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320 results for “drought response”
Fungal litter mat cover in Cannopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) plots responses to canopy opening, hurricanes and drought
Fungi that bind leaf litter into mats and produce white-rot via degradation of lignin and other aromatic compounds influence forest nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Over three and a half years beginning in June 2014, 6 months before the second iteration of the Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE), we measured quarterly the extent of white-rot litter mats formed by basidiomycete fungi in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico in response to disturbances – a simulated hurricane treatment executed by canopy trimming and debris addition in December 2014 (CTE0, a mid-year drought in 2015, and two hurricanes 10 days apart in September 2017. Percent fungal litter mat cover ranged from 0.4% after hurricanes Irma and Maria to a high of 53% in forest with undisturbed canopy prior to the 2017 hurricanes, with means mostly between 10 - 45% of fungal litter mat cover in undisturbed forest. Drought decreased litter mat cover in both treatments, except in one undisturbed plot dominated by a drought-resistant fungus, Marasmius crinis-equi. Percent fungal litter mat cover sharply declined after real hurricanes and the simulated hurricane treatment (CTE). We found that solar radiation had a significant treatment effect and was strongly negatively correlated with percent litter mat cover within each of the four climatic seasons. Solar radiation was also strongly negatively correlated with relative humidity, throughfall, rain and litter wetness. However, rainfall was negatively correlated with litter mat cover, possibly due to erosion or saturation during high rainfall events. Canopy opening reduced leaf litterfall rates but did not affect litter mat cover. The main negative effect on basidiomycete fungi that bind leaf litter into mats was lower litter moisture associated with increased solar radiation from canopy opening and high leaf fall during drought. Variation in drought tolerance among basidiomycete fungal litter mat formers provided some resilience to drought. \<para\> Support f
Transpiration response under drought conditions of sedlings exposed to EMF
<p>Supplementary information of the manuscript: 10.1093/treephys/tpae029</p> <p>Dataset of seedlings exposed to ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) containing: transpiration rate and needle water potential time-series, fluorescence, dry biomass, and root morphology traits.</p> <p>Pine seedlings were exposed to EMF and then subject to drought stress for 10 days followed by 14 days of recovery. </p> <p>Transpiration was measured by weight loss, and needle water potential using a pressure chamber</p> <p>Fluorescence measurements were done at the National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure (NaPPI) facilities at the University of Helsinki</p>
Leaf growth response to mild drought: natural variation sheds light on trait architecture
<p>Plant growth and crop yield are negatively affected by a reduction in water availability. However, a clear understanding of how growth is regulated under non-lethal drought conditions is lacking. Recent advances in genomics, phenomics and transcriptomics allow in-depth analysis of natural variation. In this study, we conducted a detailed screening of leaf growth responses to mild drought in a worldwide collection of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> accessions. </p> <p>The raw phenotyping can be found in:<br> - cellularData.txt -> mature (23 days after stratification; DAS) leaf epidermis (third leaf) analysed for cell area, cell number, pavement cell area, pavement cell number, stomatal index and leaf area of the analysed leaf.</p> <p>- leaf3AreaMaturity.txt -> area of the third leaf at maturity (23DAs) in mm<sup>2.</sup></p> <p>- leaf3AreaProliferation.txt -> area of the third leaf at proliferation (last day of full cell proliferation; 8-10 DAS) in mm<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p>- rosetteArea Maturity.txt -> projected rosette area at maturity (22DAS)</p> <p>The phenotyping results have been normalised for batch effects ('experiment' in raw data)</p> <p>- allPhenotypesNormalised.txt -> contains the normalised data for all the measured phenotypes</p> <p>All datafiles indicate the accession name ('Accession'), the unique identifier for each accessions ('Ecotype_ID') as used in the 1001genomes project (www.1001genomes.org) and the treatment ('C' indicate well-watered plants, 'S' the mild-drought treated plants).</p> <p>These results and methodological results are described in Clauw et al. (2016, The Plant Cell).</p> <p>Citation:</p> <p><strong>Clauw, Pieter, Frederik Coppens, Arthur Korte, Dorota Herman, Bram Slabbinck, Stijn Dhondt, Twiggy Van Daele, et al. 2016. “Leaf Growth Response to Mild Drought: Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Sheds Light on Trait Architecture.” The Plant Cell, October. doi:10.1105/tpc.16.00483.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data set for "Drought response of the boreal forest carbon sink is driven by understory-tree composition"
