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22 results for “display behavior”
Humans display a reduced set of consistent behavioral phenotypes in dyadic games
<p>Socially relevant situations that involve strategic interactions are widespread among animals and humans alike. To study these situations, theoretical and experimental research has adopted a game theoretical perspective, generating valuable insights about human behavior. However, most of the results reported so far have been obtained from a population perspective and considered one specific conflicting situation at a time. This makes it difficult to extract conclusions about the consistency of individuals’ behavior when facing different situations and to define a comprehensive classification of the strategies underlying the observed behaviors. We present the results of a lab-in-the-field experiment in which subjects face four different dyadic games, with the aim of establishing general behavioral rules dictating individuals’ actions. By analyzing our data with an unsupervised clustering algorithm, we find that all the subjects conform, with a large degree of consistency, to a limited number of behavioral phenotypes (envious, optimist, pessimist, and trustful), with only a small fraction of undefined subjects. We also discuss the possible connections to existing interpretations based on a priori theoretical approaches. Our findings provide a relevant contribution to the experimental and theoretical efforts toward the identification of basic behavioral phenotypes in a wider set of contexts without aprioristic assumptions regarding the rules or strategies behind actions. From this perspective, our work contributes to a fact-based approach to the study of human behavior in strategic situations, which could be applied to simulating societies, policy-making scenario building, and even a variety of business applications.</p> <p> </p> <p>The data from the "dr Brain" experiment is organized in two separated files: drbrain_users.csv<br> and drbrain_decisions.csv.</p> <p><br> 1.) drbrain_users.csv contains information about the participants of the experiment (or users).<br> There is one row per user, with the following information about each one of them:</p> <p>User_ID: unique ID number to identify the user.<br> Age: user's age<br> Gender: user's gender<br> Experiment_number: Number of the experiment the user participated in. For organizational reasons, our research actually was made 45 experiments (or replicas) run over a period of 2 days, each one run with differnt users. A user was only allowed to participate in one experiment. Each experiment included between 10-25 users typically, and they played around 13-18 game rounds, typically. Each round and each couple of users played in different games (that is, different values of S, Sucker's payoff, and T, Temptation to defect, while the values of P=5 , Punishment, and R=10, Reward, were always fixed).<br> Earnings: number of points the user obtained in total, over all rounds.</p> <p><br> 2.) drbrain_decisions.csv contains the information of the all game rounds for all experiments and all users.<br> User_ID: unique ID number to identify the user. <br> Experiment_number: Number of the experiment the user participated in.<br> Round_number: Number of the round within a given experiment.<br> S: Value for the "Sucker's payoff" in the game of that round.<br> T: Value for the "Temptation to defect" in the game of that round. <br> Game: Name of the game corresponding to those values of S and T for that round<br> Action: Action chosen by the user (C: cooperate, D: defect)<br> Opponent_ID: ID number of the user's opponent in that round. <br> Opponent_Action: Action (C or D) chosen by the user's opponent in that round.</p> <p>--------</p> <p>For more details, see our research article:</p> <p>Humans display a reduced set of consistent behavioral phenotypes in dyadic games.<br> Julia Poncela-Casasnovas, Mario Gutiérrez-Roig, Carlos Gracia-Lázaro, Julian Vicens, Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes, Josep Perelló, Yamir Moreno, Jordi Duch and Angel Sánchez.<br> Science Advances Vol. 2, no. 8, 2016.<br> DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600451<br> http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/8/e1600451</p>
Figure 2 in Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) display reduced pollen foraging behavior when marked with bee tags vs. paint
Figure 2. Curves showing the cumulative percentage of bees that performed sonication on Solanum lycopersicum L. after being marked with paint vs. bee tags, out of the total number of marked bees recovered by the end of the experiment (n paint = 83; n tag = 94; n missing = 34). The "+" symbols indicate censored data — bees that never were observed collecting pollen after being marked, within the time constraints of the experiment.
Data from: In love and war: the morphometric and phylogenetic basis of ornamentation, and the evolution of male display behavior, in the livebearer genus Poecilia
Exaggerated male traits under sexual selection are often used for both competition and courtship, raising the question of whether ornaments evolved simultaneously for both functions, or if use in one context preceded use in another. Here we apply a phylogenetic approach to study the evolution of ornamental dorsal fins in male poeciliid fish of the subgenera Mollienesia and Limia, which exhibit convergent development of an enlarged dorsal fin, and often direct erect-fin displays to male and female conspecifics. Unlike prior categorical assessments of poeciliid adornments, we measure dorsal fin exaggeration with a continuous index of ornamentation. Phylogenetic logistic and generalized least-squares regression analyses indicate that high index values are significantly associated with the use of two component postures of courtship and aggressive displays, dorsal fin erection and body curvature, but not with the presence of sexual dichromatism. Male displays initially evolved for male-male aggression in the common ancestor of Mollienesia and Limia, suggesting that this signal originated for competition, then became co-opted for courtship. These results support the armament-ornament hypothesis for evolution of exaggerated male traits, and are consistent with an evolutionary shift in the predominant mechanisms of sexual selection from intra- to intersexual.
