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49 results for “distance measurement”
INTERPNT Software for Mapping Trees Using Distance Measurements
The INTERPNT method can be used to produce accurate maps of trees based solely on tree diameter and tree-to-tree distance measurements. For additional details on the technique please see the published paper (Boose, E. R., E. F. Boose and A. L. Lezberg. 1998. A practical method for mapping trees using distance measurements. Ecology 79: 819-827). Additional information is contained in the documentation that accompanies the program. The Abstract from the paper is reproduced below. "Accurate maps of the locations of trees are useful for many ecological studies but are often difficult to obtain with traditional surveying methods because the trees hinder line of sight measurements. An alternative method, inspired by earlier work of F. Rohlf and J. Archie, is presented. This "Interpoint method" is based solely on tree diameter and tree-to-tree distance measurements. A computer performs the necessary triangulation and detects gross errors. The Interpoint method was used to map trees in seven long-term study plots at the Harvard Forest, ranging from 0.25 ha (200 trees) to 0.80 ha (889 trees). The question of accumulation of error was addressed though a computer simulation designed to model field conditions as closely as possible. The simulation showed that the technique is highly accurate and that errors accumulate quite slowly if measurements are made with reasonable care (e.g., average predicted location errors after 1,000 trees and after 10,000 trees were 9 cm and 15 cm, respectively, for measurement errors comparable to field conditions; similar values were obtained in an independent survey of one of the field plots). The technique requires only measuring tapes, a computer, and two or three field personnel. Previous field experience is not required. The Interpoint method is a good choice for mapping trees where a high level of accuracy is desired, especially where expensive surveying equipment and trained personnel are not available."
Point-Quarter Distance and Dimension Measurements to Calculate Shrub Density and Estimate Shrub ANPP in a Chihuahuan Desert Creosote Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
In an effort to better quantify NPP of Creosotebush in the Five-Points region, it was decided to test the Point-Quarter method against the standard 1-m2 quadrat method that has been in use since 1998. Transects were laid out across the 5 mammal trapping webs as well as across burned and unburned plots of the Mixed Shrub site (MS). Repeated measures of the same bushes are performed seasonally. Whole shrubs of various size classes are collected, sorted, and weighed to develop regressions for biomass. Purpose: Data was collected initially to determine density and dimensions of creosote bush in the Five points area on core rodent webs and on burned and unburned plots following the 2003 prescribed burn. It was decided to expand the project by continuing measurements through time to quantify the change in shrub size and with simultaneous harvest of shrubs to measure NPP.
A Free Database of Head-Related Impulse Response Measurements in the Horizontal Plane with Multiple Distances (MAT-Version)
<p>Head related impulse response measurements with the KEMAR dummy head performed in an anechoic chamber with a resolution of 1°. The impulse responses are provided for different distances and are accompanied by headphone compensation filters.</p> <p>This entry stores the measurements in the MAT format for use in Matlab/Octave. The measurements are identical to the once stored in the SOFA format available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55418">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55418</a></p>
A Free Database of Head-Related Impulse Response Measurements in the Horizontal Plane with Multiple Distances
<p>Head related impulse response measurements with the KEMAR dummy head performed in an anechoic chamber with a resolution of 1°. The impulse responses are provided for different distances and are accompanied by headphone compensation filters.</p> <p>For details have a look at README.md.</p> <p>The same measurement can be downloaded as MAT files at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4459911">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4459911</a></p> <p>This dataset is further described in (see the PDF file)</p> <p>H. Wierstorf, M. Geier, A. Raake, S. Spors - A Free Database of Head-Related<br> Impulse Response Measurements in the Horizontal Plane with Multiple Distances.<br> In 130th AES Conv. 2011, eBrief 6.</p> <p> </p>
Repeated and multivariate measures of perceived distance
