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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

The vOTUs collected in the anaerobic digestion system

The contigs >5.0 kb were collected, de-replicated and then piped through VirSorter2 (based on sequence similarity and other viral-like features such as GC skew) and VirFinder (based on k-mer signatures) for the identification of viral sequences. The identified viral contigs from VirSorter2 and VirFinder were merged and de-replicated with CD-HIT v4.7 at local identity of 100%. The valid 21,518 viral contigs were subjected to species-level clustering to create viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) using the ClusterGenomes scripts, following the MIUViG recommended criteria of 95% average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 85% alignment fraction (AF), resulting in the identification of 13,895 vOTUs.

Fig. 1 in The Plasticity And Morphofunctional Organization Of The Digestive System Of Waders (Charadrii) As Migrants

Fig. 1. The esophagus wall Tringa ochropus, cross cut, caudal section. Histopreparation (hematoxylin and eosin, х100). 1 — folds; 2 — epithelial layer; 3 — esophageal glands; 4 — muscle plate; 5 — submucosal basis; 6 — muscle (а — inner longitudinal layer; b — outer circle layer); 7 — layers of connective tissue.

Fig. 5 in The Plasticity And Morphofunctional Organization Of The Digestive System Of Waders (Charadrii) As Migrants

Fig. 5. The wall of the cecum Philomachus pugnax, the area of the body, cross cut. Histopreparation (hematoxylin and eosin, х100). 1 — mucosal plates; 2 — crypt; 3 — lymphoid tissue; 4 — submucosal basis; 5 — muscle.

Fig. 4 in The Plasticity And Morphofunctional Organization Of The Digestive System Of Waders (Charadrii) As Migrants

Fig. 4. Crypt in the wall of the duodenum Tringa nebularia, cross cut. Histopreparation (hematoxylin and eosin, ×250). 1 — crypt; 2 — corpuscle enterocytes; 3 — alveolar extension of the bottom part of the crypt; 4 — separate muscle cell myocytes; 5 — submucosal basis; 6 — muscle (а — inner longitudinal layer; b — outer circle layer); 7 — gray serum.

Fig. 3 in The Plasticity And Morphofunctional Organization Of The Digestive System Of Waders (Charadrii) As Migrants

Fig. 3. The wall of the jejunum Calidris ferruginea, cross cut, cranial section. Histopreparation (hematoxylin and eosin, х100). 1 — plates of the mucous, located zigzag; 2 — goblet cells; 3 — intestinal crypt; 4 — muscle.

Fig. 2 in The Plasticity And Morphofunctional Organization Of The Digestive System Of Waders (Charadrii) As Migrants

Fig. 2. The wall of the muscular stomach Tringa nebularia cross cut. Histopreparation (hematoxylin and eosin, х40). 1 — cuticle, 2 — tubular glands; 3 — muscle (а — inner longitudinal layer; b — outer thick circle layer); 4 — layers of connective tissue; 5 — blood vessels,

Fig. 6 in The Plasticity And Morphofunctional Organization Of The Digestive System Of Waders (Charadrii) As Migrants

Fig. 6. The wall of the rectum Tringa glareola, cross cut, cranial section. Histopreparation (hematoxylin and eosin, ×100). 1 — fold of the wall; 2 — mucosal plates; 3 — crypt; 4 — muscle plate; 5 — submucosal basis; 6 — muscle (а — inner circle layer; б — outer longitudinal layer).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Organisation of the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems in cysts of Thulinius ruffoi

The data show the organisation of the digestive, excretory and reproductive systems in cysts of T. ruffoi at specific and unspecified stages of encystment. Text files contain additional technical information.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

High-pressure flow digestion system

Buildup of the presented high-pressure flow-through microwave-assisted digestion system. The gray shaded components including the digestion vessel indicate the pressurized part. The counter-current nitrogen stream enters the digestion system at the nitrogen inlet port/ sample exit port and leaves the system at the pressure interface. (A, H) nitric acid 5% (v/v) rinsing solution, (B) sample (1% (w/w) wine), (C) waste (D) digested sample, (E) precision dispenser, (F) six-port high performance valve, (G) sample loop, (I) Knauer  HPLC pump, (J) pressure interface including the nitrogen exit port, (K) cooling unit, (L) high pressure vessel, (M) magnetron, (N) nitrogen inlet port/ sample exit port, (O) pressure restriction loop

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

Data from: Effect of yeast addition on the biogas production performance of a food waste anaerobic digestion system

