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17 results for “dietary overlap”
Data from: Dietary resource overlap among three species of frugivorous bat in Costa Rica
The maintenance of biodiversity in tropical forests is thought to be dependent on fine-scale mechanisms of niche partitioning that allow species to coexist. This study examined whether three species of short-tailed fruit bat that co-occur at a lowland tropical forest site in Costa Rica (Carollia castanea, C. perspicillata, C. sowelli) avoid inter- and intraspecific competition through dietary specialization on species in the genus Piper. First, dietary composition was examined using faecal samples (n = 210), which yielded three main findings: (1) bat species and sexes vary in overall reliance on fruits of Piper, with a higher percentage of seeds of Piper detected in the diets of C. castanea (98.2%) and females (91.5%); (2) adults and juveniles partition species of Piper by habitat, with a lower percentage of mid- to late-successional species of Piper detected in adults (20.8%); and (3) overall, there is a strong dietary overlap among and within the three species of Carollia. Second, controlled choice experiments were conducted with individual bats (n = 123) to examine preferences for different species of Piper. These results indicated few differences in Piper preference based on bat species, sex, age class or reproductive status, suggesting preference is not the primary mechanism shaping the observed differences in dietary composition. Overall, the dietary composition and preference similarities suggest there is strong competition both among and within the three species of Carollia for food resources.
Dietary composition and overlap among small- and medium-sized carnivores in Flanders, Belgium
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span>There are increasing concerns about the status and population trends carnivores around the world. Carnivores play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems, as their interactions influence the composition and function of ecological communities. In the context of global change, it is essential to understand the interactions and resource use of carnivores. In this study, we explore the dietary ecology of six small- and medium-sized carnivores (red fox, European badger, European polecat, stoat, stone marten and least weasel) to determine their main food resources and the degree of food overlap in Flanders, Belgium. <span>The studied species differed in their food consumption pattern with some being generalist and some more specialist.</span> The dietary composition among the species was clearly different, although certain species showed considerable overlap for different food types. We also conclude that the differences and overlap in dietary habits among the species were consistent across seasons. Understanding these relationships among species' populations and their dietary ecology is essential for biodiversity conservation and nature management.</span></p>
Niche overlap between two large herbivores across landscape variability using dietary eDNA metabarcoding: Raw sequences of European bison and red deer – Bialowieza
<p><span>Understanding the trophic ecology of herbivore species is key to assess their environmental requirements and to improve management policies, but measuring their trophic interactions remains challenging. Among the methods available, quantifying the plant composition of a species' diet provides a detailed picture of how species exploit the resources in their environment and their associated niche overlap. Yet, most studies focusing on herbivore trophic ecology ignore the influence that landscape variability may have. Here, we studied how landscape variability influences trophic interactions through niche partitioning. We used eDNA metabarcoding to quantify the diet composition of two large herbivores of the Bialowieza Forest, red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) and European bison (<em>Bison bonasus</em>, hereafter referred to as bison) to investigate how increasing habitat quality and predation risk in their environment influence their diet composition and niche partitioning. We found red deer to have an overall greater diet variability and lower niche overlap within species compared to bison. Moreover, our findings indicate herbivore interactions are non-homogeneous across the landscape. Higher habitat quality was associated with higher niche overlap only within bison. We also detected an increase in niche overlap with increasing predation risk within red deer, indicating they modify their diet choice as a reaction to wolf predation risk. This study provides evidence of eDNA dietary metabarcoding as a useful tool for wildlife management to assess the status of species in an ecosystem based on known environmental factors. We suggest future studies to integrate the environments' variability when studying trophic ecology of herbivores to capture the whole extent of species interaction in order to improve conservation and management guidelines. </span></p>
Narrow dietary niche with high overlap between snow leopards and Himalayan wolves indicates potential for resource competition in Shey Phoksundo National Park, Nepal
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Dietary composition and overlap among small- and medium-sized carnivores in Flanders, Belgium
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Niche overlap between two large herbivores across landscape variability using dietary eDNA metabarcoding: Raw sequences of European bison and red deer – Bialowieza
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Data from: Dietary resource overlap among three species of frugivorous bat in Costa Rica
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Data from: Limited dietary overlap amongst resident Arctic herbivores in winter - complementary insights from complementary methods
Snow may prevent Arctic herbivores from accessing their forage in winter, forcing them to aggregate in the few patches with limited snow. In High Arctic Greenland, Arctic hare and rock ptarmigan often forage in muskox feeding craters. We therefore hypothesized that due to limited availability of forage, the dietary niches of these resident herbivores overlap considerably, and that the overlap increases as winter progresses. To test this, we analyzed fecal samples collected in early and late winter. We used molecular analysis to identify the plant taxa consumed, and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen to quantify the dietary niche breadth and dietary overlap. The plant taxa found indicated only limited dietary differentiation between the herbivores. As expected, dietary niches exhibited a strong contraction from early to late winter, especially for rock ptarmigan. This may indicate increasing reliance on particular plant resources as winter progresses. In early winter, the diet of rock ptarmigan overlapped slightly with that of muskox and Arctic hare. Contrary to our expectations, no inter-specific dietary niche overlap was observed in late winter. This overall pattern was specifically revealed by combined analysis of molecular data and stable isotope contents. Hence, despite foraging in the same areas and generally feeding on the same plant taxa, the quantitative dietary overlap between the three herbivores was limited. This may be attributable to species-specific consumption rates of plant taxa. Yet, Arctic hare and rock ptarmigan may benefit from muskox opening up the snow pack, thereby allowing them to access the plants.