<p>A dataset of repeated measures of distance perception at physical distances of 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 meters. The data are also multivariate, with five dependent measures of distance perception. This is a 5 (physical distance) x 5 (dependent measure) within-participants design with a sample size of 46. Note data is missing for 15 trials due participant and experimenter errors.</p> <p>The csv file has 230 rows and 7 columns.</p> <p><em>Subject</em>: Unique identifier for each participant. <br> <em>Physical Distance</em>: Physical distance from the participant to the target cone, in meters.<br> <em>Blindwalk Away</em>: Participants put on the blindfold after viewing the target. Next, participants took one step to the left and turned 180 degrees to face the opposite direction. Participants were instructed to walk forward until they had walked the original distance to the target. <br> <em>Blindwalk Toward</em>: Participants put on the blindfold after viewing the target. Next, participants walked forward until they thought they had reached the target cone.<br> <em>Triangulated BW:</em> Participants put on the blindfold after viewing the target. Next, participants turned right 90 degrees and walked<br> forward 5 meters. The experimenter told participants when to stop walking. Finally, participants turned to face toward the target and walked forward two steps.<br> <em>Verbal:</em> Participants stated the distance between the target cone and themselves, in feet and inches. <br> <em>Visual Matching:</em> An experimenter stood next to the target cone and walked away from the cone in a straight line that was <br> perpendicular to the extent between the target and the participant. Participants instructed the experimenter to stop walking when they thought that the distance between the target and the experimenter was equal to the target distance.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances with JWST. II. I−band Measurements in a Sample of Hosts of 10 SN Ia Match HST Cepheids
<p>Data for: "Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distances with JWST. II. I−band Measurements in a Sample of Hosts of 10 SN Ia Match HST Cepheids". The photometry provided is after DOLPHOT quality cuts, foreground extinction corrections, and spatial cuts.</p>
Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
<p>Birdsong is typically seen as a long-range signal functioning in mate attraction and territory defense. Among birds, the zebra finch is the prime model organism in bioacoustics, yet almost exclusively studied in the lab. In the wild, however, zebra finch song differs strikingly from songbirds commonly studied in the wild as zebra finch males sing most after mating and in the absence of territoriality. Using data from the wild, we here provide an ecological context for a wealth of laboratory studies. By integrating calibrated sound recordings, sound transmission experiments and social ecology of zebra finches in the wild with insights from hearing physiology we show that wild zebra finch song is a very short-range signal with an audible range of about nine meters and that even the louder distance calls do not carry much farther (up to about fourteen meters). These integrated findings provide an ecological context for the interpretation of laboratory studies of this species and indicate that the vocal communication distance of the main laboratory species for avian acoustics contrasts strikingly with songbirds that use their song as a long-range advertisement signal.</p>
Data from: A user-friendly guide to using distance measures to compare time series in ecology
<p>Time series are a critical component of ecological analysis, used to track changes in biotic and abiotic variables. Information can be extracted from the properties of time series for tasks such as classification (e.g. assigning species to individual bird calls); clustering (e.g. clustering similar responses in population dynamics to abrupt changes in the environment or management interventions); prediction (e.g. accuracy of model predictions to original time series data); and anomaly detection (e.g. detecting possible catastrophic events from population time series). These common tasks in ecological research rely on the notion of (dis-) similarity, which can be determined using distance measures. A plethora of distance measures have been described, predominantly in the computer and information sciences, but many have not been introduced to ecologists. Furthermore, little is known about how to select appropriate distance measures for time-series-related tasks. Therefore, many potential applications remain unexplored.</p> <p>Here we describe 16 properties of distance measures that are likely to be of importance to a variety of ecological questions involving time series. We then test 42 distance measures for each property and use the results to develop an objective method to select appropriate distance measures for any task and ecological dataset. We demonstrate our selection method by applying it to a set of real-world data on breeding bird populations in the UK and discuss other potential applications for distance measures, along with associated technical issues common in ecology.</p> <p>Our real-world population trends exhibit a common challenge for time series comparisons: a high level of stochasticity. We demonstrate two different ways of overcoming this challenge, first by selecting distance measures with properties that make them well-suited to comparing noisy time series, and second by applying a smoothing algorithm before selecting appropriate distance measures. In both cases, the distance measures chosen through our selection method are not only fit-for-purpose but are consistent in their rankings of the population trends.</p> <p>The results of our study should lead to an improved understanding of, and greater scope for, the use of distance measures for comparing ecological time series, and help us answer new ecological questions.</p>
