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19 results for “dominance rank”
Cover and rank percentile of initially dominant species in global Nutrient Network plots from 2007-2023
This dataset uses data from the NutNet dataset to examine the factors controlling how initially dominant species decay in dominance through time. We use data from all sites that had NPK and/or fencing treatments and pre-treatment when data was downloaded in 2021; 90 sites in all were used. Perturbations were NPK treatments (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients) and fencing (vertebrate herbivore exclusion). Dominance was quantified as the rank percentile of a species in each year. Rank percentiles range from 1 (most abundant) to 0 (absent), with decimal values indicating relative rank - e.g. a species with rank 0.6 is more abundant than 60% of co-occurring species. Thus, only species with a rank of 1 in year o (pre-treatment) are included in this dataset. Covariates for examining rates of dominance decay include plot level initial and yearly cover values, both absolute and relativized; species provenance, lifespan, and functional group; site level climate variables and site richness.
Adopted Ranking Methodology for Emerging National Importance Technical Institutions: A Correlation Analysis and Dominance of Research Performance Indicators
<p>The article presents the research performance of newly established technical institutes in India. It gives an overview of NTU and NIRF ranking methodologies. This research would help institutions to check their performance and identify ways to strengthen their rank by producing more output with high-impact research work. The article provides appropriate input to the technical institutions under the study to set out practical and pedagogical approaches, and cross-institutional as well as international collaboration to achieve their research goals. The article gives rank to the technical institutes under the study based on their research performance using the NTU ranking methodology.</p>
Urine washing and urinary odor profiles in relation to dominance rank status in wild male capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator)
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Relationship between dominance hierarchy steepness and rank-relatedness of benefits in primates
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Dominance rank, facial morphology, and testes size in male white-faced capuchins: evidence for pre- and post-mating competition
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Data from: Higher dominance rank is associated with lower glucocorticoids in wild female baboons: A rank metric comparison
<p>In vertebrates, glucocorticoid secretion occurs in response to energetic and psychosocial stressors that trigger the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Measuring glucocorticoid concentrations can therefore shed light on the stressors associated with different social and environmental variables, including dominance rank. Using 14,172 fecal samples from 237 wild female baboons, we test the hypothesis that high-ranking females experience fewer psychosocial and/or energetic stressors than lower-ranking females. We predicted that high-ranking females would have lower fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) concentrations than low-ranking females. Because dominance rank can be measured in multiple ways, we employ an information theoretic approach to compare 5 different measures of rank as predictors of fGC concentrations: ordinal rank; proportional rank; Elo rating; and two approaches to categorical ranking (alpha vs non-alpha and high-middle-low).</p> <p>Our hypothesis was supported, but it was also too simplistic. We found that alpha females exhibited substantially lower fGCs than other females (typical reduction = 8.2%). If we used proportional rank instead of alpha- versus non-alpha status in the model, we observed a weak effect of rank such that fGCs rose 4.2% from the highest- to lowest-ranking female in the hierarchy. Models using ordinal rank, Elo rating, or high-middle-low categories alone failed to explain variation in female fGCs. Our findings shed new light on the association between dominance rank and the stress response, the competitive landscape of female baboons as compared to males, and the assumptions inherent in a researcher's choice of rank metric.</p>
Data from: Complex sources of variance in female dominance rank in a nepotistic society
Many mammalian societies are structured by dominance hierarchies, and an individual's position within this hierarchy can influence reproduction, behaviour, physiology and health. In nepotistic hierarchies, which are common in cercopithecine primates and also seen in spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, adult daughters are expected to rank immediately below their mother, and in reverse age order (a phenomenon known as 'youngest ascendancy'). This pattern is well described, but few studies have systematically examined the frequency or causes of departures from the expected pattern. Using a longitudinal data set from a natural population of yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalus, we measured the influence of maternal kin, paternal kin and group size on female rank positions at two life history milestones, menarche and first live birth. At menarche, most females (73%) ranked adjacent to their family members (i.e. the female held an ordinal rank in consecutive order with other members of her maternal family); however, only 33% of females showed youngest ascendancy within their matriline at menarche. By the time they experienced their first live birth, many females had improved their dominance rank: 78% ranked adjacent to their family members and 49% showed youngest ascendancy within their matriline. The presence of mothers and maternal sisters exerted a powerful influence on rank outcomes. However, the presence of fathers, brothers and paternal siblings did not produce a clear effect on female dominance rank in our analyses, perhaps because females in our data set co-resided with variable numbers and types of paternal and male relatives. Our results also raise the possibility that female body size or competitive ability may influence dominance rank, even in this classically nepotistic species. In total, our analyses reveal that the predictors of dominance rank in nepotistic rank systems are much more complex than previously thought.
Data from: Dominance rank and boldness predict social attraction in great tits
Social relationships can have important fitness consequences, and how well an individual is socially connected often correlates with other behavioral traits. Whether such correlations are caused by underlying individual differences in social attraction usually remains unclear, because to identify effects of individual traits on social attraction, it is essential to experimentally exclude the influence of the social partner. Using standardized high-definition video playback on captive great tits (Parus major), we effectively demonstrate the influence of individual traits on the motivation to be near a conspecific. We show that social attraction varied contrastingly with boldness and stimulus novelty. Shyer birds tended to show stronger social attraction when they were confronted with the stimulus bird for the first time. Lower ranked birds showed the overall strongest social attraction. This rank effect remained after experimentally changing dominance ranks by altering group compositions. Moreover, preference for social association tended to increase with a decrease in dominance rank, suggesting that birds plastically change their social preference in relation to their within-group dominance status. Our results provide insight into how social relations can form and change, processes that are key for understanding the long-term consequences of the social environment, and the role individuals might play in influencing this environment themselves.
