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26 results for “ecological interpretation”
Text-fig. 2. SEM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in oblique lateral view showing remains of calyx and slightly semi-inferior ovary with elongated apical style (a); note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities and the stomata-like secretory structures on the upper portion of the ovary (arrows) that are interpreted as nectariferous (b). c: Detail of ovary surface showing secretory stomata-like structures (arrows). d: Flower in lateral view showing fragmentary calyx and broken slightly semi-inferior ovary with secretory stomata-like structures; note the point of attachment of the central placenta (pl). e: Cluster of seeds removed from the ovary in (d) showing reticulate surface. f: Outer (abaxial) surface of calyx lobe showing the slightly pointed papillae and scattered, fine trichomes (arrows). g: Triaperturate pollen grains from the ovary surface. Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c), Mira 100-S101266 (d, e), Mira 105-S100732 (f), Mira 100-S170125 (g). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, d), 300 µm (f), 100 µm (c, e), 10 µm (g). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 2. SEM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in oblique lateral view showing remains of calyx and slightly semi-inferior ovary with elongated apical style (a); note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities and the stomata-like secretory structures on the upper portion of the ovary (arrows) that are interpreted as nectariferous (b). c: Detail of ovary surface showing secretory stomata-like structures (arrows). d: Flower in lateral view showing fragmentary calyx and broken slightly semi-inferior ovary with secretory stomata-like structures; note the point of attachment of the central placenta (pl). e: Cluster of seeds removed from the ovary in (d) showing reticulate surface. f: Outer (abaxial) surface of calyx lobe showing the slightly pointed papillae and scattered, fine trichomes (arrows). g: Triaperturate pollen grains from the ovary surface. Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c), Mira 100-S101266 (d, e), Mira 105-S100732 (f), Mira 100-S170125 (g). Scale bars = 600 µm (a, b, d), 300 µm (f), 100 µm (c, e), 10 µm (g).
Text-fig. 1. SEM images of flowers of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in lateral view showing elongated pedicel, narrowly triangular sepals and elongated protruding style (a); note the large openings in the floral tissue and pedicel (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c: Flower in lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary wall and slightly raised nectariferous ring with probable stomata-like secretory structures (arrow). d: Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and three of the five tepals; note the elongated narrowly triangular form of the sepals. e: Flower in oblique lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary and elongated style. f, g: Flowers in apical view showing the bases of five sepals (f) and apex of the five-parted ovary; note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. Specimens, Mira 100-S170155 (a, holotype), Mira 100-S153145 (b, c, g), Mira 100- S101267 (d), Mira 105-S100732 (e), Mira 100-S101268 (f). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–g). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 1. SEM images of flowers of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Flowers in lateral view showing elongated pedicel, narrowly triangular sepals and elongated protruding style (a); note the large openings in the floral tissue and pedicel (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c: Flower in lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary wall and slightly raised nectariferous ring with probable stomata-like secretory structures (arrow). d: Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and three of the five tepals; note the elongated narrowly triangular form of the sepals. e: Flower in oblique lateral view with portion of the calyx missing exposing the ovary and elongated style. f, g: Flowers in apical view showing the bases of five sepals (f) and apex of the five-parted ovary; note larger openings in the floral tissue (asterisk) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. Specimens, Mira 100-S170155 (a, holotype), Mira 100-S153145 (b, c, g), Mira 100- S101267 (d), Mira 105-S100732 (e), Mira 100-S101268 (f). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–g).
Figure 7 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 7. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). A, frontal; B, occipital.
Figure 4 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 4. Original figure from Goldfuss (1810) of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany. The skull has a strong bite mark and pathology in the middle of the saggital crest (cf. Figs 6, 7).
Figure 6 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 6. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). A, ventral with lower jaws; B, ventral without lower jaws.
Figure 3 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 3. Original skull of the holotype of 'Hyena spelaea Goldfuss, 1823' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Goldfuss-Museum Bonn No. M2609). A, lateral right; B, ventral; C, occipital; D, dorsal.
Figure 5 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 5. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). Skull with bite mark and pathology on the middle of the saggital crest (cf. Figs 4, 9). A, lateral left with lower jaws; B, dorsal view with lower jaws. The bite mark on the right parietal and pathology is characteristic of this skull.
Figure 9. A in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 9. A, male lion with strong bite damage, which died in an early stage of the callus-healing process [holotype of P. l. spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany]. B, skull of a lioness with a partially healed bite scratch or braincase fracture [original lioness skeleton of P. l. spelaea (cf. Diedrich & Žák, 2006) from Srbsko, central Czech Republic].
