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21 results for “ecological legacies”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Material legacy disturbance type model; data for Kopecky et al., 2023 Ecology
This data package contains the code necessary to create a mathematical model of coral reef recovery dynamics following different types and intensities of disturbances that either remove dead coral skeletons (e.g., tropical storms) or leave standing dead skeletons (e.g., coral bleaching) and run associated analyses. We explored the sensitivity of the model to variation in key parameters, such as the strength of herbivory, and the degree to which dead skeletons protect algae from herbivory. Further, we assessed disturbance intensities and values of these parameters that lead to shifts between coral and macroalgae-dominated reefs. This code was published in Ecology and were a part of the thesis of K. Kopecky (2023). Analyses and full methods descriptions of this model can be found in the manuscript “Material legacies can degrade resilience: Structure-retaining disturbances promote regime shifts on coral reefs” (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4006). No novel data were used or generated in this study. This manuscript uses data collected by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (MCR LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2224354 (and earlier awards). Additional financial support to the MCR LTER site was provided through a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2023).
Data from : Historical legacies and ecological determinants of grass naturalizations worldwide
<p>The global distribution of exotic species is the result of abiotic, biotic and dispersal<br> filtering processes that shape the movement and success of species outside their native<br> range. In this study we aim to understand how these filtering processes drive the fluxes<br> of grass species among regions, the factors that influence which species establish outside<br> of their native range, and where they do so.</p> <p><br> We used national and subnational checklists of native and introduced grass species<br> to determine the extent to which each region was a source or recipient of exotic grass<br> species. We asked how species traits may distinguish those grass species that have naturalized<br> outside their native range from those that have not, and how environmental<br> conditions are related to the distribution of exotic grass species.</p> <p><br> We found that exotic grass establishment is shaped by an array of factors including<br> characteristics of regions, traits of species and their interactions. Regions with a longer<br> history of human occupation and larger numbers of native grass species were generally<br> the most important sources of exotic species. Global flows of species were mostly<br> driven by a climate match between the native and exotic ranges, but were also highly<br> asymmetric, with regions with recent human arrival being the major hosts of exotic<br> grass species. Tall, annual and C4 grass species exhibited particularly high probabilities<br> of establishment outside their native range.</p> <p><br> Despite the idiosyncrasy and stochasticity characteristic of exotic species establishment,<br> this biogeographical analysis revealed important generalities across this large<br> plant group. Our results suggest that grass species that have co-occurred with humans<br> for a longer time may be better adapted to living in anthropogenic landscapes, explaining<br> the global asymmetry in species introductions.</p>
The legacy of ecological imperialism in the Scandes: earthworms and their implications for Arctic research
<p>Data used in the article 'The legacy of ecological imperialism in the Scandes: earthworms and their implications for Arctic research' in the scientific journal 'Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research'. The various columns are explained in the sheet 'Metadata'. </p>
Data from : Historical legacies and ecological determinants of grass naturalizations worldwide
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Data from: Long-term ecological legacies in western Amazonia
<p>1. Modifications of Amazonian forests by pre-Columbian peoples are thought to have left ecological legacies that have persisted to the modern day. Most Amazonian palaeoecological records do not, however, provide the required temporal resolution to document the nuanced changes of pre-Columbian disturbance or post-disturbance succession and recovery, making it difficult to detect any direct, or indirect, ecological legacies on tree species.</p> <p>2. Here, we investigate the fossil pollen, phytolith, and charcoal history of Lake Kumpaka, Ecuador, during the last 2415 years in c. 3-50 year time intervals to assess ecological legacies resulting from pre-Columbian forest modification, disturbance, cultivation, and fire usage.</p> <p>3. Two cycles of pre-Columbian cultivation (one including slash-and burn cultivation, the other including slash-and-mulch cultivation) were documented in the record around 2150-1430 cal. yr BP and 1250-680 cal. yr BP, with following post-disturbance succession dynamics. Modern disturbance was documented after c. 10 cal. yr BP. The modern disturbance produced a plant composition unlike those of the two past disturbances, as fire frequencies reached their peak in the 2415-year record. The disturbance periods varied in intensity and duration, while the overturn of taxa following a disturbance lasted for hundreds of years. The recovery periods following pre-Columbian disturbance shared some similar patterns of early succession, but the longer-term recovery patterns differed.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. The trajectories of change after a cessation of cultivation can be anticipated to differ depending on the intensity, scale, duration, and manner of the past disturbance. In the Kumpaka record, no evidence of persistent enrichment or depletion of intentionally altered taxa (i.e. direct legacy effects) was found but indirect legacy effects, however, were documented and have persisted to the modern day. These findings highlight the strengths of using empirical data to reconstruct past change rather than relying solely on modern plant populations to infer past human management and ecological legacies, and challenge some of the current hypotheses involving the persistence of pre-Columbian legacies on modern plant populations.</p>
The phosphorus legacy offers opportunities for agro-ecological transition (France 1850–2075)
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Figure 9. Phylogeny showing a in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 9. Phylogeny showing a summary of the optimization for the third lower molar (m3). Numbers on the branches indicate node number. Taxon names and nodes in bold indicate the optimizations being shown. Deformation grids show the changes with respect to the previous node.