Data from: Canine length in wild male baboons: maturation, aging and social dominance rank
Canines represent an essential component of the dentition for any heterodont mammal. In primates, like many other mammals, canines are frequently used as weapons. Hence, tooth size and wear may have significant implications for fighting ability, and consequently for social dominance rank, reproductive success, and fitness. We evaluated sources of variance in canine growth and length in a well-studied wild primate population because of the potential importance of canines for male reproductive success in many primates. Specifically, we measured maxillary canine length in 80 wild male baboons (aged 5.04–20.45 years) from the Amboseli ecosystem in southern Kenya, and examined its relationship with maturation, age, and social dominance rank. In our analysis of maturation, we compared food-enhanced baboons (those that fed part time at a refuse pit associated with a tourist lodge) with wild-feeding males, and found that food-enhanced males achieved long canines earlier than wild-feeding males. Among adult males, canine length decreased with age because of tooth wear. We found some evidence that, after controlling for age, longer canines were associated with higher adult dominance rank (accounting for 9% of the variance in rank), but only among relatively high-ranking males. This result supports the idea that social rank, and thus reproductive success and fitness, may depend in part on fighting ability mediated by canine size.
Data from: Space and rank: infants expect agents in higher position to be socially dominant
<p>Social hierarchies exist throughout the animal kingdom, including among humans. Our daily interactions inevitably reflect social dominance relationships between individuals. How do we mentally represent such concepts? Studies show that social dominance is represented as vertical space (i.e., high=<span class="il">dominant</span>) by adults and preschool children, suggesting a space-dominance representational link in social cognition. However, little is known about its early development. Here, we present experimental evidence that 12- to 16-month-old <span class="il">infants</span> <span class="il">expect</span> <span class="il">agents</span> presented in a <span class="il">higher</span> spatial <span class="il">position</span> to be more <span class="il">socially</span> <span class="il">dominant</span> than <span class="il">agents</span> in a lower spatial <span class="il">position</span>. After <span class="il">infants</span> repeatedly watched the <span class="il">higher</span> and lower <span class="il">agents</span> being presented simultaneously, they looked longer at the screen when the lower agent subsequently outcompeted the <span class="il">higher</span> agent in securing a reward object, suggesting that this outcome violated their <span class="il">higher</span>-is-<span class="il">dominant</span> expectation. We first manipulated <span class="il">agents</span>' positions by presenting them on a podium (Experiment 1). Then we presented the <span class="il">agents</span> on a double-decker stand to make their spatial positions directly above or below each other (Experiment 2), and we replicated the results (Experiment 3). This research demonstrates that <span class="il">infants</span> <span class="il">expect</span> spatially <span class="il">higher</span>-positioned <span class="il">agents</span> to be <span class="il">socially</span> <span class="il">dominant</span>, suggesting deep roots of the space-dominance link in ontogeny.</p>
Data from: Higher dominance rank is associated with lower glucocorticoids in wild female baboons: A rank metric comparison
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Data from: Dominance rank and boldness predict social attraction in great tits
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Data from: Space and rank: infants expect agents in higher position to be socially dominant
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Data from: Complex sources of variance in female dominance rank in a nepotistic society
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Data from: Canine length in wild male baboons: maturation, aging and social dominance rank
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Data from: Age and sex affect quantitative genetic parameters for dominance rank and aggression in free-living greylag geese
Knowledge of the genetic and environmental influences on a character is pivotal for understanding evolutionary changes in quantitative traits in natural populations. Dominance and aggression are ubiquitous traits that are selectively advantageous in many animal societies and have the potential to impact the evolutionary trajectory of animal populations. Here we provide age- and sex-specific estimates of additive genetic and environmental components of variance for dominance rank and aggression rate in a free-living, human-habituated bird population subject to natural selection. We use a long-term data set on individually marked greylag geese (Anser anser) and show that phenotypic variation in dominance-related behaviours contains significant additive genetic variance, parental effects and permanent environment effects. The relative importance of these variance components varied between age and sex classes, whereby the most pronounced differences concerned non-genetic components. In particular, parental effects were larger in juveniles of both sexes than in adults. In paired adults, the partner's identity had a larger influence on male dominance rank and aggression rate than in females. In sex- and age-specific estimates, heritabilities did not differ significantly between age and sex classes. Adult dominance rank was only weakly genetically correlated between the sexes, leading to considerably higher heritabilities in sex-specific estimates than across sexes. We discuss these patterns in relation to selection acting on dominance rank and aggression in different life history stages and sexes and suggest that different adaptive optima could be a mechanism for maintaining genetic variation in dominance-related traits in free-living animal populations.
Data from: Age and sex affect quantitative genetic parameters for dominance rank and aggression in free-living greylag geese
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Data from: Among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of juvenile fish depend on their location within the egg mass and maternal dominance rank
We investigated whether among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of juvenile fish were systematically related to the position in the egg mass where each individual developed during oogenesis. We sampled eggs from the front, middle and rear thirds of the egg mass in female brown trout of known dominance rank. In the resulting juveniles, we then measured traits that are related to individual fitness: body size, social status and standard metabolic rate (SMR). When controlling for differences among females in mean egg size, siblings from dominant mothers were initially larger (and had a lower mass-corrected SMR) if they developed from eggs at the rear of the egg mass. However, heterogeneity in the size of siblings from different positions in the egg mass diminished in lower ranking females. Location of the egg within the egg mass also affected the social dominance of the resulting juvenile fish, although the direction of this effect varied with developmental age. This study provides the first evidence of a systematic basis for among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of offspring in a highly fecund organism.
Data from: Among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of juvenile fish depend on their location within the egg mass and maternal dominance rank
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Allen Brain Atlas
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