Figure 2 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 2. Original figure of the holotype of 'Hyaena spelaea Goldfuss, 1823' from Goldfuss (1810) from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany. Skull is damaged on the left side and lacks most teeth (cf. Fig. 3).
Figure 8 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 8. Original skull of the holotype of 'Felis spelaea Goldfuss, 1810' from Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität Berlin No. MB.Ma.50948). Skull with bite mark and pathology on the middle of the saggital crest (cf. Figs 6, 7). 1. lower jaw composed of two different individuals. The right mandible is much larger and from a very old male, whereas the smaller left one seems to be from a lioness. A, right mandible, lateral; B, jaws, dorsal. 2, bite mark in the saggital crest and long scratch groove on the right parietal. The callus indicates that the animal survived for a short time after the bite.
Figure 10 in The holotypes of the upper Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823: Hyaenidae) and Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810: Felidae) of the Zoolithen Cave hyena den (South Germany) and their palaeo-ecological interpretation
Figure 10. Ice Age spotted hyenas hauling injured male steppe lion carcass into their cave den (Zoolithen Cave, southern Germany) (Illustration: Rinaldino, 2007).
Using ecological context to interpret spatiotemporal variation in natural selection
<p>Spatiotemporal variation in natural selection is expected, but difficult to estimate. Pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits provides a good system for understanding and linking variation in selection to differences in ecological context. We studied pollinator-mediated selection in five populations of <i>Dalechampia scandens</i> (Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica and Mexico. Using a nonlinear path-analytical approach, we assessed several functional components of selection, and linked variation in pollinator-mediated selection across time and space to variation in pollinator assemblages. After correcting for estimation error, we detected moderate variation in net selection on two of four blossom traits. Both the opportunity for selection and the mean strength of selection decreased with increasing reliability of cross-pollination. Selection for pollinator attraction was consistently positive and stronger on advertisement than reward traits. Selection on traits affecting pollen transfer from the pollinator to the stigmas was strong only when there was a mismatch between pollinator and blossom size under unreliable cross-pollination. These results illustrate how consideration of trait function and ecological context can facilitate both the detection and the causal understanding of spatiotemporal variation in natural selection.</p>
Interpreting past trophic ecology of a threatened species, kea (Nestor notabilis), from museum specimens
<p>When ecosystems are under severe pressure or environments change, trophic position and intraspecific niche width may decrease or narrow, signalling that conservation action is required. In New Zealand, alpine and sub-alpine ecosystems have been extensively modified through farming since 19th century European settlement, with consequences for indigenous species such as the kea (Nestor notabilis). We investigated feather stable isotope values in the kea and predicted a lower trophic position in modern kea populations, to reflect reduced lowland habitat and a mixed diet with more plant material. We predicted that size and sex would influence trophic values in this sexually dimorphic species, with larger birds more likely to have a high protein diet. We examined potential dietary changes in 68 museum collected kea from 1880s to 2000s, first recording accession details including provenance and sex, and measuring culmen length. We used bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analyses (BSIA) of feathers and a further feather subset using compound-specific stable isotopes analyses of amino acids (CSIA-AA) to obtain isotopic values and estimate trophic position. BSIA showed δ15N values in kea feathers declined through time, and could indicate that early century kea were highly omnivorous, with δ15N values on average higher than in modern kea. Variance in δ15N values was greater after 1950, driven by a few individuals. Few differences between males and females were evident, although females in the south region had lower δ15N values. There was a tendency for large male birds to have higher trophic values, perhaps reflecting dominant male bird behaviour noted in historical records. Nonetheless, CSIA-AA performed on a subset of the data suggested that variation in BSIA is likely due to baseline changes rather than relative trophic position which may be more homogenous than these data indicate. Although there was more variability in modern kea, we suggest caution in interpretation. Stable isotope data, particularly CSIA-AA, from museum specimens can reveal potential change in ecological networks, as well as sexually dimorphic feeding patterns within species. The data can reveal temporal and regional variation in species trophic position and changes in ecosystem integrity to inform conservation decision-making.</p>
Unpacking the "black box": improving ecological interpretation of regression based models
