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19 results for “drought survival”
Data from: Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers
<p>Climate change and disturbance are altering forests and the rates and locations of tree regeneration. We examined seedling survival of five southwestern United States (US) conifer species found in warmer and drier woodlands (<em>Pinus edulis</em>, <em>P. ponderosa</em>) and cooler and wetter subalpine forests (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>, <em>Abies concolor</em>, and <em>Picea engelmanii</em>) under hot and dry conditions in incubators. We constructed models that explained 53% to 76% of the species-specific survival variability, then applied these to recent climate (1980-2019) and projected climate (1980-2099) for the southwestern US. We found that lower elevations within species' range would have low survival under projected climate and that range contraction would be greatest for species that currently occupy warm-dry conditions. These results demonstrate that empirically derived physiological limitations can be used to identify where species composition or vegetation type change are likely to occur in the southwest US.</p>
Drought stress triggers differential survival and functional trait responses in the establishment of Arnica montana seedlings
<ul> <li>The establishment and survival of seedlings are critical stages in the life cycle of plants and therefore usually well timed to humid and favourable conditions. Climate projections suggest that the threatened mountain grassland species <em>Arnica montana</em> may be increasingly exposed to drought stress. However, studies that focus on the species’ early development are missing. We evaluated impacts of drought-induced stress on <em>A. montana</em> seedlings in their early establishment phase and identified traits for the species’ fitness decline.</li> <li>In a greenhouse experiment, we tested the response of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings to different drought levels (moderate, strong, extreme). To assess their fitness under increasing drought, we evaluated the survival of the seedlings based on four senescence stages and measured the performance of above- and belowground morphological and physiological functional traits.</li> <li><em>Arnica montana</em> seedlings showed high resistance to drought. Senescence accelerated and survival declined only under strong and extreme drought conditions. However, the seedlings’ vegetative performance decreased even with moderate drought, as indicated by smaller values of most leaf traits and some root traits. Physiological trait response was less sensitive.</li> <li>Drought stress hinders the establishment and survival of <em>A. montana</em> seedlings. Following the functional trait responses to drought and their associations with survival, we suggest declining leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number as sensitive traits that can lead to a decline performance.</li> </ul>
Data from: Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers
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Data from: Stress responsiveness in a wild primate predicts survival across an extreme El Niño drought
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Experimentally evaluating effects of postfire drought on establishment, growth and survival of two widespread western conifer species; lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir
This research seeks to understand how drought following wildfires affects the establishment of two widespread Rocky Mountain tree species, lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir. In Yellowstone National Park, warming, drying conditions are leading to increased frequency of severe wildfires that kill existing trees and trigger regeneration of the forest. These trends are expected to continue. Many tree species in Yellowstone are well adapted to fire. Yet, early and abundant seedling establishment after fire is critical for forests to recover. Tree seedlings are particularly sensitive to drought, and evidence suggests that sufficiently dry postfire conditions could cause widespread tree-seedling mortality, with ecological consequences that may last decades. This research will determine how seedlings from two tree species respond to drought conditions expected in the mid-21st century and will identify the physiological mechanisms that drive seedling response to dry conditions. The results of this study will advance understanding of how forests in the western United States will respond to environmental change over coming decades and provide useful information for western land managers who are grappling with increased wildfires.
Experimentally evaluating effects of postfire drought on establishment, growth and survival of two widespread western conifer species; lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir (greenhouse portion of experiment)
This research seeks to understand how drought following wildfires affects the establishment of two widespread Rocky Mountain tree species, lodgepole pine and Douglas-fir. In Yellowstone National Park, warming, drying conditions are leading to increased frequency of severe wildfires that kill existing trees and trigger regeneration of the forest. These trends are expected to continue. Many tree species in Yellowstone are well adapted to fire. Yet, early and abundant seedling establishment after fire is critical for forests to recover. Tree seedlings are particularly sensitive to drought, and evidence suggests that sufficiently dry postfire conditions could cause widespread tree-seedling mortality, with ecological consequences that may last decades. This research will determine how seedlings from two tree species respond to drought conditions expected in the mid-21st century and will identify the physiological mechanisms that drive seedling response to dry conditions. The results of this study will advance understanding of how forests in the western United States will respond to environmental change over coming decades and provide useful information for western land managers who are grappling with increased wildfires.