<p>This data set is a compilation of 1) environmental conditions, 2) biometric- and chamber-based annual CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes, 3) vegetation phenological greenness, and 4) forest-floor environmental conditions, all measured over the Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS, <a href="https://www.slu.se/Krycklan">https://www.slu.se/Krycklan</a>), a multi-scale long-term monitored boreal catchment spanning 68 km<sup>2</sup> in northern Sweden.</p> <p>The environmental measurements cover the period 1991–2020. Specifically, meteorological conditions measured close to the central part of the KCS at the Svartberget reference climate station (64°14′N, 19°46′E, 225 m.a.s.l.) included air temperature at 1.7 m above ground (Ta, °C), global radiation at 1.7 m above ground (Rg, MJ m<sup>-2</sup>), and precipitation (P, mm). Drought conditions were characterized by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) computed at 3-month time scale. SPEI was retrieved from the 0.5° gridded dataset supplied in the Global SPEI Database (SPEIbase v2.8, <a href="https://spei.csic.es/database.html">https://spei.csic.es/database.html</a>). The data set comprises monthly values obtained during the long-term reference period 1991–2020 (LT<sub>91–20</sub>), the baseline period 2016–2017 (BL<sub>16–17</sub>), and the drought year 2018 (D<sub>18</sub>). The standardized anomaly (ɀ-score) was used to identify extreme environmental measurements during both the BL<sub>16–17 </sub>and D<sub>18</sub> periods relative to the LT<sub>91–20 </sub>period.</p> <p>Annual CO<sub>2</sub> flux estimates were collected in 50 forest stands located across the KCS during the period 2016–2018 using biometric- and chamber-based methods. However, to prevent confounding effects, one forest stand that was subjected to thinning operations in spring 2018 was excluded from the analysis. The selected forest stands encompassed different landscape attributes such as 1) soil type (i.e., sediment and till), 2) dominant tree species (i.e., pine and spruce), and 3) stand age classes (i.e., initiation, young, middle-aged, mature, and old-growth stands). The annual CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes included the net ecosystem production (NEP) and its component fluxes, i.e., net primary production (NPP), total heterotrophic respiration (RH), net primary production of trees (NPP<sub>t</sub>) and its above- and belowground components (ANPP<sub>t</sub> and BNPP<sub>t</sub>, respectively), and net primary production of understory (NPP<sub>u</sub>) and its above- and belowground components (ANPP<sub>u</sub> and BNPP<sub>u</sub>, respectively). The impact of drought on annual CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes was evaluated by calculating both the absolute and relative anomalies (∆X and δX, respectively) of D<sub>18</sub> relative to BL<sub>16–17</sub>. To identify the temporal shift of the dominant contributor to ∆NEP, a moving-window correlation was conducted between the absolute anomaly of NEP (∆NEP) and the absolute anomalies of understory and tree NPP (∆NPP<sub>u</sub> and ∆NPP<sub>t</sub>, respectively), using a 7-forest-stand window with 1-forest-stand step.</p> <p>The study assessed the phenological greenness of the understory and trees in a ⁓110 years-old mixed-species forest stand in the central part of the KCS from 2016 to 2018. The greenness index (gcc) was derived from hourly images collected through digital repeat photography at the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) Svartberget ecosystem station (SE-Svb, 64°15′N, 19°46′E, 270 m.a.s.l., <a href="https://www.icos-sweden.se/svartberget">https://www.icos-sweden.se/svartberget</a>). Web cameras were used to capture images below- and above-tree canopy to define the gcc index for understory (gcc<sub>u</sub>) and trees (gcc<sub>t</sub>), respectively. The gcc<sub>u</sub> and gcc<sub>t</sub> values were then normalized (0–1) to describe the seasonal minimum and maximum of vegetation biomass development. A locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (loess) curve fit was then used through the normalized data points to improve visualization. The impact of drought on mean estimates of gcc<sub>u</sub> and gcc<sub>t</sub> during the growing season was evaluated by calculating the absolute and relative anomalies (∆X and δX, respectively) of D<sub>18</sub> relative to BL<sub>16–17</sub>.</p> <p>Environmental conditions at the forest-floor interface were measured in each of the 50 forest stands located across the KCS during the period 2016–2018. As before, one forest stand that was subjected to thinning operations in spring 2018 was excluded from the analysis to prevent confounding effects. The measured conditions included the below-canopy air temperature (Ta<sub>bc</sub>, °C), soil temperature at 10 cm depth (Ts, °C), and soil volumetric water content at 5 cm depth (SWC, %). The data set includes mean monthly and mean May-August values estimated during the BL<sub>16–17</sub> and D<sub>18</sub> periods, for which the absolute and relative anomalies (∆X and δX, respectively) were calculated.