Figure 1 in Dietary variation and overlap in D'Orbigny's slider turtles Trachemys dorbigni (Duméril and Bibron 1835) (Testudines: Emydidae)
Figure 1. Study area showing the approximate location where samples were collected (black ellipsis) in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.
High resource overlap and small dietary differences are widespread in food-limited warbler communities
<p class="CxSpFirst">Although both interspecific competition and coexistence mechanisms are central to ecological and evolutionary theory, past empirical studies have generally focused on simple (two-species) communities over short time periods. Experimental tests of these species interactions are challenging in complex study systems. Moreover, a number of studies of 'imperfect generalists', consistent with Liem's Paradox, raise questions about the ability of evolved species differences to effectively partition niche space when resources vary considerably across the annual cycle. Here we used a recently developed theoretical framework to combine past research on population-level processes with observational data on resource use to test for ongoing interspecific competition and understand the nature of resource overlap. We compared species diet overlaps and differences in several distinctive communities centred on a focal species, the American Redstart <i>Setophaga ruticilla</i> replicated both spatially and seasonally, in combination with documentation of population regulation to assess the ability of similar species to partition dietary niche space and limit interspecific competition. Our results document high dietary overlap in most of the communities studied, with only subtle differentiation consistent with known species-differences in foraging behaviour and morphology. These findings are largely consistent with species foraging as imperfect generalists. However, in contrast to past studies, the high diet overlaps observed here during times of inferred resource scarcity were driven by low value prey taxa (e.g. small ants) and did not involve truly 'private' resources. All of these factors increase the potential negative impacts of interspecific competition and limit the ability of these birds to avoid competition if conditions further deteriorate, either seasonally or at longer intervals.</p>
FIG. 1 in Habitat Usage, Dietary Niche Overlap, and Potential Partitioning between the Endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) and Other Turtle Species
FIG. 1. The path analysis shows the relationship between habitat parameters associated with PC1 (which was strongly positively loaded with salinity, depth, dissolved O2, canopy cover, and pH) and three turtle species: Chrysemys picta, Kinosternon subrubrum, and Clemmys guttata on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The solid and dashed lines represent direct and indirect effects, respectively, and black lines indicate positive effects while gray lines indicate negative effects. The numbers associated with each line represent the direction and magnitude of each effect, with the strength of the interaction increasing as the values approach 1.
FIG. 2 in Habitat Usage, Dietary Niche Overlap, and Potential Partitioning between the Endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) and Other Turtle Species
FIG. 2. Biplots of d15N and d13C for four turtle species at all sites with ellipses around each species (filled squares/solid black line ¼ Kinosternon subrubrum, filled triangles/solid gray line ¼ Chrysemys picta, open circles/gray dashed line¼ Chelydra serpentina, filled diamonds/ lack dashed line ¼ Clemmys guttata). There is a large overlap in isotopic compositions for all species, resulting in no significant differences in isotopic niche space between species (see text).
FIG. 3 in Habitat Usage, Dietary Niche Overlap, and Potential Partitioning between the Endangered Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata) and Other Turtle Species
FIG. 3. Bivariate SIBER (Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R) plots of ellipses estimating isotopic niche based on the d13C and d15N compositions with all species, excluding C. serpentina. The black circles represent the mode, while the three ellipses from the center outwards show where 50%, 75%, and 95% of the data lie, respectively. The numbers indicate the site numbers, while the letter codes indicate species names (MUDT ¼ Kinosternon subrubrum, PATU ¼ Chrysemys picta, SPTU ¼ Clemmys guttata). Together, these bivariate data of the isotopic compositions create ellipses which represent the relative sizes of the isotopic niche of each turtle species at all of our sites on the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Despite the lack of any significant differences in isotopic niche, these ellipses allow us to see some degree of niche overlap among C. guttata at all sites.
Data from: Limited dietary overlap amongst resident Arctic herbivores in winter - complementary insights from complementary methods
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Data from: Dietary overlap and seasonality in three species of mormoopid bats from a tropical dry forest
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Data from: Limited phenological and dietary overlap between bee communities in spring flowering crops and herbaceous enhancements.
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High resource overlap and small dietary differences are widespread in food-limited warbler communities
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