Personality affects female mate choice: frogs displaying more consistent bold behaviors are choosier
<p>Mate choice is an important cause of natural and sexual selection, and drives the evolution and elaboration of male ornaments. Yet mate choice decisions are often neither consistent nor uniform, and a range of factors have been identified to influence variation between and within individuals. A potential source of variation influencing preferences and/or choosiness is animal personality, i.e., repeatable among-individual differences in behaviors. Not only may individuals differ in average personality phenotype, but also vary in how consistently they display said personality. Distinguishing between personality and consistency is important because both aspects are potentially naturally selected traits that may yet influence how sexually selected ornaments are evaluated. Here we use a predator evasion assay to test whether there is variation in boldness among female gray treefrogs (<em>Hyla versicolor</em>), and then examine whether personality traits (spectrum of shy to bold) are correlated with choosiness for longer duration calls. We document substantial and repeatable between-individual variation in boldness, suggesting the presence of animal personality. Results also reveal that the consistency with which females expressed boldness is independent from average personality phenotype and that it is correlated with choosiness: more consistently bold females were choosier. </p>
Data from: In love and war: the morphometric and phylogenetic basis of ornamentation, and the evolution of male display behavior, in the livebearer genus Poecilia
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Personality affects female mate choice: frogs displaying more consistent bold behaviors are choosier
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Data from: Hidden Markov models reveal tactical adjustment of temporally-clustered courtship displays in response to the behaviors of a robotic female
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FIGURE 4 in Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from morphology and display behavior
FIGURE 4. Summed scoring for plumage (for characters included, see Table 3), biometrics (see Table 4), and display behavior (see Fig. 3) in pairs of Ocreatus; line indicates critical threshold value (7) for species delimitation according to Tobias et al. (2010). Abbreviations: mel = melanantherus, per = peruanus, add = addae, ann = annae.
FIGURE 3 in Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from morphology and display behavior
FIGURE 3. Aerial displays of Ocreatus males, based on notes from field and laboratory observations by K.-L. Schuchmann (KLS) and C. Cordier (CC) (cf. Appendix 2; after Schuchmann 1987). A—addae (N> 15, April 1984–1992; Bolivia, Cochabamba, eastern slope, cloud forest, 2000 m a.s.l., CC; laboratory observations, Bonn, Germany, KLS): simple, repeated horizontal arc-flight of male in front of/above female without vocalizations, in annae with additional jerky sideward movements (not shown). B—peruanus (south of Quito, Ecuador, KLS): male with dive-in maneuvers with exposed leg puffs and vertically raised rectrices (in addition to A) without vocalizations. C—underwoodii (Mares, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, KLS): similar to B but male afterwards lifting back upwards and then rapidly beating the tail feathers down, producing a prominent, whip-like mechanical sound, which is responded to by female uttering high-pitched uttering calls. For detailed explanation see text. Rating of magnitudes for scoring analysis (cf. Fig. 4) was from 0 (addae vs. annae) to 2 (addae/annae vs. melanantherus). Drawings by S. Rick.
FIGURE 2 in Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from morphology and display behavior
FIGURE 2. Geographic variation in ventral patterns and tail morphology of Ocreatus taxa (all ZFMK collection, see nos.); for definition and comparison of color features and tail characteristics see Table 4. A—Males (from left to right): discifer (8967), underwoodii (8959), melanantherus (8981), peruanus (81350), annae (8996), addae (8995). Note throat and belly coloration, enlarged tibial tufts (vs. females), shape and size of flags, and position of elongated outermost rectrices (uncrossed/crossed) (for details, see text). B—Females (from left to right): polystictus (53357), underwoodii (87094), melanantherus (8988), peruanus (87094), annae (8999). Photographs by A.-A. Weller.
FIGURE 1 in Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from morphology and display behavior
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Ocreatus (taxonomy fide this study) in Venezuela and Colombia (A), from S Colombia to N Peru (B), and from S Peru to N Bolivia (C) based on specimen records, using color codes for pools (for reference letters and their localities, see Appendix 1); maps were obtained from Google Earth (Version 7.1.1.1888). Marks with asterisk indicate localities not referable to pools. A—from north to south: O. underwoodii polystictus—pool A (green); O. u. discifer—pool B (turquoise), pool C (blue), pool D (white); O. u. underwoodii—pool E (yellow), pool F (orange), pool G (red); O. u. incommodus—pool H (pink), pool J (purple), pool K (dark purple). B—from north to south: O. underwoodii melanantherus—pool L (white), pool M (yellow), pool N (orange), pool O (red); O. peruanus—pool P (pale turquoise), pool Q (turquoise), pool R (violet blue), pool S (light purple), pool T (dark purple). C—from north to south: O. annae—pool U (yellow), pool V (orange); O. addae—pool W (turquoise). Note that pools exclude immature specimens; for that and other reasons (see Discussion), possible parapatry of melanantherus and peruanus along the eastern Andean slope in Ecuador is not depicted.
