is data for animal created soil surface disturbance measured from each of the SMES study plots. Soil surface disturbance was measured from each of the 36 one-meter2 quadrats twice each year when vegetation was measured.
Nevada Desert FACE Facility Soil Organic Carbon Data
This data set is the result of soils analysis from the Nevada Desert Free-Air CO2 Enrichment Facility (NDFF) experiment in the Mojave Desert and reports soil organic carbon (%C) and delta 13C stable isotope values. These soils were collected at the end of the NDFF experiment in 2007 and stored at Cornell University until analysis in 2018. Soils were harvested from 6 cover types (5 perennial vegetation covers and unvegetated interspace soils) from 0-100 cm in the soil profile in 20 cm increments. Soils were pretreated for inorganic carbon removal using an acid fumigation technique with HCl. Bulk density from NDFF plots is provided (kg soil* ha ^ -1) so that SOC stocks may be calculated. These data provide the basis for a publication challenging the prevailing idea that arid ecosystems will increase soil organic carbon stocks under long term elevated CO2.
Vegetation influences desert soil arthropods and their response to altered precipitation
Altered size and frequency of precipitation pulses will influence both plant and soil communities in water-limited systems such as the Sonoran Desert. Little is known about the response of desert soil fauna communities, particularly the mesofauna that are important components of the detrital food web. Further, while there is a well-documented impact of vegetation on soil fauna communities, the role of vegetation in buffering the soil community against such environmental changes is unclear. We conducted a short-term field study to (1) assess how the amount and frequency of monsoon season precipitation pulses influence soil arthropod communities and (2) explore the role of plant-soil linkages in the response of soil arthropod communities to altered precipitation. We experimentally altered the size (ambient and 50% increase) and frequency (ambient and 2X reduced frequency) of monsoon season precipitation for two dominant shrubs representing distinctly different functional types, as well as interplant spaces. We measured the resulting soil arthropod abundance, diversity, and composition, as well as key soil properties to characterize the soil habitat beneath each vegetation type.
Hourly time series of soil and atmosphere variables at the experimental site of El Cautivo, Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Spain (February 2018 to December 2019)
<p>Measurements were performed along a hypothetical succession of biological soil crusts. Main studied variables were the soil-atmosphere CO2 and water vapor fluxes. This dataset was used by Lopez-Canfin et al. (2022) and Kim and al. (2024) at the time of publication.</p>
Figure 4 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 4. Relationship between amoeboid protist richness and soil parameters during the wet season in three microhabitats by CCA: PL: Pr. laevigata, PP: Pa. praecox, and BS: bare soil. The names and abbreviations of the amoeboid protist species can be found in table 3.
Figure 2 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 2. Cumulative richness plots of amoeboid protists present under Pr. laevigata (PL), Pa. praecox (PP) and bare soil (BS) during dry and wet seasons at 0–30 cm. a) eruptive pseudopods, and b) acanthopodial pseudopods. ND: not determined.
Figure 1 in Population Dynamics of Amoeboid Protists in a Tropical Desert: Seasonal Changes and Effects of Vegetation and Soil Conditions
Figure 1. Study area, showing vegetation patches in the desert of Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico. In addition, the analyzed microhabitats are shown: Pr. laevigata, Pa. praecox and bare soil.
Figure 7 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 7. Principal component analysis (PCA) showing loading of each studied attribute (arrow) and arrow lengths approximate their variance whereas the angles between them represent their correlation.The abbreviations are Poultry Manure (PM), Bentonite (B), Plant Height (PH), Number of Leaves (L), Root Length (RL), Dry Shoot Weight (DS), Dry Root Length (DR), Root to Shoot Ratio (RS), Number of Secondary Branches (SB), Max Branch Length (LPB), Chlorophyll contents (SPAD), Chlorophyll a* (CHL a), Chlorophyll b* (CHL b).
Figure 5 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 5. Corrplot (Correlation plot) represents correlation matrix among different attributes of Bougainvillea followed by treatments as (1) L100 (2) L95A (3) L95B (4) L90A (5) L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure.L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. The dark blue color shows a high positive correlation while light blue and sky blue represent less association among measured parameters. The color legend on the right-hand side of corrplot shows the correlation coefficient and corresponding colors. The abbreviations are Lehbab Sandy Soil (LS) Poultry Manure (PM), Bentonite (B), Plant Height (PH), Number of Leaves (L), Root Length (RL), Dry Shoot Weight (DS), Dry Root Length (DR), Root to Shoot Ratio (RS), Number of Secondary Branches (SB), Max Branch Length (LPB), Chlorophyll contents (SPAD), Chlorophyll a* (CHL a), Chlorophyll b* (CHL b).
Figure 3 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 3. Comparison of Dry Shoot Weight, Dry Root Weight, and Root/Shoot ratio for Bougainvillea plants grown in different substrates (Treatment L100, L95A, L95B, L90A, and L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. Statistical letters a, b, c, d, show significant difference between plants attributes grown on different substrates, while the ab, bc, cd etc. show there is no significant difference between plants attributes.
Figure 2 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 2. Comparison of Number of Secondary Branches per Plant and Number of Leaves per Plant for Bougainvillea grown in different substrates (Treatment L100, L95A, L95B, L90A, and L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. Statistical letters a, b, c, d, show significant difference between plants attributes grown on different substrates, while the ab, bc, cd etc. show there is no significant difference between plants attributes.
Figure 1 in Conditioning of desert sandy soil and investigation of the ameliorative effects of poultry manure and bentonite treatment rate on plant growth
Figure 1. Comparison of Plant Height, Root Length, and Maximum Branch Length for Bougainvillea grown in different substrates (Treatment L100, L95A, L95B, L90A, and L90B. L100 substrate contains 100% Lehbab Sandy Soil without any addition of Bentonite and Poultry Manure. L95A substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure.L95B substrate contains 95% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 5% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure.L90A substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 10% Poultry Manure. L90B substrate contains 90% Lehbab Sandy Soil, 10% Bentonite, and 15% Poultry Manure. Statistical letters a, b, c, d, show significant difference between plants attributes grown on different substrates, while the ab, bc, cd etc. show there is no significant difference between plants attributes.
Data from: Differential pulse sensitivity of nitric and nitrous oxide emissions to temperature, carbon, and nitrogen following wetting of desert soils
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