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23 results for “ecological release”
Fig. 2 in Wildlife disease ecology in changing landscapes: Mesopredator release and toxoplasmosis
Fig. 2. Map of Tasmania showing blood collection sites for the three native carnivore species and the introduced feral cat. Places identified are those referred to in the text.
Fig. 1 in Wildlife disease ecology in changing landscapes: Mesopredator release and toxoplasmosis
Fig. 1. Map of Tasmania showing average cat densities from individual spotlighting districts over 8 years and blood collection sites for the Tasmanian pademelon. Positive T. gondii sites are those where at least one sample tested positive to IgG antibodies. Negative sites are those where no evidence of exposure to T. gondii was found in any sample.
Fig. 3 in Wildlife disease ecology in changing landscapes: Mesopredator release and toxoplasmosis
Fig. 3. Prevalence of IgG antibodies of Tasmanian mammals to T. gondii by trophic level; n represents the total number of samples tested. Standard error bars are shown.
Species traits modulate ecological release in island red devil spiders (Araneae: Dysderidae)
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Data from: Ecological release of the Anna's Hummingbird during a northern range expansion
During range expansions species can experience rapid population growth if changes in climate or interspecific interactions remove limits on growth rates in novel habitats. Here I document a century of range expansion in the Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna) and investigate the causes of its recent abundance through a combination of demographic, climatic, and phenological analyses. Christmas Bird Count records show that populations have been growing within the native range since the early twentieth century. Sites across the Pacific Northwest show striking fits to simple models of exponential growth following colonization in the 1960's and 70's, and nest records indicate that the species now delays the start of the nesting season by at least 16 days in the north. Although the species now occurs in a much wider range of climates than it did in its native range, the fastest growing sites in the northwest are in regions with minimum breeding season temperatures similar to those occupied by the species prior to the expansion. Range expansions in the Anna's Hummingbird thus reflect an ecological release likely caused by a mix of human facilitation, introduced plants, and phenological acclimation that allowed a California native to expand across western North America.
Island biogeography predicts skull gigantism and shape variation in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) through ecological release and allometry
Island Rule describes the graded trend of gigantism in small-bodied species to dwarfism in large-bodied species inhabiting islands, but causal explanations remain unresolved. We used geometric morphometrics to quantify cranial morphology of 544 meadow vole (<i>Microtus pennsylvanicus</i>) samples across 11 island and 3 mainland populations from the Outer Lands of New England (Atlantic) and the Alexander Archipelago of Alaska (Pacific). We compared the thermoregulation and endurance (TRE) and ecological release (ER) hypotheses using all-subsets linear models employing residual randomization permutation procedures (rrpp), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for model selection. We decoupled direct and indirect effects of island variables on size using path analysis. We evaluated shape with Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Procrustes ANOVA on Procrustes shape coordinates, then assessed the impact of static allometry and TRE and ER variables on shape. Six Atlantic island populations exhibit significant signals of gigantism with the largest voles occurring on the smallest islands lacking predators. ER explains 63% of cranial size differences. Island area has a significant total effect on size by influencing the number of mammalian predators, resulting in a 0.011 increase in unit centroid size for a 100 km<sup>2</sup> decrease in island area. This corresponds to a predicted 0.9% change in size for every 100 km<sup>2</sup>. Given static allometry, cranial shape does not respond to insularity independent of size. These results suggest that Island Rule is a latent evolutionary process whose manifestation depends on nuanced biogeographic and ecological contexts that have important conservation and taxonomic implications.