Food waste contains numerous easily degradable components, and anaerobic digestion is prone to acidification and instability. This work aimed to investigate the effect of adding yeast on biogas production performance, when substrate is added after biogas production is reduced. The results showed that the daily biogas production increased 520 ml and 550 ml by adding 2.0% (VS) of activated yeast on the 12th and 37th day of anaerobic digestion, respectively, and the gas production was relatively stable. In the control group without yeast, the increase of gas production was significantly reduced. After the second addition of substrate and yeast, biogas production only increased 60 ml compared with that before the addition. After fermentation, the biogas production of yeast group also increased by 33.2% compared with the control group. Results of the analysis of indicators, such as volatile organic acids, alkalinity, and propionic acid, showed that the stability of the anaerobic digestion system of the yeast group was higher. Thus, the yeast group is highly likely to recover normal gas production when the biogas production is reduced, and substrate is added. The results provide a reference for experiments on the industrialisation of continuous anaerobic digestion to take tolerable measures when the organic load of the feed fluctuates dramatically.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Inhibition of gut digestive proteases by cyanobacterial diets decreases infection in a Daphnia host-parasite system

Secondary metabolites produced by primary producers have a wide range of functions as well as indirect effects outside the scope of their direct target. Research suggests that protease inhibitors produced by cyanobacteria influence grazing by herbivores and may also protect against parasites of cyanobacteria. In this study we asked whether those same protease inhibitors produced by cyanobacteria also can influence interactions of herbivores with their parasites. We used the Daphnia-Metschnikowia zooplankton host-fungal parasite system to address this question because it is well-documented that cyanobacteria protease inhibitors suppress trypsin and chymotrypsin in the gut of Daphnia, and because it is known that Metschnikowia infects via the gut. We tested the hypothesis that Daphnia gut proteases are necessary for Metschnikowia spores to be released from their asci. We then also tested whether diets that decrease trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the guts of Daphnia lead to lower levels of infection. Our results show that chymotrypsin promotes release of the fungal spores from their asci. Moreover, a diet that strongly inhibited chymotrypsin activity in Daphnia decreased infection levels, particularly in the most susceptible Daphnia clones. Our results support the growing literature that cyanobacterial diets can be beneficial to zooplankton hosts when challenged by parasites and uncover a mechanism that contributes to the protective effect of cyanobacterial diets. Specifically, we demonstrate that host chymotrypsin enzymes promote dehiscence of Metschnikowia spores; when cyanobacteria inhibit activity of chymotrypsin in hosts, this most likely traps the spore inside the ascus, preventing the parasite from puncturing the gut and beginning the infection process, and reduced the proportion of Daphnia infected. This study illustrates how secondary metabolites of phytoplankton can protect herbivores against their own enemies.

publicNov 2024View details →

Diagnostic accuracy of nutritional screening tools in patients with digestive system tumors: A meta-analysis and bayesian evaluation dataset

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publicJul 2020View details →

Data from: Effect of yeast addition on the biogas production performance of a food waste anaerobic digestion system

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publicMar 2024View details →

Inhibition of gut digestive proteases by cyanobacterial diets decreases infection in a Daphnia host-parasite system

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dryad32/100

Data from: The evolution of the modern avian digestive system – insights from paravian fossils from the Yanliao and Jehol biotas

The avian digestive system, like other aspects of avian biology, is highly modified relative to other reptiles. Together these modifications have imparted the great success of Neornithes, the most diverse clade of amniotes alive today. It is important to understand when and how aspects of the modern avian digestive system evolved among neornithine ancestors in order to elucidate the evolutionary success of this important clade and to understand the biology of stem birds and their closest dinosaurian relatives – Mesozoic Paraves. Although direct preservation of the soft tissue of the digestive system has not yet been reported, ingested remains and their anatomical location preserved in articulated fossils hint at the structure of the digestive system and its abilities. Almost all data concerning direct evidence of diet in Paraves comes from either the Upper Jurassic Yanliao Biota or the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Biota, both which are known from deposits in north-eastern China. Here, the sum of the data gleaned from the thousands of exceptionally well-preserved fossils of paravians is interpreted with regards to the structure and evolution of the highly modified avian digestive system and feeding apparatus. This information suggests intrinsic differences between closely related stem lineages implying strong homoplasy and that the modern digestive system is limited to the crownward lineage.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

Fig. 8 in Anatomy And Histology Of The Digestive System Of Cephalodesmius Armiger Westwood (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 8. Crosssection of the rectum of Cephalodesmius armiger ×64 (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations).

Fig. 6 in Anatomy And Histology Of The Digestive System Of Cephalodesmius Armiger Westwood (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 6. Longitudinal section of pyloric valve of Cephalodesmius armiger ×64 (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations).

Fig. 4 in Anatomy And Histology Of The Digestive System Of Cephalodesmius Armiger Westwood (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 4. Crosssection of the esophagus of Cephalodesmius armiger ×64 (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations).

Fig. 5 in Anatomy And Histology Of The Digestive System Of Cephalodesmius Armiger Westwood (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 5. Crosssection of the mesenteron of Cephalodesmius armiger ×64 (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations).

Figs. 1–3. 1 in Anatomy And Histology Of The Digestive System Of Cephalodesmius Armiger Westwood (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Figs. 1–3. 1) A dorsal view of the alimentary tract of Coprophanaeus telamon; 2) Copris lugubris; 3) Cephalodesmius armiger (see Materials and Methods for abbreviations).