Dataset for: Effects of local open raceme density, patch size, and distance between patches on pollinator behavior responding to floral display size in Salvia nipponica
<p>Flowers cluster at various spatial scales, so pollinators use information from multiple scales when foraging in natural plant populations. Little is known about the effects of interactions between scales or their relative strength. We examined bumblebee foraging behaviour in a natural population of <em>Salvia</em> <em>nipponica</em> in 10 and 7 patches in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We recorded within-patch factors (display size of racemes and local open raceme densities) and patch-level factors (patch size and distance from the nearest patch) and analysed their relationships with pollinator behaviour. The numbers of visits per raceme and flower were mainly affected by the interaction of patch size and raceme density; they were higher in locations with lower raceme density in larger patches. The ratio of flowers visited to all open flowers in a raceme during a raceme visit, which relates to a bumblebee's choice to leave a raceme, was mainly affected by the interaction of display size and local open raceme density; in 2019, it was higher in racemes with smaller display sizes, while in 2020 the strength and direction of the relationship depended on the open raceme density. These results suggest that pollinators relied on the sizes of flower clusters at different spatial scales when visiting and leaving racemes and adjusted their responses to the sizes of flower clusters depending on the distances between clusters. Therefore, it is important to evaluate factors at various spatial scales and their interactions to fully understand pollinator behaviour in natural plant populations.</p>
Dataset for: Effects of local open raceme density, patch size, and distance between patches on pollinator behavior responding to floral display size in Salvia nipponica
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Data from: Sexual selection across sensory modalities: female choice of male behavioral and gustatory displays
The role of cuticular hydrocarbons in sexual displays has received considerable interest over the last two decades. For example, multiple studies have documented significant directional and nonlinear sexual selection acting on the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of both male and female insects. The majority of these studies have excluded other sensory modalities that may influence attractiveness, and measured selection using laboratory raised individuals. Furthermore, much of this work has been conducted using drosophilid fruit flies and crickets, and investigations using different taxa are necessary to improve our understanding of broader taxonomic trends. Here we extend our understanding of sexual selection on cuticular hydrocarbons by measuring selection imposed by female mate choice on male bull-horned dung beetles, Onthophagus taurus. Both male and female beetles used in our study were collected from the field, ensuring that our estimates of selection incorporated some degree of naturally occurring variation in both cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and female mate preferences. Consistent with previous studies on this species, we found significant directional selection on male courtship displays. We also found significant nonlinear selection on the male cuticular hydrocarbon profile acting independently of the influence of behavioral courtship. Our data are consistent with a role for cuticular hydrocarbons in the mating system of this species and suggest that female O. taurus use multiple sensory modalities to assess different aspects of male quality.
Data from: Adaptive evolution of a derived radius morphology in manakins (Aves, Pipridae) to support acrobatic display behavior
The morphology of the avian skeleton is often studied in the context of adaptations for powered flight. The effects of other evolutionary forces, such as sexual selection, on avian skeletal design are unclear, even though birds produce diverse behaviors that undoubtedly require a variety of osteological modifications. Here, we investigate this issue in a family of passerine birds called manakins (Pipridae), which have evolved physically unusual and elaborate courtship displays. We report that, in species within the genus Manacus, the shaft of the radius is heavily flattened and shows substantial solidification. Past work anecdotally notes this morphology and attributes it to the species' ability to hit their wings together above their heads to produce loud mechanical sonations. Our results show that this feature is unique to Manacus compared to the other species in our study, including a variety of taxa that produce other sonations through alternate wing mechanisms. At the same time, our data reveal striking similarities across species in total radius volume and solidification. Together, this suggests that supposedly adaptive alterations in radial morphology occur within a conserved framework of a set radius volume and solidness, which in turn is likely determined by natural selection. Further allometric analyses imply that the radius is less constrained by body size and the structural demands that underlie powered flight, compared to other forelimb bones that are mostly unmodified across taxa. These results are consistent with the idea that the radius is more susceptible to selective modification by sexual selection. Overall, this study provides some of the first insight into the osteological evolution of passerine birds, as well as the way in which opposing selective forces can shape skeletal design in these species.
Figure 1 in Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) display reduced pollen foraging behavior when marked with bee tags vs. paint
Figure 1. Individuals of Bombus (Pyrobombus) impatiens Cresson marked with bee tags (left) and paint (right). Scale bar = 1 cm.
Data from: Adaptive evolution of a derived radius morphology in manakins (Aves, Pipridae) to support acrobatic display behavior
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Data from: Sexual selection across sensory modalities: female choice of male behavioral and gustatory displays
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Rhizopus stolonifer displays necrotrophic behavior when infecting fruit in postharvest
GEO Series GSE232735. Rhizopus stolonifer; Fragaria x ananassa; Prunus domestica; Solanum lycopersicum; Vitis vinifera. 49 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Pancreatic cancer stem-like cells display aggressive behavior mediated via activation of FoxQ1
GEO Series GSE51971. Homo sapiens. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.