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252 results for “disease invasion”
Invasive pneumococcal diseases in children and adults before and after introduction of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the Austrian national immunization program
<p>The dataset contains case-based data on invasive pneumococcal disease in Austria, 2009/01 to 2017/02, by year and month of diagnosis, serotype and clinical presentation. Cases are anonymised by using a random ID.</p>
Invasive grass litter suppresses a native grass species and promotes disease
Plant litter can alter ecosystems and promote plant invasions by altering resource availability, depositing phytotoxins, and transmitting microorganisms to living plants. Transmission of microorganisms from invasive plant litter to live plants may gain importance as invasive plants, which often escape pathogens upon introduction to a new range, acquire new pathogens over time. It is unclear, however, if invasive plant litter affects native plant communities by promoting disease. Microstegium vimineum is an invasive grass that suppresses native populations, in part through litter production, and has acquired new fungal leaf spot diseases since its introduction to the United States. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how M. vimineum litter and its pathogens mediated competition with the native grass Elymus virginicus. Microstegium vimineum litter promoted disease on E. virginicus and suppressed establishment and biomass of both species. Litter had stronger negative effects on E. virginicus than M. vimineum, increasing the relative biomass of M. vimineum. Live plant competition reduced biomass of both species and live M. vimineum increased disease incidence on E. virginicus. Altogether, invasive grass litter suppressed both species, ultimately favoring the invasive species in competition, and increased disease incidence on the native species.
Revisiting the historical scenario of a disease dissemination using genetic data and Approximate Bayesian Computation methodology: the case of Pseudocercospora fijiensis invasion in Africa
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The reconstruction of geographic and demographic scenarios of dissemination for invasive pathogens of crops is a key step towards improving the management of emerging infectious diseases. Nowadays, the reconstruction of biological invasions typically uses the information of both genetic and historical information to test for different hypotheses of colonization. The Approximate Bayesian Computation framework and its recent Random Forest development (ABC-RF) have been successfully used in evolutionary biology to decipher multiple histories of biological invasions. Yet, for some organisms, typically plant pathogens, historical data may not be reliable notably because of the difficulty to identify the organism and the delay between the introduction and the first mention. We investigated the history of the invasion of Africa by the fungal pathogen of banana, <em>Pseudocercospora fijiensis</em>, by testing the historical hypothesis against other plausible hypotheses. We analysed the genetic structure of eight populations from six eastern and western African countries, using 20 microsatellite markers, and tested competing scenarios of population foundation using the ABC-RF methodology. We do find evidence for an invasion front consistent with the historical hypothesis, but also for the existence of another front never mentioned in historical records. We question the historical introduction point of the disease on the continent. Crucially, our results illustrate that even if ABC-RF inferences may sometimes fail to infer a single, well-supported scenario of invasion, they can be helpful in rejecting unlikely scenarios, which can prove much useful to shed light on disease dissemination routes.</span></p>
Revisiting the historical scenario of a disease dissemination using genetic data and Approximate Bayesian Computation methodology: the case of Pseudocercospora fijiensis invasion in Africa
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Nasal High-flow Compared to Non-invasive Ventilation in Treatment of Acute Acidotic Hypercapnic Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04881409. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Non-invasive Blood-brain Barrier Opening in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Using Focused Ultrasound
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04118764. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Polysomnographic Titration of Non-invasive Ventilation in Motor Neurone Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05136222. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of GSK Biologicals' Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 1024850A Against Invasive Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00861380. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Eltrombopag To Reduce The Need For Platelet Transfusion In Subjects With Chronic Liver Disease And Thrombocytopenia Undergoing Elective Invasive Procedures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00678587. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 13. Publications: 1.
Efficacy of Morphine in Reducing the Rate of Early Non-Invasive Ventilation Failure in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Phase I/IIa
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04427826. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 14.