</p> <p>This data set consists of four Microsoft Excel workbooks:</p> <p>1_dataset_environmental_conditions.xlxs</p> <p>2_dataset_biometric_&_chamber-based_CO2_fluxes.xlxs</p> <p>3_dataset_vegetation_phenological_greenness.xlxs</p> <p>4_dataset_forest-floor_environmental_conditions.xlxs</p> <p>Further details can be found in Martínez-García et al. “Drought response of the boreal forest carbon sink is driven by understory-tree composition” (Nature Geoscience, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01374-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01374-9</a>).</p> <p>Contact information:</p> <p>Ph.D. Eduardo Martínez García<sup>1,2</sup> (<a href="mailto:eduardo.martinez@slu.se">eduardo.martinez@slu.se</a>, <a href="eduardo.martinezgarcia@luke.fi">eduardo.martinezgarcia@luke.fi</a>, <a href="mailto:edu.martinez.garcia@gmail.com">edu.martinez.garcia@gmail.com</a>)</p> <p>Professor Matthias Peichl<sup>1</sup> (<a href="mailto:matthias.peichl@slu.se">matthias.peichl@slu.se</a>)</p> <p><sup>1</sup> Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790, Helsinki, Finland</p>
De novo transcriptome assembly and discovery of drought-responsive genes in eastern white spruce (Picea glauca)
<p>Forests face an escalating threat from the increasing frequency of extreme drought events driven by climate change. To address this challenge, it is crucial to understand how widely distributed species of economic or ecological importance may respond to drought stress. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to investigate transcriptome responses at increasing levels of water stress in white spruce (<em>Picea glauca</em> (Moench) Voss), distributed across North America. We began by generating an expanded transcriptome assembly emphasizing short-term drought stress at different developmental stages. We also analyzed differential gene expression at four time points over 22 days in a controlled drought stress experiment involving 2-year-old plants and three genetically unrelated clones. De novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analysis revealed a total of 33,287 transcripts (18,934 annotated unique genes), with 4,425 unique drought-responsive genes. Many transcripts that had predicted functions associated with photosynthesis, cell wall organization, and water transport were down-regulated under drought conditions, while transcripts linked to abscisic acid response and defense response were up-regulated. Our study highlights a previously uncharacterized effect of drought stress on lipid metabolism genes in conifers and significant changes in the expression of several transcription factors, suggesting a regulatory response potentially linked to drought response or acclimation. Our research represents a fundamental step in unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying short-term drought responses in white spruce seedlings. In addition, it provides a valuable source of new genetic data that could contribute to genetic selection strategies aimed at enhancing the drought resistance and resilience of white spruce to changing climates.</p>
Meta-analysis reveals challenges and gaps for genome-to-phenome research underpinning plant drought response.
<p>Data used to identify species occurring in hyperarid environments for analyses described in "Meta-analysis reveals challenges and gaps for genome-to-phenome research underpinning plant drought response." The "PlantsLackingHumanUse_PrelimQCd_Data.csv" contains data for all plants queried, while "HyperArid_Occurrences.csv" contains the subset of data corresponding to plants occurring in hyperarid environments.</p>
Data from: Interannual radial growth response of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) to severe droughts: an analysis along a gradient of soil properties and rooting characteristics
<p>Dataset related to the publication: „Interannual radial growth response of Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em> (Mirb.) Franco) to severe droughts: an analysis along a gradient of soil properties and rooting characteristics”</p> <p>Information on the data and the tree species_site_key used can be found in the attached Read me file.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Fish biomarker responses to perturbation by drought in streams
FIGURE 3 | MDA and enzymatic activity in the liver of Astyanax elachylepis from intermittent and perennial streams during dry and rainy seasons. Different capital letters indicate a significant difference (Tukey post-hoc test at p <0.05) between seasons for a given stream, and different lower-case letters indicate a significant difference between intermittent and perennial streams within a given season. Differences are shown only between levels of the factors that had significant effect according to two-way ANOVA.
FIGURE 4 in Fish biomarker responses to perturbation by drought in streams
FIGURE 4 | Two-dimensional Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination showing biomarker responses of fish from intermittent and perennial streams in the dry (D) and rainy (R) seasons. The stress value of 0.12 indicates a good representation of the original data (Clarke, Warwick, 2001).
