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15 results for “disruptive coloration”
Fig. 4 in Disruptive coloration and habitat use by seahorses
Fig. 4. Plain-colored (Left column) seahorses occupy similar background color, while banded disruptive seahorses (Right column) occupy more diverse habitats.
Fig. 3 in New Jurassic tettigarctid cicadas from China with a novel example of disruptive coloration
Fig. 3. Hairy cicada Sanmai mengi sp. nov., holotype (STMN48-1802) from the upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds. Photograph (A), explanatory drawing (B).
Fig. 4 in New Jurassic tettigarctid cicadas from China with a novel example of disruptive coloration
Fig. 4. Hairy cicada Sanmai xuni sp. nov. from the upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds. A. Holotype STMN48-1803. Photograph (A1), explanatory drawing (A2), enlargement of head (A3). B. Paratype STMN48-1804. Photograph (B1), explanatory drawing of hind wing (B2, horizontal mirror), photomicrograph of ovipositor and pygofer (B3). C. Paratype STMN48-1805. Photograph (C1); photomicrograph of antenna, showing segments of flagellum arrowheads) (C2); photomicrograph of part of rostrum (C3). Abbreviations: CuA, anterior branch of the cubitus vein; M, media vein; RA, anterior branch of the radial vein; RP, posterior branch of the radial vein.
Fig. 2 in New Jurassic tettigarctid cicadas from China with a novel example of disruptive coloration
Fig. 2. Hairy cicada Sanmai kongi sp. nov. from the upper Middle–lower Upper Jurassic Daohugou beds. A. Holotype STMN48-1800a. Photograph under alcohol (A1), explanatory drawing (A2). Hind leg (A3). Enlargement of apical teeth set of hind tibia (A4). Photomicrograph of ovipositor (A5). B. Paratype STMN48-1801. Photograph (B1), photomicrograph of male genitalia (B2). Abbreviations: A, anal vein; CuA, anterior branch of the cubitus vein; CuP, posterior branch of the cubitus vein; M, media vein; RA, anterior branch of the radial vein; RP, posterior branch of the radial vein; ScP, posterior branch of the subcosta vein; u, ulnar cell.
Fig. 1 in New Jurassic tettigarctid cicadas from China with a novel example of disruptive coloration
Fig. 1. Distribution of the localities and strata of Architettigini, Turutanoviini, and Sanmai gen. nov. 1, northeastern Brazil (Hamilton 1990); 2, England Whalley 1985); 3, Kazakhstan (Shcherbakov and Popov 2002; Shcherbakov 2009); 4, Tajikistan (Becker-Migdisova 1949); 5, Ust'-Baley, southern Siberia (Shcherbakov 1985); 6, Myangad, western Mongolia (Shcherbakov 1986); 7, northeastern China (Wang and Zhang 2009; this study).
Data from: Disruptive selection and the evolution of discrete color morphs in Timema stick insects
<p>A major unresolved issue in biology is why phenotypic and genetic variation is sometimes continuous, yet other times packaged into discrete units of diversity, such as morphs, ecotypes, and species. In theory, ecological discontinuities can impose strong disruptive selection that promotes the evolution of discrete forms, but direct tests of this hypothesis are lacking. Here we show that <span><em>Timema</em> </span>stick insects exhibit genetically-determined color morphs that range from weakly to strongly discontinuous. Color data from nature and a manipulative field experiment demonstrate that greater morph differentiation is associated with shifts from host plants exhibiting more continuous color variation to those exhibiting greater coloration distance between green leaves and brown stems, the latter of which generates strong disruptive selection. Our results show how ecological factors can promote discrete variation, and we further present results on how this can have variable effects on the genetic differentiation that promotes speciation.</p>
Data from: Disruptive selection and the evolution of discrete color morphs in Timema stick insects
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Data from: Background matching, disruptive coloration and differential use of microhabitats in two neotropical grasshoppers with sexual dichromatism
<div class="a3s aXjCH msg-1980557116638596178"> <div> <div class="m_-1980557116638596178WordSection1"> <p>Cryptic coloration is an adaptative defensive mechanism against predators. Color patterns can become cryptic through background coloration-matching and disruptive coloration. Disruptive coloration may evolve in visually heterogeneous microhabitats, whereas background matching could be favored in chromatically homogeneous microhabitats. In this work, we used digital photography to explore the potential use of disruptive coloration and background matching in males and females of two grasshopper species of the <i>Sphenarium </i>genus in different habitats. We found chromatic differences in the two grasshopper species that may be explained by local adaptation. We also found that the females and males of both species are dichromatic and seem to follow different color cryptic strategies, males are more disruptive than females, whereas females have a high background matching with less disruptive elements. The selective pressures of the predators in different microhabitats and the differences in mobility between sexes may explain the color pattern divergence between females and males. Nevertheless, more field experiments are needed in order to understand the relative importance of disruptive and background matching coloration in the evolution of sexual dichromatism in these grasshoppers.</p> </div> </div> </div>
Data from: Background matching, disruptive coloration and differential use of microhabitats in two neotropical grasshoppers with sexual dichromatism
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Data from: Keeping the band together: evidence for false boundary disruptive coloration in a butterfly
There is a recent surge of evidence supporting disruptive coloration, in which patterns break up the animal's outline through false edges or boundaries, increasing survival in animals by reducing predator detection and/or preventing recognition. Though research has demonstrated that false edges are successful for reducing predation of prey, research into the role of internal false boundaries (i.e., stripes and bands) in reducing predation remains warranted. Many animals, have stripes and bands that may function disruptively. Here we test the possible disruptive function of wing band patterning in a butterfly, Anartia fatima, using artificial paper and plasticine models in Panama. We manipulated the band so that one model type had the band shifted to the wing margin (non-disruptive treatment) and another model had a discontinuous band located on the wing margin (discontinuous edge treatment). We kept the natural wing pattern to represent the false boundary treatment. Across all treatment groups, we standardized the area of color and used avian visual models to confirm a match between manipulated and natural wing colors. False boundary models had higher survival than either the discontinuous edge model or the non-disruptive model. There was no survival difference between the discontinuous edge model and the non-disruptive model. Our results demonstrate the importance of wing bands in reducing predation on butterflies and show that markings set in from the wing margin can reduce predation more effectively than marginal bands and discontinuous marginal patterns. This study demonstrates an adaptive benefit of having stripes and bands.
Data from: Keeping the band together: evidence for false boundary disruptive coloration in a butterfly
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Fig. 2 in Disruptive coloration and habitat use by seahorses
Fig. 2. Percentage of occurrence of body-color for each color morph of Hippocampus reidi (dark colored bars: disruptive morph; light-colored bars: plain morph). Tags above each column indicate the absolute number of individuals.
Fig. 5 in Disruptive coloration and habitat use by seahorses
Fig. 5. Percentage of occurrence of individuals of Hippocampus reidi with body-color different from the background color, for each color morph. Tags above each column indicate the absolute number of individuals.
Fig. 3 in Disruptive coloration and habitat use by seahorses
Fig. 3. Connectance of the two seahorse Hippocampus reidi color morphs to the background color (a) and holdfast (b). In parentheses is the value for the connectance index. Sup. Plant = Superior plants.
Fig. 1 in Disruptive coloration and habitat use by seahorses
Fig. 1. Study area in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Image source: Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais CC-BY 3.0).
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