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113 results for “diet variation”
Investigating the Effect of Positional Variation on Mid-Lactation Mammary Gland Transcriptomics in Mice Fed Either a Low-Fat or High-Fat Diet
<p>Investigating the Effect of Positional Variation on Mid-Lactation Mammary Gland Transcriptomics in Mice Fed Either a Low-Fat or High-Fat Diet.</p>
Seasonal and ontological variation in diet and age-related differences in prey choice, by an insectivorous songbird
<p>The diet of an individual animal is subject to change over time, both in response to short-term food fluctuations and over longer time scales as an individual ages and meets different challenges over its life cycle. A metabarcoding approach was used to elucidate the diet of different life stages of a migratory songbird, the Eurasian reed warbler (<em>Acrocephalus scirpaceus</em>) over the 2017 summer breeding season in Somerset, UK. The faeces of adult, juvenile and nestling warblers were screened for invertebrate DNA, enabling the identification of prey species. Dietary analysis was coupled with monitoring of Diptera in the field using yellow sticky traps. Seasonal changes in warbler diet were subtle whereas age class had a greater influence on overall diet composition. Age classes showed high dietary overlap, but significant dietary differences were mediated through the selection of prey; i) from different taxonomic groups, ii) with different habitat origins (aquatic versus terrestrial) and iii) of different average approximate sizes. Our results highlight the value of metabarcoding data for enhancing ecological studies of insectivores in dynamic environments. </p>
Fig. 2 in Relationships between morphology, diet and spatial distribution: testing the effects of intra and interspecific morphological variations on the patterns of resource use in two Neotropical Cichlids
Fig. 2. Head of Satanoperca pappaterra (a) and Crenicichla britskii (b), showing differences in the mouth protrusion.
FIGURE 4 in Spatial and temporal variation of the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Characiformes: Characidae) in streams of the Eastern Amazon
FIGURE 4 | Variation of the diet of Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus among stream orders during A. dry and B. flood periods in eight streams of a protected area in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil.
FIGURE 2 in Spatial and temporal variation of the diet of the flag tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Characiformes: Characidae) in streams of the Eastern Amazon
FIGURE 2 | Feeding strategy revealed by Amundsen diagram of Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus sampled in eight streams of a protected area in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. A, C, E, and G represent feeding during the dry period, while B, D, F, and H represent the flood period. A and B show the diet considering all streams, whilst C and D represent 1st order streams, E and F represent 2nd order streams, and G and H represent 3rd order streams. V01 = Ephemeroptera (nymph); V02 = Odonata (larvae); V03 = Coleoptera (larvae); V04 = Diptera (larvae); V05 = Diptera (eggs); V06 = Diptera (pupae); V07 = Exoskeleton fragments (autochthonous source); V08 = Exoskeleton fragments (unknown source); V09 = Exoskeleton fragments (allochthonous source); V10 = Isoptera; V11 = Formicidae; V12 = Trichoptera; V13 = Hemiptera; V14 = Ephemeroptera; V15 = Orthoptera; V16 = Coleoptera; V17 = Heteroptera; V18 = Vegetal fragments (allochthonous source).
Figure 2. a in Geographical variation in morphometry, craniometry, and diet of a mammalian species (Stone marten, Martes foina) using data mining
Figure 2. a) Silhouette measure for body size data. b) Silhouette measure for craniometrical data. c) Silhouette measure for dietary data.
Figure 3. a in Geographical variation in morphometry, craniometry, and diet of a mammalian species (Stone marten, Martes foina) using data mining
Figure 3. a) Cluster sizes for body size data. b) Cluster sizes for craniometrical data. c) Cluster sizes for dietary data.
Fig. 4 in Spatial, seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the diet of Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest river, Southern Brazil
Fig. 4. Representation of the similarity patterns (Euclidean distances) in the seasonal and spatial diet composition of Astyanax aff. fasciatus at two sites on the rio das Pedras, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
Fig. 3 in Spatial, seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the diet of Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest river, Southern Brazil
Fig. 3. Diet composition of Astyanax aff. fasciatus at two sites on the rio das Pedras, according to season. Categories: plants, invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial vegetation, aquatic vegetation and sediments and detritus.
Fig. 6 in Spatial, seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the diet of Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest river, Southern Brazil
Fig. 6. Ordination of individuals of Astyanax aff. fasciatus of different sizes according to the higher feeding preference. (SL1:> 50 mm; SL2: 51-75 mm and SL3: <76 mm).
Fig. 2 in Spatial, seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the diet of Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest river, Southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Diet composition of Astyanax aff. fasciatus at sites A (a) and B (b) on the rio das Pedras, according to the origin of the ingested items (value between parentheses corresponds to the feeding index of each category).
Fig. 5 in Spatial, seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the diet of Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Ostariophysi: Characidae) in an Atlantic Forest river, Southern Brazil
Fig. 5. Diet composition of Astyanax aff. fasciatus among the three established standard length classes, and according to the plant or animal origin of the item. (SL1:> 50 mm; SL2: 51-75 mm and SL3: <76 mm; value between parentheses corresponds to the feeding index of each category).
Fig. 1 in Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Alagados Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil: diet composition and variation
Fig. 1. Localization and morphometry of Alagados Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil, depicting sample sites: a=riverine zone; b=lacustrine zone.