Figure 7 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 7. Scatter plots resulting from the between-group PCA of the third upper molar (M3), summarizing differences between the five diet categories. White squares with the Roman numeral of each diet category represent the centroid of the distribution for that category. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 1 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 1. Occlusal views of the third upper (A, B) and lower (C, D) didelphid molars. A and C, molars of Didelphis albiventris showing the landmarks and semilandmarks used. B and D, didelphid molars illustrating features of crown morphology discussed in the text. Squares, landmarks; circles, semilandmarks. See text for a detailed description of landmarks. Abbreviations: ac, anterior cingulum (light grey shading); cc, centrocrista; co, cristid obliqua; ect, ectoflexus; Ent, entoconid; ento, entocristid; Hyp, hypoconid; Hypd, hypoconulid; Me, metacone; Med, metaconid; meta, metastylar corner (grey shading); Pa, paracone; Pacr, paracristid; Pad, paraconid; para, parastylar corner (dark grey shading); postcd, postcristid; prePa, preparacrista; Pr, protocone; Prcr, protocristid; Prd, protoconid; prePr, preprotocrista; posMe, metacrista; posPr, postprotocrista; StA, stylar cusp A; StB, stylar cusp B; StC, stylar cusp C; StD, stylar cusp D; StE, stylar cusp E; Ta: talonid; Tri: trigonid.
Figure 3 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 3. First upper molar (M1) shape variation along the first two principal components (PC) from the PCA of the Procrustes coordinates, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 5 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 5. Third upper molar (M3) shape variation along the first two principal components (PC) from the PCA of the Procrustes coordinates, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 2 in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 2. First lower molar (m1) shape variation along the first two principal components (PC) from the PCA of the Procrustes coordinates, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Deformation grids show the extreme shape of each PC.
Figure 8. Phylogeny showing a in Evolution of molar shape in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): analysis of the influence of ecological factors and phylogenetic legacy
Figure 8. Phylogeny showing a summary of the optimization for the third upper molar (M3). Numbers on the branches indicate node number. Taxon names and nodes in bold indicate the optimizations being shown. Deformation grids show the changes with respect to the previous node.
Data from: Ecological legacies of civil war: 35-year increase in savanna tree cover following wholesale large-mammal declines
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Data from: Ecological legacies of anthropogenic burning in a British Columbia coastal temperate rain forest
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The ecological legacy effects of redlining on urban landscapes and bird communities in Durham, North Carolina
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Data from: Long-term ecological legacies in western Amazonia
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Ecological legacies of prehistoric agricultural practices in arid and semi-arid ecosystems of the southwestern US
This work examines the long-term ecological legacies of land use intensity in two different ecosystem types of the southwestern US, which supported agroecologically active and well-studied populations of humans until 1200- 1400 AD. This unique perspective, accessible only through the archaeological record, provides an understanding of the importance of humans and their varied land use activities as drivers of persistent ecological patterns and processes. Data were collected across a gradient of known prehistoric human activity in arid and semi-arid ecosystems of central Arizona that represent two ends of a spectrum of human occupation in population and duration. Cave Creek, located in the Sonoran desert of the northern Phoenix basin, supported relatively large human populations for approximately four centuries using both irrigated and dry land farming techniques. Perry Mesa is located at higher elevation in the semi-arid desert grasslands of Agua Fria National Monument. Populations at Perry Mesa were smaller and more ephemeral than at Cave Creek, and were supported by only dry land agricultural fields and house gardens. In each system, the importance of land use intensity on modern ecological properties and processes is evaluated by comparing areas of high intensity use (irrigated fields at Cave Creek, rain-fed terraces at Perry Mesa) with areas of relative low use (rain-fed terraces at Cave Creek, house gardens at Perry Mesa) and nearby areas where there is no archaeological evidence of human land use (off-site controls).
Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: linking ecological plant-soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
<ol> <li>Although the importance of the soil microbiome in mediating plant community structures and functions has been increasingly emphasized in ecological studies, the biological processes driving crop diversity overyielding remain unexplained in agriculture. Based on the plant-soil feedback (PSF) theory and method, we quantified how much soil microbes contributed to intercropping overyielding and detected which microbial groups mediated this effect.</li> <li>Soils were collected as inocula and sequenced from a unique 10-year field experiment, consisting of monoculture, intercropping and rotation planted with wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) or faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>). A PSF study was conducted to test microbial effects on three crops' growth in monoculture or intercropping.</li> <li>In wheat & faba bean (W&F) and maize & faba bean (M&F) systems, soil microbes drove intercropping overyielding compared to monoculture, with 28-51% of the overyielding contributed by microbial legacies. The overyielding effects resulted from negative PSFs in both systems, as crops, in particular faba bean grew better in soils conditioned by other crops than itself. Moreover, faba bean grew better in soils from intercropping or rotation than from the average of monocultures, indicating a strong positive legacy effect of multispecies cropping systems. However, with positive PSF and negative legacy benefit effect of intercropping/rotation, we did not observe significant overyielding in the W&M system.</li> <li>With more bacterial and fungal dissimilarities by metabarcoding in heterospecific than its own soil, the better it improved faba bean growth. More detailed analysis showed faba bean monoculture soil accumulated more putative pathogens with higher <i>Fusarium</i> relative abundance and more <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> gene copies by qPCR, while in heterspecific soils, there was less pathogenetic effects when cereals were engaged. Further analysis in maize/faba bean intercropping also showed an increase of rhizobia relative abundance.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Our results demonstrate a soil microbiome-mediated advantage in intercropping through suppression of the negative PSF of pathogens and increasing beneficial microbes. As microbial mediation of overyielding is context-dependent, we conclude that the dynamics of both beneficial and pathogenic microbes should be considered in designing cropping systems for sustainable agriculture, particularly including combinations of legumes and cereals.</li> </ol>
Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: linking ecological plant-soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.