Data from: A user-friendly guide to using distance measures to compare time series in ecology
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Zebra finch song and distance call amplitude measurements: A transmission experiment and observational transects in the natural environment
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Consistent measures of oxidative balance predict survival but not reproduction in a long-distance migrant
1. Physiological processes, including those that disrupt oxidative balance, have been proposed as key to understanding fundamental life history trade-offs. Yet examination of changes in oxidative balance within wild animals across time, space and major life history challenges remain uncommon. For example, migration presents substantial physiological challenges for individuals, and data on migratory individuals would provide crucial context for exposing the importance of relationships between oxidative balance and fitness outcomes. 2. Here we examined the consistency of commonly used measures of oxidative balance in longitudinally sampled free-living individuals of a long-lived, long-distance migrant, the Brent goose Branta bernicla hrota over periods of months to years. 3. Although inter-individual and temporal variation in measures of oxidative balance were substantial, we found high consistency in measures of lipid peroxidation and circulating non-enzymatic antioxidants in longitudinally sampled individuals. This suggests the potential for the existence of individual oxidative phenotypes. 4. Given intra-individual consistency, we then examined how these physiological measures relate to survival and reproductive success across all sampled individuals. Surprisingly, lower survival was predicted for individuals with lower levels of damage, with no measured physiological metric associated with reproductive success. 5. Our results demonstrate that snapshot measurements of a consistent measure of oxidative balance can inform our understanding of differences in a key demographic trait. However, the positive relationship between oxidative damage and survival emphasises the need to investigate relationships between the oxidative system and fitness outcomes in other species undergoing similar physiologically challenging lifecycles. This would highlight the extent to which variation in such traits and resource allocation trade-offs is a result of adaptation to different life history strategies. 30-Mar-2020
Data from: The Chord-Normalized Expected Species Shared (CNESS)-distance represents a superior measure of species turnover patterns
<p>1. Measures of β-diversity characterizing the difference in species composition between samples are commonly used in ecological studies. Nonetheless, commonly used dissimilarity measures require high sample completeness, or at least similar sample sizes between samples. In contrast, the Chord-Normalized Expected Species Shared (CNESS) dissimilarity measure calculates the probability of collecting the same set of species in random samples of a standardized size, and hence is not sensitive to completeness or size of compared samples. To date, this index has enjoyed limited use due to difficulties in its calculation and scarcity of studies systematically comparing it with other measures.</p> <p>2. Here, we developed a novel R function that enables users to calculate ESS (Expected Species Shared)-associated measures. We evaluate the performance of the CNESS index based on simulated datasets of known species distribution structure, and compared CNESS with more widespread dissimilarity measures (Bray-Curtis index, Chao-Sørensen index, and proportionality based Euclidean distances) for varying sample completeness and sample sizes.</p> <p>3. Simulation results indicated that for small sample size (m) values, CNESS chiefly reflects similarities in dominant species, while selecting large m values emphasizes differences in the overall species assemblages. Permutation tests revealed that CNESS has a consistently low CV (coefficient of variation) even where sample completeness varies, while the Chao-Sørensen index has a high CV particularly for low sampling completeness. CNESS distances are also more robust than other indices with regards to undersampling, particularly when chiefly rare species are shared between two assemblages.</p> <p>4. Our results emphasize the superiority of CNESS for comparisons of samples diverging in sample completeness and size, which is particularly important in studies of highly mobile and species-rich taxa where sample completeness is often low. Via changes in the sample size parameter m, CNESS furthermore cannot only provide insights into the similarity of the overall distribution structure of shared species, but also into the differences in dominant and rare species, hence allowing additional, valuable insights beyond the capability of more widespread measures.<br> </p>
Measures of the heights of the letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia, and, distances between lines and between letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia.
