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13 results for “dietary breadth”
The predator problem and PCR primers in molecular dietary analysis: swamped or silenced; depth or breadth? - Dataset
<p>Raw sequencing data and other metadata files are associated with Cuff et al. (2022), available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4708418</p> <p>The associated code, files and description pertain to the non-metric multi-dimensional scaling plot presented in this review (Figure 4). The code and data required for the boxplot (Figure 3) are given at the Zenodo link above (for Cuff et al. 2022).</p> <p>Data were collected and processed according to Cuff et al., (2022) up to the point of aggregating the two primer pair datasets. Binary matrices for prey detections were combined for the two primer pairs, but each sample represented separately for each primer pair (i.e., not aggregated by sample). Instances where taxa were only identified to genus (or lower, e.g., family) level by only one of the primer pairs resulted in aggregation for the other primer pair at that taxonomic level, except for species within those groups that were reliably identified to species level by both primers. Samples for which only one primer pair generated prey data were removed. The non-metric multidimensional scaling spider plot was created using ‘metaMDS’ with a Jaccard distance matrix and 999 tries in the ‘vegan’ package (Oksanen et al., 2016). Outliers that obscured the overall patterns were removed, the final plot having a stress of 0.061. Point colours were assigned using the ‘set1’ palette of the ‘RColorBrewer’ package (Neuwirth, 2014) and the final plot created using ‘ggplot2’ (Wickham, 2016).</p>
Figure 1 in Spatial distribution and dietary niche breadth of the leopard Panthera pardus (Carnivora: Felidae) in the northeastern Himalayan region of Pakistan
Figure 1. Distribution of the leopard (Panthera pardus) in and around Pir Lasura National Park, northeastern Himalayan region, Pakistan, as indicated by various direct and indirect signs of the species.
Dietary breadth in kangaroos facilitated resilience to Quaternary climatic variations
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Data from: Vegetation biomass and landscape context shape web-building spider dietary niche breadth in urban vacant lots
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Data from: Are day-flying moths more specialised in larval dietary breadth?
<p>Although diurnality is widespread across Lepidoptera and has evolved many times independently, its causes and ecological implications are yet poorly understood. The 'Salient Aroma Hypothesis' (SAH) postulates that diurnal insect herbivores are overall more specialised in dietary breadth than species active at night. It is furthermore assumed that diurnality evolved more frequently in species that live in cooler environments. Using European geometrid moths as a model group, we tested whether diurnal activity in adults is associated with an increased larval dietary breadth as predicted by the 'Salient Aroma Hypothesis.' We further investigated whether species that exclusively occur in colder regions or whose flight period is restricted to cool seasons are more likely to exhibit a diurnal flight activity. Contrary to expectation, we found no consistent differences in larval dietary breadth between diurnal and nocturnal species, and thus no support for the 'Salient Aroma Hypothesis.' Diurnal activity occurred more frequently in species restricted to cold regions, but not in species restricted to cool seasons. We conclude that diurnality could serve as an advantageous adaptation in cold environments, depending on further factors such as resource availability or predation pressure, but has no immediate consequences for larval dietary breadth.</p>
The impact of dietary breadth on bumblebee colony fitness
<p>The current decline of pollinators may disrupt ecosystems and ecosystem services with potentially harmful effects on nature and human society. While the importance of habitat loss and fragmentation, pollution and increased disease risk in driving pollinator decline has been clearly demonstrated, the impact of resource diversity is less well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of pollen diversity and composition on reproductive success and fitness of <em>Bombus terrestris</em> colonies. We asked the question whether a higher plant diversity results in a more diverse diet, lower pathogen incidence and a higher colony fitness. To answer these questions, colonies of lab-reared bumblebees were placed in species-poor heathland and species-rich semi-natural grasslands that strongly differed in plant community composition and diversity. We examined pollen loads on the bodies of foragers and identified the plant taxa present in the realized diet via DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 marker. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to compare peptide composition of pollen samples from both habitats. Colony fitness was assessed by counting the number of sexuals produced by the colony at the end of its cycle. At the same time, colonies were examined for parasite incidence. Pollen composition and diversity on pollinators' bodies differed significantly between bees foraging in grasslands and heathlands. Concomitantly, peptide composition differed significantly between pollen samples from grasslands and heathlands. Colonies developed significantly better in heathland sites than in grasslands. In addition, colony fitness was only weakly related to pollen diversity and effects in some cases depended on the habitat where the bees were foraging. Pathogen incidence was very low and not affected by habitat. Overall, our results indicate that plant diversity is not necessarily a good predictor of colony fitness, and that vegetation composition and associated differences in both the quantity and quality of pollen are more important than pollen diversity per se.</p>
Data from: Are day-flying moths more specialised in larval dietary breadth?
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The impact of dietary breadth on bumblebee colony fitness
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Data from: Facultative endosymbionts mediate dietary breadth in a polyphagous herbivore
1. Intraspecific variation in dietary breadth can influence important ecological and evolutionary processes, yet the mechanisms generating this variation are usually unknown. Maternally-transmitted bacterial symbionts frequently infect insect herbivores, and many have been shown to mediate key ecological interactions. For polyphagous herbivores, infection with particular symbionts is often strongly correlated with feeding on particular plant species, suggesting that facultative symbionts might directly determine herbivore food plant specificity. However, previous tests of this hypothesis have returned inconsistent results, providing little empirical support for a causal relationship between facultative symbiont infection and dietary breadth. 2. Here, we investigate whether heritable facultative symbionts mediate dietary breadth in the polyphagous aphid, Aphis craccivora. We first determined that asexual clones of the aphid differ dramatically in performance across two leguminous food plants, locust and alfalfa, and could be considered biotypes with distinct ecological characteristics. The heritable symbiont Arsenophonus is strongly associated with locust-origin aphids. 3. We created experimental lines that share aphid genotypes but differed with respect to Arsenophonus infection status, and compared performance across three food plant species. Naturally Arsenophonus-infected clones performed 2-4× better on locust and up to 75% worse on two alternate plant species than uninfected controls, clearly demonstrating that Arsenophonus promotes specialization on locust. In both laboratory and field experiments, uninfected locust- and alfalfa-origin clones exhibited similar and modest performance on locust, indicating that the "locust-associated biotype" wouldn't exist without Arsenophonus. 4. We also hypothesized that moving Arsenophonus, via transinfection, to an alfalfa-origin lineage would improve performance on locust and serve to expand dietary breadth. Indeed, transinfection doubled aphid performance on locust, and halved aphid performance on alfalfa. However, because this aphid lineage naturally performs better on alfalfa, the transinfected symbiont functionally equalized aphid performance between locust and alfalfa, making the alfalfa biotype more generalized. Thus, the same symbiont can either reduce or expand dietary breadth, depending on host genotype. 5. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that symbiont gain or loss can instantaneously and substantially change the topology of food plant use in a polyphagous insect, modifying diet in ways that potentially influence the insect's ecological niche, evolutionary trajectory and pest status.
Data from: Pulsed resource availability changes dietary niche breadth and partitioning between generalist rodent consumers
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Data from: Facultative endosymbionts mediate dietary breadth in a polyphagous herbivore
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Figure 2 in Spatial distribution and dietary niche breadth of the leopard Panthera pardus (Carnivora: Felidae) in the northeastern Himalayan region of Pakistan
Figure 2. Map showing locations of study sites where abundance of prey species was recorded in and around Pir Lasura National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Data from: Dietary breadth is positively correlated with venom complexity in cone snails
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