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Fig. 7 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fig. 7. The average Eldana saccharina larval infestation with the passage of time simulated for the SIT/IS pilot site near the Eston area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa with weekly releases commencing only in fields of age at most 6 mo at the start of the release. Time, t, is measured in days. The density, e/100s, is the number of borers, e, per 100 stalks of sugarcane. The graph shows that the average infestation level in the second yr of the control program is substantially reduced.

Fig. 5 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fig. 5. The discretization of the spatial domain. On the lef a typical sugarcane field layout is illustrated with different colors representing crop age, and on the right the discretized domain corresponding to the area within the red square. This was done by transforming the spatial information obtained from the shapefiles to a matrix data structure in Matlab containing the entries '0', '1' and '2' denoting non-sugarcane patches, patches inside a field and edge patches, respectively. In the right half of the figure these data are represented by white, blue and green, respectively.

Fig. 4. A in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fig. 4. A model representing sugarcane dynamics as currently implemented in the simulation tool for the field application of a SIT/IS strategy against Eldana saccharina in sugarcane.

Fig. 3 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fig. 3. The Eldana saccharina module developed in this study. The module describes the dynamics of all E. saccharina life stages under the influence of the SIT/IS technique. Other control measures may also be included, and are currently under investigation.

Fig. 6 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fig. 6. The graphical user interface designed for the SIT/IS simulation tool for the field application of a SIT/IS strategy against Eldana saccharina in sugarcane. The initial infestation, e/100s, is the number of borers per 100 stalks of sugarcane.

Fig. 2 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fig. 2. The pest species subsystem which may include all the important pest species in South African sugarcane.The total damage caused by the various pest species may be estimated by such a system. Currently, only the Eldana saccharina module has been developed.

Fig. 9. A in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Fig. 9. A spatial overview of the Eldana saccharina larval infestation at the end of a 24 mo simulation of a SIT/IS program at the pilot site near the Eston area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The colors indicate infestation levels measured in e/100 stalks, i.e., number of borers per 100 stalks of sugarcane. The fields colored in dark blue in the top right corner are aged 0, 1 and 2 mo, and they were harvested just before the end of the simulation; therefore the infestation levels are still low and this is before the commencement of releases of irradiated adult moths.

Figure 3 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 3. Mean number of holes in the potato food source after infection according to nematode populations across time ((S. carpocapsae e-nema: χ2 = 73.62, p <0.001; S. feltiae AM25: χ2 = 5.03, p = 0.02, respectively). Light bars correspond to the treatments without potato extract, and the dark bars correspond to the treatments with addition of potato extract. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.

Figure 5 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 5. Proportion of molting wireworms according to nematode population across time (χ2 = 0.17, p = 0.92). Light bars correspond to the treatments without potato extract, and the dark bars correspond to the treatments with addition of potato extract. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.

Figure 1 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 1. Proportion of dead wireworms over time after the application of different nematode strains (χ2 = 57.76, p <0.001). Hb stands for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Sc stands for Steinernema carpocapsae, and Sf stands for Steinernema feltiae. Control corresponds to absence of EPNs. The stars indicate that the concerned strains are responsible for a significantly higher mortality (Tukey HSD; p <0.05).

Figure 4 in The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes

Figure 4. Proportion of dead wireworms according to nematode populations across time. Light bars correspond to the treatments without potato extract (χ2 = 0.96; p = 0.62), and the dark bars correspond to the treatments with addition of potato extract (χ2 = 6.50; p = 0.01). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals.

Fig. 1. A in A new isoetalean microsporophyll from the latest Albian of northeastern Spain: Diversity in the development and dispersal strategies of microspores

Fig. 1. A. Geographic location of the studied fossiliferous site of the Estercuel locality, northeast Spain. B. Stratigraphic sequence (modified from Pardo 1979) (B 1) and detailed log (B2) with the stratigraphical level containing studied isoetalean material marked by a black arrow (level ET 2-1).

Fig. 4. A–E in A new isoetalean microsporophyll from the latest Albian of northeastern Spain: Diversity in the development and dispersal strategies of microspores

Fig. 4. A–E. SEM micrographs of isoetalean masses from Isoetites sp. (MPZ 2010/919) from the uppermost Albian of northeastern Spain. In situ microspores showing distal face (A), distal face with characteristic tuberculate ornamentation (B), and proximal face with the laesura extending the whole length of the grain and psilate ornamentation (C–E). F, G. Dispersed isoetalean microspores of the genus Peromonolites from Estercuel deposits similar to herein described in situ ones.

Fig. 3 in A new isoetalean microsporophyll from the latest Albian of northeastern Spain: Diversity in the development and dispersal strategies of microspores

Fig. 3. In situ masses of microspores of isoetalean microsporophyll (MPZ 2010/919) from Estercuel locality, latest Albian. A. Detail of the microsporangium with six masses of microspores, some of them showing a false "trilete" mark (arrows) probably due to a post-sedimentary compression process. B, D. Masses of hundreds of microspores, the false "trilete" mark due to compaction within adjacent polygonal bodies inside microsporophyll (arrow). C. Detail of microspores presumably grouped in tetrads (arrows) showing both proximal and distal faces. B–D, SEM micrographs. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, D, 100 μm; C, 20 μm.

Fig. 2 in A new isoetalean microsporophyll from the latest Albian of northeastern Spain: Diversity in the development and dispersal strategies of microspores

Fig. 2. Isoetalean microsporophyll with in situ masses of microspores, from the Boundary Marls unit (uppermost Albian) of Estercuel (Teruel, Spain). A. Explanatory drawing of the microsporophyll in B. Black arrows and the irregular lines indicate the impressions of trabeculae in leaf section. B. MPZ 2010/919. Microsporophyll with the sporangium at base containing masses of microspores (B 1). Detail of the microsporophyll lamina with impressions of trabeculae indicated by white arrows (B 2). Detail of the base of the microsporophyll leaf showing the impression of ligule (B 3). Microsporangium containing masses of microspores (B ). Scale bars: A, B , B , 5 mm; B , B , 1 mm.

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Analysis of websites, social media pages and apps for the development of new strategies for increasing participation of women in clinical trials

For T2.5 of the i-CONSENT project, an analysis was undertaken of the strategies used to effectively communicate with women on the topic of women’s health or women’s health research, considering aspects such as tone, format and audience interaction. A total of 42 websites, social media pages and apps were included in the analysis. The attached document presents the findings from the data generation stage of this analysis.