<p>Measures of the heights of the letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia, and, distances between lines and between letters of the ostraca with scale of Iruña-Veleia.</p>
Simplified Trigonometric Method for Distance Measurements
<p>This research paper introduces a simplified trigonometric method for measuring the distance to celestial objects using angular measurements and basic geometry. The methodology involves capturing the angular size of an object from two distinct positions along a known baseline, utilizing trigonometric relationships to derive a precise formula. The approach was validated by calculating the Moon's distance from Earth using angular measurements, yielding a result closely matching the Moon's average distance. This accessible method has potential applications for amateur astronomers, educators, and anyone interested in celestial distance measurement without relying on advanced equipment.</p>
Does the social distancing measures impact collaboration in software processes?
<p>Context: Social distancing measures to reduce the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic bring challenges for several organizations<br> and their Information Systems (IS). Problem: Social distancing were suddenly implemented, with no adequate planning. Furthermore, there is not a clear understanding of the impacts of social distancing measures on the software development teams’ work. Solution: This study aims to identify the presence and impacts of social distancing on collaboration between people, as well as<br> on activities and technologies used in software development, from the perspective of professionals who work in software development teams. IS Theory: The research was developed under the aegis of the Team Resilience Theory. Method: A field study was conducted based on structured interviews and qualitative analysis. Results: In general, it was observed no impact on the software processes activities, although their performance was affected. It was also observed that the impact on the collaboration dynamics in software development was perceived in different ways, by several team members. This study identified the most common tools used by organizations, as well as the benefits and challenges of collaboration in software development after social distancing measures. Contribution: The impacts of social distancing on collaboration in software development were identified, reinforcing the Team Resilience Theory and similar study conducted in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to the Grand Research Challenge "Systemic and Socially Aware Perspective for Information Systems".</p>
Electronic Distance Measurements (EDM) on active Sicilian Volcanoes (1975-2009).
<p><strong>File descriptions</strong>: This dataset includes ca. 8000 Electronic Distance Measurements (EDM) collected from 1974 to 2009 on several networks installed on Sicilian Volcanoes (Vulcano, Stromboli, Etna and Pantelleria).<br> EDM represent one of the first methods to detect ground deformation on volcanoes having been used since 1964 on Kilauea (Hawaii). It is a precise technique that uses a laser to measure the transit time of light between a base station to the reflecting prisms positioned around the volcano; the repetition of these measurements in time allows one to monitor the slope distance variations.<br> EDM is a powerful tool for volcano monitoring that has been useful to define the features of magmatic and hydrothermal sources as their volume, position, geometry, and dynamics. Moreover, this technique has been largely used on volcanoes in 70th to 90th years until the 2000s when it has been gradually abandoned in favor of GPS.<br> This dataset reports data obtained on several Sicilian volcanoes (Etna, Vulcano, Stromboli and Pantelleria) from the early ’70 to until the 2000s, in which EDM measurements have played a major role in volcanic process knowledge and that make the Sicilian volcanoes among the ones with the longest geodetic record in the World.<br> Database has been organized on Microsoft Excel files and each file reports the network name (the networks list is in Table1.xls).<br> Inside each data file (in “database” directory), there are two sheets with a sheet reporting all measured distances and a table with associated errors. The position of each benchmark is reported on specific coordinate network files in “benchmarks coordinates” directory). All the coordinates have been obtained with GPS technique, except for the Ionica network where they have been derived from paper maps and therefore suffer by a bigger approximation.<br> In the data files, rows show the measurement date, the instrument model and recorded values; in the first column, the pairs of benchmarks considered are reported.<br> The networks Etna S and Etna NE have additional files, reporting the most frequent measurements taken during the eruptive crises of July 2001 (onset of 2001 eruption) and of October 2002 (onset of the 2002-03 eruption).<br> Almost all networks were measured using both the AGA6BL and the AGA 6000 Geodimeters. In the files, the survey in which the transition from one instrument to the other took place is highlighted. In those surveys, measurements were performed with both instruments in order to maintain the time-series continuity. Furthermore, in the tables “double” measurements related also to reflectors changes or new benchmarks have been highlighted.</p>