Datafile - In situ adaptation and ecological release facilitate the occupied niche expansion of an invasive Madagascan day gecko in Florida
<p><u>Aim</u> To investigate whether the frequently advocated climate-matching species distribution modelling approach could predict the well-characterized colonization of Florida by the Madagascar giant day gecko <i>Phelsuma grandis</i>.</p> <p><u>Location</u> Madagascar and Florida, USA.</p> <p><u>Methods</u> To determine the climatic conditions associated with the native range of <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i>, we used native-range presence-only records and <i>Bioclim</i> climatic data to build a Maxent species distribution model and projected the climatic thresholds of the native range onto Florida. We then built an analogous model using Florida presence-only data and projected it onto Madagascar. We constructed a third model using native-range presences for both <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> and the closely related parapatric species <i>P</i>. <i>kochi</i>.</p> <p><u>Results</u> Despite performing well within the native range, our Madagascar <i>Bioclim</i> model failed to identify suitable climatic habitat currently occupied by <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> in Florida. The model constructed using Florida presences also failed to reflect the distribution in Madagascar by over-predicting distribution, especially in western areas occupied by <i>P</i>. <i>kochi</i>. The model built using the combined <i>P</i>. <i>kochi</i>/<i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> dataset modestly improved the prediction of the range of <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> in Florida, thereby implying competitive exclusion of <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> by <i>P</i>. <i>kochi</i> from habitat within the former's fundamental niche. These findings thus suggest ecological release of <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> in Florida. However, because ecological release cannot fully explain the divergent occupied niches of <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> in Madagascar versus Florida, our findings also demonstrate some degree of <i>in situ</i> adaptation in Florida.</p> <p><u>Main conclusions</u> Our models suggest that the discrepancy between the predicted and observed range of <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> in Florida is attributable to either <i>in situ</i> adaptation by <i>P</i>. <i>grandis</i> within Florida, or a combination of such <i>in situ</i> adaptation <i>and </i>competition with <i>P</i>. <i>kochi</i> in Madagascar. Our study demonstrates that climate-matching species distribution models can severely underpredict the establishment risk posed by non-native herpetofauna.</p>
Shell colour diversification induced by ecological release: a shift in natural selection after a migration event
<p><span>Ecological release is often attributed to the rapid adaptive diversification of phenotypic traits. However, it is not well understood how natural selection changes its strength and direction through the process of ecological release. Herein, we demonstrated how shell colour of the Japanese land snail <i>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</i> has diversified via a shift in natural selection due to ecological release after migration from the mainland to an island<i>. </i>This snail's shell colour diversified on the island due to disruptive selection after migration from the mainland. We used trail-camera traps to identify the cause of natural selection on both the mainland and island. We then conducted a mark-recapture experiment while collecting microhabitat use data. In total, we captured and marked around 1700 snails on the mainland, some of which were preyed upon by an unknown predator. The trail-camera traps showed that the predator is the large Japanese field mouse <i>Apodemus speciosus, </i>and the predatory frequency was higher on the mainland than on the island. However, this predation did not correlate with shell colour. Microhabitat use on the island was more extensive than on the mainland, with snails on the island using both ground and arboreal microhabitats. A Bayesian estimation showed that the stabilising selection on shell colour came from factors other than predation. Our results suggest that the course of natural selection was modified due to ecological release after migration from the mainland, explaining one cause of the phenotypic diversification.</span></p>
Data from: Ecological release and insular shifts in avian morphological traits in the Caribbean
<p>We compared support for 3 hypotheses that might explain observed morphological variation among islands of 4 1.70 species of Caribbean land birds: ecological release from competition and predation pressure, predation pressure from 1 novel predator species (small Indian mongoose, <em>Herpestes auropunctatus</em>), and climate. We measured wing chord, tarsus length, bill length, and mass of Bananaquits (<em>Coereba flaveola</em>), Black-faced Grassquits (<em>Tiaris bicolor</em>), Lesser Antillean Bullfinches (<em>Loxigilla noctis</em>), and Common Ground Doves (<em>Columbina passerina</em>) in Grenada, 2015–2017, and combined these measures with data from 23 other Caribbean islands collated from academic papers and researchers, for a total sample size of 6,518 individuals. We found the strongest support for the ecological release hypothesis, but each of our hypotheses received some support, suggesting that ecological release from competition, predation pressure from mongoose, and climate may all interact to influence morphological adaptations of birds to local conditions in the Caribbean.</p>
Harvey-Lab-UW/Buonanduci_etal_2023_EcolLett: Release of data and code for Buonanduci et al. 2023 Ecology Letters