Non-invasive Stimulation of Brain Networks and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03422250. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Examining the Use of Non-Invasive Inhaled Nitric Oxide to Reduce Chronic Lung Disease in Premature Newborns
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00955487. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Imperfect pathogen detection from non-invasive skin swabs biases disease inference
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Examining disease prevalence for species of conservation concern using non-invasive spatial capture-recapture techniques
1. Non-invasive techniques have long been used to estimate wildlife population abundance and density. However, recent technological breakthroughs have facilitated non-invasive estimation of the proportion of animal populations with certain diseases. Giraffes Giraffa camelopardalisare increasingly becoming recognized as a species of conservation concern with decreasing population trajectories across their range in Africa. 2. Diseases may be an important component impacting giraffe population declines, and the emerging 'Giraffe Skin Disease' (GSD), characterized by the appearance of wrinkled skin and alopecic lesions on the limbs, neck, and chest of infected giraffe, may hinder movement causing increased susceptibility to predation. 3. We examined the prevalence of GSD in Tanzania's Ruaha National Park over a 4-month period in 2015, using photographic capture–recapture surveys via road-based transects. We divided the study area into five circuitous survey units, each approximately 100 km in length ($\bar x$ = 99.22 km, SD = 3.72), and surveyed for giraffes for four months. From these surveys, we developed a database of spatially-explicit giraffe photographs. 4. We processed these photos for individual identification and fitted spatial capture–recapture models to predict the spatial configuration of giraffe abundance and GSD prevalence within the study area. 5. Our results indicated that >86% of the giraffe population showed signs of GSD and that the disease was more prevalent in the northern and north-eastern portion of Ruaha National Park. 6. Synthesis and applications. Our research shows that data from non-invasive surveys can be used in spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models to estimate the proportion of a population affected by a visible disease. Researchers and conservationists can use SCR models to better examine the variation in parameters associated with these populations such as sex and age class, movement, and encounter rate, which may be linked to the prevalence of the disease, while incorporating broad spatial and temporal dimensions of the population in such areas. We discuss the implications of this research for conservation of threatened species with an emphasis on disease ecology and vulnerability to predations, and more broadly, for wildlife conservation.
Data from: Disentangling the drivers of invasion spread in a vector-borne tree disease
1. Pine wilt disease (PWD) invaded southern Japan in the early 1900's and has gradually expanded its range to northern Honshu (Japanese mainland). The disease is caused by a pathogenic North American nematode, which is transmitted by native pine sawyer beetles. Recently the disease has invaded other portions of East Asia and Europe where extensive mortality of host pines is anticipated to resemble historical patterns seen in Japan. 2. There is a critical need to identify the main drivers of PWD invasion spread so as to predict future spread and evaluate containment strategies in newly invaded world regions. But the coupling of pathogen and vector population dynamics introduces considerable complexity that is important for understanding this and other plant disease invasions. 3. In this study, we analysed historical (1980-2011) records of PWD infection and vector abundance, which were spatially extensive but recorded at coarse categorical levels (none, low and high) across 403 municipalities in northern Honshu. We employed a multistate occupancy model that accounted both for demographic stochasticity and observation errors in categorical data. 4. Analysis revealed that sparse sawyer populations had lower probabilities of transition to high abundance than did more abundant populations even when regional abundance stayed the same, suggesting the existence of positive density dependence, i.e. an Allee effect, in sawyer dynamics. Climatic conditions (average accumulated degree days) substantially limited invasion spread in northern regions, but this climatic influence on sawyer dynamics was generally weaker than the Allee effect. 5. Our results suggest that tactics (e.g., sanitation logging of infected pines) which strengthen Allee effects in sawyer dynamics may be effective strategies for slowing the spread of PWD.
Data from: Invasion of two tick-borne diseases across New England: harnessing human surveillance data to capture underlying ecological invasion processes
Modelling the spatial spread of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens maintained in enzootic transmission cycles remains a major challenge. The best available spatio-temporal data on pathogen spread often take the form of human disease surveillance data. By applying a classic ecological approach—occupancy modelling—to an epidemiological question of disease spread, we used surveillance data to examine the latent ecological invasion of tick-borne pathogens. Over the last half-century, previously undescribed tick-borne pathogens including the agents of Lyme disease and human babesiosis have rapidly spread across the northeast United States. Despite their epidemiological importance, the mechanisms of tick-borne pathogen invasion and drivers underlying the distinct invasion trajectories of the co-vectored pathogens remain unresolved. Our approach allowed us to estimate the unobserved ecological processes underlying pathogen spread while accounting for imperfect detection of human cases. Our model predicts that tick-borne diseases spread in a diffusion-like manner with occasional long-distance dispersal and that babesiosis spread exhibits strong dependence on Lyme disease.