Fig. 3 in Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Alagados Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil: diet composition and variation
Fig. 3. Average values (± standart error) of the axes scores from DCA ordination of Astyanax paranae's stomach contents volume among sampling years (a), sampling months (b), sampling sites (c) and specimens sex (d) in Alagados Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil.
Fig. 2 in Astyanax paranae Eigenmann, 1914 (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Alagados Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil: diet composition and variation
Fig. 2. Volumetric proportion of food resources consumed by Astyanax paranae in Alagados Reservoir, Paraná, Brazil, among sampling years (a), sampling months (b), sampling sites (c) and specimens sex (d). dtsd=detritus/sediment; plmt=plant matter; alga=algae; aqis= aquatic insects; oaqi=other aquatic invertebrates; tris=terrestrial insects; rtin=rests of insects. The number of specimens considered in each analysis are indicated in parenthesis in the legends.
Using DNA metabarcoding to explore spatial variation in diet across European Hawfinch populations
<p><span>The investigation of diet in avian species is essential to an understanding of their ecology and local adaptations, as well as long-term conservation. This can be particularly challenging due to the wide distribution and high ecological plasticity of many bird species. Dietary richness and variation are under-studied in woodland bird species, due primarily to challenges in accurately identifying plant and invertebrate taxa consumed. Within Europe, Hawfinch (</span><span><em>Coccothraustes</em> <em>coccothraustes</em></span><span>) have shown variation in population trends, with moderate declines across central and eastern Europe, while western European populations have shown moderate increases. Ecological drivers behind this differing trend are still unknown; one possibility is differences in diet, yet little research has been conducted into Hawfinch diet in mainland Europe or elsewhere. This study aimed to present the first molecular dietary analysis of Hawfinch populations across two European countries. Faecal samples were collected between January and July of 2019 from Hawfinch caught at six artificial feed sites: two in Denmark and four in Germany. DNA was successfully extracted from 80 samples and plant Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and invertebrate Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) barcodes were amplified. A total of 35 plant and 37 invertebrate taxa were found across the 80 Hawfinch faecal samples, with plant and insect orders Fagales and Lepidoptera respectively the most frequently detected. Hawfinch dietary composition differed significantly between European countries, suggesting Hawfinch can make use of available food resources which are likely to differ spatially. Our study shows how DNA metabarcoding can be used to provide novel ecological information associated with under-studied bird species, thus providing essential information for future management and conservation of Hawfinch and their habitats. <br></span></p>
Otterly delicious: Spatiotemporal variation in the diet of a recovering population of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) revealed through DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis of prey remains
<p>Eurasian otters are apex predators of freshwater ecosystems and a recovering species across much of their European range; investigating the dietary variation of this predator over time and space therefore provides opportunities to identify changes in freshwater trophic interactions and factors influencing the conservation of otter populations. Here we sampled faeces from 300 dead otters across England and Wales between 2007 and 2016, conducting both morphological analysis of prey remains and dietary DNA metabarcoding. Comparison of these methods showed that greater taxonomic resolution and breadth could be achieved using DNA metabarcoding but combining data from both methodologies gave the most comprehensive dietary description. All otter demographics exploited a broad range of taxa and variation likely reflected changes in prey distributions and availability across the landscape. This study provides novel insights into the trophic generalism and adaptability of otters across Britain, which is likely to have aided their recent population recovery, and may increase their resilience to future environmental changes.</p>
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
<p>Avian diet can be affected by site‐specific variables, such as habitat, as well as intrinsic factors such as sex. This can lead to dietary niche separation, which reduces competition between individuals, as well as impacting how well avian species can adapt to environmental variation. Estimating dietary niche separation is challenging, due largely to difficulties in accurately identifying food taxa consumed. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the diets of woodland bird species, many of which are undergoing serious population declines. Here, we show the effectiveness of multi‐marker fecal metabarcoding to provide in‐depth dietary analysis of a declining passerine in the UK, the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). We collected fecal samples from (n = 262) UK Hawfinches prior to, and during, the breeding seasons in 2016–2019. We detected 49 and 90 plant and invertebrate taxa, respectively. We found Hawfinch diet varied spatially, as well as between sexes, indicating broad dietary plasticity and the ability of Hawfinches to utilize multiple resources within their foraging environments.</p>
Replication code and data for "Comparing measured dietary variation within and between tropical hunter-gatherer groups to the Paleo Diet".
<p>Replication code and data for the publication "Comparing measured dietary variation within and between tropical hunter-gatherer groups to the Paleo Diet" appearing in the American Journal of Clinical Nutritian. Files include:</p> <p>1) R replication code (5 files that should be run sequentially in numerical order).</p> <p>2) "raw_diet_data.csv": 1 file that is ingested by the R code and used for the main analyses.</p> <p>3) "lipid_classes.csv" and "nutriants_by_source_raw.csv": 2 files that are ingested by the R code and used for the supplementary analyses.</p> <p>4) "wc2.1_30s_bio_1.tif": 1 file of GeoTiff data on annual mean temperature from the WorldClim v. 2.1 dataset (http://www.worldclim.com/version2) that is ingested by the R code.</p> <p>5) "table_1.csv": a cleaned version of the data used in analyses that is output by the R code.</p> <p>6) "table_hg_diet_data.csv" and "table_seasonal_diet_data.csv": 2 files containing seasonal and HG diet data that were not used in analyses, which are output by the R code.</p>
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
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