FIGURE 1 in Fish biomarker responses to perturbation by drought in streams
FIGURE 1 | Location of the Intermittent (yellow circle) and Perennial (blue circle) stream in the Montividiu drainage in the Brazilian Cerrado (yellow in the smaller map).
Drought stress triggers differential survival and functional trait responses in the establishment of Arnica montana seedlings
<ul> <li>The establishment and survival of seedlings are critical stages in the life cycle of plants and therefore usually well timed to humid and favourable conditions. Climate projections suggest that the threatened mountain grassland species <em>Arnica montana</em> may be increasingly exposed to drought stress. However, studies that focus on the species’ early development are missing. We evaluated impacts of drought-induced stress on <em>A. montana</em> seedlings in their early establishment phase and identified traits for the species’ fitness decline.</li> <li>In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the response of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings to different drought levels (moderate, strong, extreme). To assess their fitness under increasing drought, we evaluated the survival of the seedlings based on four senescence stages and measured the performance of above- and belowground morphological and physiological functional traits.</li> <li><em>Arnica montana</em> seedlings showed high resistance to drought. Senescence accelerated and survival declined only under strong and extreme drought conditions. However, the seedlings’ vegetative performance decreased even with moderate drought, as indicated by smaller values of most leaf traits and some root traits. Physiological trait response was less sensitive.</li> <li>Drought stress hinders the establishment and survival of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings. Following the functional trait responses to drought and their associations with survival, we suggest declining leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number as sensitive traits that can lead to a decline performance.</li> </ul>
Figure 1 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 1. Effects of drought stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of drought.
Figure 2 in Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants
Figure 2. Effects of salinity stress on proline content of alfalfa plants before and after Tetranychus urticae feeding. Within each column mean (± SE) followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different. Capital letters show the effect of salinity.
Supporting biophysical data for "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest"
<p>The data in this product support analyses in the paper titled "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest".</p> <p>The data in this submission include leaf area index (LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv) and soil water retention curves (MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv).</p> <p><strong>Leaf area index</strong></p> <p>Each data record in LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv consists of transect level mean single-sided leaf area index (LAI) values for 5 transects measured during the growing seasons of years 2008, 2009, and 2012. Records are uniquely identified by Year and DOY (day of year). Data were collected using a plant canopy analyzer (model LAI-2000). Data columns are defined by headers. Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p>Table 1. Header definitions of LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv data file.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Column</td> <td>Header name</td> <td>Definition</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Year</td> <td>Year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>DOY</td> <td>Day of year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>LAI_SE</td> <td>Mean LAI of southeast transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>LAI_S</td> <td>Mean LAI of south transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>LAI_SW</td> <td>Mean LAI of southwest transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>LAI_W</td> <td>Mean LAI of west transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>LAI_NW</td> <td>Mean LAI of northwest transect</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Soil water retention curves</strong></p> <p>Soil water retention curves for two soil depth ranges (0-30 cm and >30 cm) are reported in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. Soil samples were collected near the MOFLUX tower. Samples were evaluated periodically for soil water potential using a dewpoint potentiometer (Decagon Devices, Model WP4C) and a pressure plate as they dried over time.</p> <p>There are 4 columns of data in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. The first two columns contain data for the 0-30 cm depth range, and the second columns contain data for the >30 cm depth range. Each curve is defined by volumetric water content (VWC, %) and soil water potential (SWP, MPa). Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Population divergence in heat and drought responses of a coastal plant: from metabolic phenotypes to plant morphology and growth
<p>This dataset supports the article "Population divergence in heat and drought responses of a coastal plant: from metabolic phenotypes to plant morphology and growth", which is under minor revision in Journal of Experimental Botany. The study addresses the combined effects of and plant population origin, drought and heat stress on plant growth, plant morphology and the leaf metabolome. The data were assessed in Northern and Southern European individuals of <em>Cakile maritma</em> (See Rocket). An R-script containing all statistical analyses that have been implemented with these data is also provided.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary responses to historic drought across the range of scarlet monkeyflower
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De novo transcriptome assembly and discovery of drought-responsive genes in eastern white spruce (Picea glauca)
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Data from: Population divergence in heat and drought responses of a coastal plant: from metabolic phenotypes to plant morphology and growth
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Stomatal conductance and tree growth response to multi-year droughts in fire-maintained and fire-excluded forests
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Data from: Differential responses of community-level functional traits to mid- and late-season experimental drought in a temperate grassland
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