Developing epidemiological preparedness for a probable plant disease invasion: modelling citrus huánglóngbìng in the European Union
<p>Video 1: Spread of the vector in a single simulation in Region A (Valencia). Corresponds to Fig S10 in supplementary material. Maps show the measure of vector density within each cell and light grey shows initial exposure.</p> <p>Video 2: Spread of the pathogen in a single simulation in Region A (Valencia). Corresponds to Fig 3 in main text. Both vector and pathogen are introduced simultaneously at t=0 into a single 1km x 1km cell. Maps showing the density of infected citrus host units (E+C+I) within each cell at different times after introduction.</p> <p>Video 3: Spread of the pathogen in a single simulation in Region A (Valencia) using baseline parameters for detection and control. Corresponds to Fig 6 in main text. Maps show densities of infected citrus (E+C+I) in each 1km x 1km cell</p> <p>Video 4: Spread of the vector in a single simulation in Region B (Andalusia). Corresponds to Fig S13 in supplementary material. Maps show the measure of vector density within each cell and light grey shows initial exposure.</p> <p>Video 5: Spread of the pathogen in a single simulation in Region B (Andalusia). Corresponds to Fig S14 in supplementary material. Both vector and pathogen are introduced simultaneously at t=0 into a single 1km x 1km cell. Maps showing the density of infected citrus host units (E+C+I) within each cell at different times after introduction.</p> <p>Video 6: Spread of the pathogen in a single simulation in Region B (Andalusia) using baseline parameters for detection and control. Corresponds to Fig S17 in supplementary material. Maps show densities of infected citrus (E+C+I) in each 1km x 1km cell</p>
Data from: Characterizing and comparing the seasonality of influenza-like illnesses and invasive pneumococcal diseases using seasonal waveforms
The seasonalities of influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) remain incompletely understood. Experimental evidence indicates that influenza-virus infection predisposes to pneumococcal disease, so that a correspondence in the seasonal patterns of ILIs and IPDs might exist at the population level. We developed a method to characterize seasonality by means of easily interpretable summary statistics of seasonal shape—or seasonal waveforms. Non-linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate those waveforms based on weekly case reports of ILIs and IPDs in five regions spanning continental France from July 2000 to June 2014. We found high variability of ILI seasonality, with marked fluctuations of peak amplitudes and peak times, but a more conserved epidemic duration. In contrast, IPD seasonality was best modeled by a markedly regular seasonal baseline, punctuated by two winter peaks in late December–early January and January–February. Comparing ILI and IPD seasonal waveforms, we found indication of a small, positive correlation. Direct models regressing IPDs on ILIs provided comparable results, even though they estimated moderately larger associations. The method proposed is broadly applicable to diseases with unambiguous seasonality and is well-suited to analyze spatially or temporally grouped data, which are common in epidemiology.
Supplementary material 7 from: Muller E, Dvořák M, Marçais B, Caeiro E, Clot B, Desprez-Loustau M-L, Gedda B, Lundén K, Migliorini D, Oliver G, Ramos AP, Rigling D, Rybníček O, Santini A, Schneider S, Stenlid J, Tedeschini E, Aguayo J, Gomez-Gallego M (2023) Conditions of emergence of the Sooty Bark Disease and aerobiology of Cryptostroma corticale in Europe. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 319-347. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.90549
Coefficient estimate for each variable of maple basal area computed for different radius and their 95% credible intervals in brackets for models predicting the number of spores detected per week
Supplementary material 3 from: Muller E, Dvořák M, Marçais B, Caeiro E, Clot B, Desprez-Loustau M-L, Gedda B, Lundén K, Migliorini D, Oliver G, Ramos AP, Rigling D, Rybníček O, Santini A, Schneider S, Stenlid J, Tedeschini E, Aguayo J, Gomez-Gallego M (2023) Conditions of emergence of the Sooty Bark Disease and aerobiology of Cryptostroma corticale in Europe. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 319-347. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.90549
Standard curve and its correlation coefficient to determine the limit of detection for the real-time PCR assay in ten-folded DNA solutions of C. corticale mycelium (a) and total number of spores in the qPCR reaction (b)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.