<p><strong>Aim</strong><br>Many tree species distribution models use black-box machine learning techniques that often neglect interpretative aspects and instead focus mainly on maximising predictive accuracy. In this study, we outline an interpretative modelling framework to gain better ecological insights while mapping abundance patterns of six North American species.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong><br>Continental United States and Canada</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong><br>We develop an innovative procedure using regression trees by stabilising variance and mapping dominant rules which we term 'optimized regression tree bagging for interpretation and mapping' (ORTBIM). We apply this technique to understand ecological features influencing the abundance patterns of three eastern (<em>Pinus</em> <em>strobus</em>, <em>Acer</em> <em>saccharum</em>, and <em>Quercus</em> <em>montana</em>), and three western (<em>Picea</em> <em>engelmannii</em>, <em>Pinus</em> <em>ponderosa</em>, and <em>Pseudotsuga</em> <em>menziesii</em>) tree species in North America. For these species, we assess and map the dominant climate-terrain interactions that partly determine abundance patterns in the eastern and western regions. In the process, we examine the role of varying responses and scales and explore finer-scale species climate-terrain niches and non-linear relationships.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong><br>Our study emphasizes the prominent role of elevation and heat-moisture variables in the west and the greater importance of seasonal precipitation and seasonal temperature in the east. The abundance patterns under future climate (SSP5–8.5) show climate-terrain habitats shifting northward and westward into Canada and Alaska for the eastern species, and predominantly north-westward for the western species.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong><br>Our interpretative modelling framework can be used to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the abundance patterns across the full species range, to formulate better predictive models, and to facilitate improved management practices under climate change.</p>
Using ecological context to interpret spatiotemporal variation in natural selection
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Unpacking the "black box": improving ecological interpretation of regression based models
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Interpreting past trophic ecology of a threatened species, kea (Nestor notabilis), from museum specimens
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The precautionary principle and dietary DNA metabarcoding: commonly used abundance thresholds change ecological interpretation
<p>Dietary DNA metabarcoding enables researchers to identify and characterize trophic interactions with a high degree of taxonomic precision. It is also sensitive to sources of bias and contamination in the field and lab. One of the earliest and most common strategies for dealing with such sensitivities has been to filter resulting sequence data to remove low-abundance sequences before conducting ecological analyses based on the presence or absence of food taxa. Although this step is now often perceived to be both necessary and sufficient for cleaning up datasets, evidence to support this perception is lacking and more attention needs to be paid to the related risk of introducing other undesirable errors. Using computer simulations, we demonstrate that common strategies to remove low-abundance sequences can erroneously eliminate true dietary sequences in ways that impact downstream dietary inferences. Using real data from well-studied wildlife populations in Yellowstone National Park, we further show how these strategies can markedly alter the composition of individual dietary profiles in ways that scale-up to obscure ecological interpretations about dietary generalism, specialism, and niche partitioning. Although the practice of removing low-abundance sequences may continue to be a useful strategy to address a subset of research questions that focus on a subset of relatively abundant food resources, its continued widespread use risks generating misleading perceptions about the structure of trophic networks. Researchers working with dietary DNA metabarcoding data—or similar data such as environmental DNA, microbiomes, or pathobiomes—should be aware of potential drawbacks and consider alternative bioinformatic, experimental, and statistical solutions.</p>
The precautionary principle and dietary DNA metabarcoding: commonly used abundance thresholds change ecological interpretation
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Text-fig. 4. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse (a) and longitudinal (b) sections of flower showing the ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) borne on the mushroom-shaped central globose placenta (pl, blue); placenta shown as a voltex rendering added to orthoslices; note the large openings in the floral tissue (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c, d: Longitudinal (c) and transverse (d) sections of flower (c, volume rendering cut between orthoslice yz0970-1005; d, volume rendering cut between orthoslice xy0780-0820) showing semiinferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with sepals inserted at the rim of the hypanthium, central column (cc) with mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 4. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Transverse (a) and longitudinal (b) sections of flower showing the ovary wall (ow) and numerous ovules (ov) borne on the mushroom-shaped central globose placenta (pl, blue); placenta shown as a voltex rendering added to orthoslices; note the large openings in the floral tissue (asterisks) interpreted as schizogenous secretory cavities. c, d: Longitudinal (c) and transverse (d) sections of flower (c, volume rendering cut between orthoslice yz0970-1005; d, volume rendering cut between orthoslice xy0780-0820) showing semiinferior ovary (ow, ovary wall) with sepals inserted at the rim of the hypanthium, central column (cc) with mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). Specimens, Mira 100-S153146 (a, b), Mira 100-S170155 (c, d, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–d).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.