<p>This is the latest release of data for reproducing the analyses in the manuscript 'Consistent spatial scaling of high-severity wildfire can inform expected future patterns of burn severity' by Buonanduci, Donato, Halofsky, Kennedy, and Harvey, accepted for publication in Ecology Letters. See the main text of the manuscript for complete descriptions of how data were processed and analyzed.</p> <p>This information is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. Any user of these data ("User" hereafter) is required to cite it appropriately in any publication that results from its use. These data may be actively used by others for ongoing research, so coordination may be necessary to prevent duplicate publication. The User is urged to contact the authors of these data for questions about methodology or results. The User is encouraged to consider collaboration or co-authorship with authors where appropriate. Misinterpretation of data may occur if used out of context of the original study. Substantial efforts are made to ensure accuracy of the data and documentation, however complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available as is. Data may be updated periodically and it is the responsibility of the User to check for new versions of the data. The authors and the repository where these data were obtained shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of the data.</p>
Data from: Ecological release and insular shifts in avian morphological traits in the Caribbean
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Disease or drought: Environmental fluctuations release zebra from a potential pathogen-triggered ecological trap
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Island biogeography predicts skull gigantism and shape variation in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) through ecological release and allometry
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Data from: Ecological release of the Anna's Hummingbird during a northern range expansion
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Datafile - In situ adaptation and ecological release facilitate the occupied niche expansion of an invasive Madagascan day gecko in Florida
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Shell colour diversification induced by ecological release: a shift in natural selection after a migration event
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Assessing impacts of social-ecological diversity on resilience in a wetland coupled human and natural system: Data release
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Data for: Deep-time demographic inference suggests ecological release as driver of Neoavian adaptive radiation
<p>Data for:</p> <p>Houde P, Braun EL, Zhou L. 2020. Deep-time demographic inference suggests ecological release as driver of Neoavian adaptive radiation. Diversity, in review</p> <p>**************************************************<br> The .tar.gz file will expand to yield a directory named "Houde_Braun_Zhou_data_files". That directory has three subdirectories:</p> <p>1. alignments<br> 2. indel_matrices<br> 3. trees</p> <p>The Houde_Braun_Zhou_data_files directory also includes a README.txt file with complete details regarding the contents of each subdirectory.</p>
Data from: Ecological release lead to novel otogenetic diet shift in kokanee (Oncoryhnchus nerka)
We investigate adaptive resource polymorphism in kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Jo-Jo Lake, Alaska by determining whether previously observed niche expansion occurs at the population or individual level. Utilizing morphological, genetic, and stable isotope techniques, we found no evidence of discrete trophic morphotypes as previously described, but instead found evidence for an ontogenetic diet shift. Carbon and nitrogen isotope data indicate a 40% decrease in the proportion of benthic feeding and an increase of 1 trophic position over the size and age ranges of adult kokanee, corresponding to a diet shift from consumption of macroinvertebrates in smaller individuals to piscivory in larger individuals. This novel piscivory in kokanee may result from predatory and competitive freedom resulting from the lack of limnetic predators in Jo-Jo Lake. Piscivorous feeding despite a phenotype-environment mismatch has resulted in large, piscivorous kokanee having up to 70% of their gill rakers damaged. Observed reductions in gill raker number relative to the putative ancestral population are convergent with expectations for piscivorous fishes, despite a presumed lack of standing genetic variation for piscivory in the sockeye salmon-kokanee species complex. Jo-Jo Lake kokanee are a distinctive example of adaptation in salmonids in response to ecological release. This unusual population highlights the importance of phenotypic plasticity in response to competition in shaping the adaptive landscape and altering evolutionary trajectories.
Data from: How are the phenologies of ripening and seed release affected by species' ecology and evolution?
The phenology of seed ripening and release are important for dispersal, reproductive success and survival of plants. Most phenological studies, however, consider early phenological phases. Here, we examined the ecological and evolutionary basis of ripening and seed release phenology. We monitored single flower phenology for 104 plant species from 30 families and three life forms from central Europe. Further, we undertook an associate monitoring study along an elevational gradient over two years. We calculated temperature demands (as growing degree days) for ripening and seed release and examined them with respect to the species' seed mass, life form, dispersal mode and phylogeny. We found a strong correlation between species' seed mass and temperature demands for ripening. For both variables seed mass and temperature demands for seed ripening, we found a strong effect of the species phylogeny. These phylogenetic signals strongly indicate that the evolutionary history of the species' lineage affects its seed mass and the temperature demands for seed ripening. Among the studied life forms, shrub species showed the most efficient ripening process. Anemochorous species showed lower relative humidity during seed release than epizoochorous species. For anemochorous species, the synchronisation of release timing with periods that show favourable environmental conditions for wind dispersal could be interpreted as a phenological adaptation to increase dispersal distances. According to the monitoring along the elevational gradient, individuals from higher altitudes showed lower temperature demands for ripening than individuals from lower altitudes. This might tentatively indicate physiological adaptations to lower temperature demands for locations with a shorter growing season. Our study provides basic insights into the ecological, environmental and evolutionary constraints that shape the ripening and seed release phenology of plants. We introduce data that can be used to advance existing models of ripening phenology, seed release and plant spread.
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