Relative Distance Measurement with NSense
<p>We have carried out a set of experiments with our middleware NSense installed on three devices and carried by three different individuals. The devices were Samsung S5 Galaxy, Android version 6.0.1. Each device was named User1, User2, and User3. Each experimental scene involved 2 devices (e.g., User1 to User2 or User3 to User1 readings) positioned in different locations, indoor or outdoor, on the same floor or in different floors, within and without LoS. For each scenario, the real distance has been measured horizontally or, if on different floors, vertically. LoS is 1 if the path was free of obstacles and 0 if there were obstacles on the way; SameFloor is 1 if the users are on the same floor and 0 otherwise; Outdoor is 1 if users are outdoors and 0 otherwise; the real distance between the devices, in meters. The experiments have been developed over two weeks, between 10 a.m. and 17 p.m. of different working days of the week. There are two different datasets: BTDataset.csv WiFiDataset.csv Each dataset has the following variables: - timestamp - own_device (identifier of the device) - rssi, RSSI in dB - Scale, RSSI levels (1 as Very Weak, 2 as Weak , 3 as Mild, 4 as Strong and 5 as Very Strong). RSSI deterministic levels are based upon the Android getLevel() method. - freq, corresponding to the sub-frequency of the channel - computed distance, in meters - scenario, label of the different scenarios - refer to ScenarioDescription.xls - realdistance in meters - line_of_sight. 1 for LoS; 0 for nLoS - same floor. 1 for users standing on the same floor; 0 for different floors - outdoor, 1 for both users being outdoors; 0 otherwise - connected_device, device from which the RSSI is being obtained.</p>
TRADE4SD Deliverable 2.3: Database and infographics on standards rapprochement: STCs and bilateral measure of distance on pesticides and antibiotics
<p><span>One of the objectives of the Horizon2020 project “TRADE4SD” is to offer policy recommendations for improving trade policies at the national, European, and global levels, including reforms to the WTO, and to enhance policy alignment. To achieve this goal, it is essential to address the impact of NTMs, which, despite their increasing use, remain largely underexplored in terms of the effects on international trade. This limited understanding is due to the complexity of NTMs and their effects are difficult to generalise. Several critical areas related to NTMs and their implications for international trade require further investigation, which “TRADE4SD” seeks to address. This work explores how NTMs affect market access for developing countries, as these nations may face various challenges, such as limited capabilities, technological gaps, weaker infrastructures and institutions, and asymmetric information. More specifically, “TRADE4SD” aims to identify best practices for improving the management of SPS, which are essential for enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural and food exports. Strengthening SPS capacity is also vital for boosting productivity in the agricultural and food processing industries, contributing to agricultural and rural development, and helping to alleviate poverty. </span></p> <p><span>This deliverable consists of two main sections: one addressing Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for pesticides and antibiotics and the other focusing on Specific Trade Concerns (STCs). </span></p> <p><span>In the first section, we analysed the regulations and then acquired and processed the data to create the databases, which we later used to develop the indices and infographics (for both pesticides and antibiotics).</span></p> <p><span>In the STCs section, we analysed WTO documentation on all open disputes and verified their status. During our analysis, we identified the relationships between STCs and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, we developed the infographics.</span></p>
Dataset related to publication "Improved acoustic thermometry for long-distance temperature measurements"
<p>The zip folder contains dataset used in paper "Improved acoustic thermometry for long-distance temperature measurements" to be published in <em>Sensors </em><strong>2023</strong><em>, 23. </em>Two txt files are provided to explain the content of the csv files.</p> <p>The data were produced within the EMPIR project 17IND03 LaVA, Large Volume Metrology Application.</p>
Dataset for "Excellent test-retest reliability of the six-minute walking distance measured by FeetMe insoles during tests conducted with a one-week interval by completely unassisted healthy adults in their homes."
<p>This is the dataset used in the scientific article "Excellent test-retest reliability of the six-minute walking distance measured by FeetMe insoles during tests conducted with a one-week interval by completely unassisted healthy adults in their homes." Participants (n=21) performed two 6MWTs at home while wearing the FeetMe<sup> </sup>insoles, and two 6MWTs at hospital while wearing FeetMe<sup> </sup>insoles and being assessed by a rater. All assessments were performed with a one-week interval between tests, no assistance was provided to the participants at home. Each column represents the 6MWD for each participant at one of the visits and using one of the measurement methods. Columns' headers provide clear description of the corresponding condition.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.