Drought survival is positively associated with high turgor loss points in temperate perennial grassland species
<p>1. Turgor loss point (π<sub>tlp</sub>) has been suggested to be a key trait for drought resistance in woody species. In herbaceous grassland species the role of π<sub>tlp</sub> for species drought survival has not yet been tested, although grasslands are projected to experience more frequent and intense droughts with climate change.</p> <p>2. To gain insights into the role of π<sub>tlp</sub> for drought resistance of temperate perennial grassland species, we assessed π<sub>tlp</sub> of 41 species common in Germany (20 forbs, 21 grasses). We directly related them to the species' comparative whole-plant drought survival and midday leaf water potentials under drought (Ψ<sub>MD</sub>) assessed in a common garden drought experiment, and to species moisture association.</p> <p>3. Species drought survival increased with increasing π<sub>tlp</sub> across all species as well as within forbs or grasses separately. Ψ<sub>MD</sub> was positively related to π<sub>tlp</sub> and drought survival. Our results imply that high π<sub>tlp</sub> promotes drought survival of common perennial European temperate mesic grassland species by enabling them to maintain high leaf water potentials under drought, i.e., a desiccation avoidance strategy. However, π<sub>tlp</sub> was not related to species moisture association.</p> <p>4. The positive relationship between π<sub>tlp</sub> and drought survival in herbaceous grassland species was opposite to the negative relationship previously established in woody plants, implying that mechanisms of drought resistance differ between woody and herbaceous species. Our results highlight the necessity of directly testing the relationship of functional traits to whole-plant drought survival in different plant life forms, before using trait assessments for predicting plant responses to drought.</p>
Developmental timing of flash drought influences offspring survival in the field
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Data from: Northern bobwhite chick survival, growth, and movement in relation to broadcast supplemental feed and drought
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Drought survival is positively associated with high turgor loss points in temperate perennial grassland species
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Data from: Surviving drought: a framework for understanding animal responses to small rain events in the arid-zone
Large rain events drive dramatic resource pulses and the complex pulse-reserve dynamics of arid ecosystem changes between high-rain years and drought. However, arid-zone animal responses to short-term changes in climate are unknown, particularly smaller rain events that briefly interrupt longer-term drought. Using arthropods as model animals, we determined the effects of a small rain event on arthropod abundance in western NSW, Australia during a longer-term shift towards drought. Arthropod abundance decreased over two years, but captures of ten out of fifteen ordinal groups increased dramatically after the small rain event (<40mm). The magnitude of increases ranged from 10.4 million% (collembolans) to 81% (spiders). After three months, most groups returned to pre-rain abundance. However, small soil-dwelling beetles, mites, spiders, and collembolans retained high abundances despite the onset of winter temperatures and lack of subsequent rain. As predicted by pulse-reserve models, most arid-zone arthropod populations declined during drought. However, small rain events may play a role in buffering some groups from declines during longer-term drought or other xenobiotic influences. We outline the framework for a new model of animal responses to environmental conditions in the arid zone, as some species clearly benefit from rain inputs that do not dramatically influence primary productivity.
Turgor loss point predicts survival responses to experimental and natural drought in tropical tree seedlings
<p>Identifying key traits that can serve as proxies for species drought resistance is crucial for predicting and mitigating effects of climate change in diverse plant communities. Turgor loss point (π<sub>tlp</sub>) is a recently emerged trait that has been linked to species distributions across gradients of water availability. However, a direct relationship between π<sub>tlp</sub> and species ability to survive drought has yet to be established for woody species. Using a manipulative field experiment to quantify species drought resistance (i.e. their survival response to drought), combined with measurements of π<sub>tlp</sub> for 16 tree species, we show a negative relationship between π<sub>tlp</sub> and seedling drought resistance. Using long-term forest plot data, we also show that π<sub>tlp</sub> predicts seedling survival responses to a severe El Niño-related drought, although additional factors are clearly also important. Our study demonstrates that species with lower π<sub>tlp</sub> exhibit higher survival under both experimental and natural drought. These results provide a missing cornerstone in the assessment of the traits underlying drought resistance in woody species and strengthen π<sub>tlp</sub> as a proxy for evaluating which species will lose or win under projections of exacerbating drought regimes.</p>
Data from: Surviving drought: a framework for understanding animal responses to small rain events in the arid-zone
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Data from: Mortality versus survival in drought‐affected Aleppo pine forest depends on the extent of rock cover and soil stoniness
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Turgor loss point predicts survival responses to experimental and natural drought in tropical tree seedlings
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Data from: Implications of plant functional traits and drought survival strategies for ecological restoration
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Data from: Extreme prescribed fire during drought reduces survival and density of woody resprouters
Management intervention in ecosystems with degraded environmental services requires innovative resource management strategies that go beyond conventional restoration and conservation practices. We established a unique study that experimentally targeted extreme fire conditions during drought in humid subtropical and semiarid ecoregions. In the southern Great Plains of North America, conventional restoration and conservation practices have been either historically ineffective or economically cost prohibitive at restoring grass-dominated ecosystems following conversion to resprouting shrublands. Our aim was to assess the potential for extreme fire during drought to force the system along an alternate ecological trajectory from its current progression toward closed-canopy resprouting shrubland, something conventional fire prescriptions have been unable to accomplish. We first tested the potential for high intensity fires exhibiting extreme behaviour to disrupt the progression from grassland to shrubland. In both ecoregions, significant levels of mortality were observed for mature woody resprouters. As a result, densities were either maintained or reduced three years following extreme fire treatments, whereas resprouter densities continued to increase in areas that were not burned. A second interventionist approach involving extreme fire and herbicide treatment combinations was not supported. Interactions between prescribed extreme fire and herbicide did not significantly reduce resprouter densities more than using herbicide alone at either site. Synthesis and applications: Extreme fires during drought resulted in exceptionally high levels of mortality across all sizes of woody resprouters and limited recruitment, resulting in 35–55% lower densities of resprouters than in areas not burned. These findings counter prevailing scientific and management expectations, which are based largely on studies that impose tight controls over prescribed fire conditions and avoid extreme fire behaviour. Future interventions for controlling woody resprouters with fire may require rethinking the present ideology that extreme fire behaviour has no place in modern social-ecological landscapes.
METEOROLOGICAL AND AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT RISK ASSESSMENT VIA KAPLAN-MEIER SURVIVABILITY ESTIMATOR SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
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Data from: Extreme prescribed fire during drought reduces survival and density of woody resprouters
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.