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115 results for “ecological role”
Explosive networking: the role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly
<p>Dataset for Cruz-Laufer et al. (2021) Explosive networking: the role of adaptive host radiations and ecological opportunity in a species-rich host-parasite assembly.</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Many species-rich ecological communities emerge from adaptive radiation events. The effects of this explosive speciation on community assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the well-documented radiations of African cichlid fishes and their interactions with the flatworm gill parasites <em>Cichlidogyrus </em>spp., including 10529 reported infections and 477 different host-parasite combinations collected through a survey of peer-reviewed literature. We assess how evolutionary, ecological, and morphological parameters determine host-parasite meta-communities affected by adaptive radiation events through network metrics, host repertoire measures, and network link prediction. The hosts’ evolutionary history mostly determined host repertoires of the parasites. Ecological and evolutionary parameters determined host-parasite interactions. Generally, ecological opportunity and fitting have shaped cichlid-<em>Cichlidogyrus</em> meta-communities suggesting an invasive potential for hosts used in aquaculture. Meta-communities affected by adaptive radiations are increasingly specialised with higher environmental stability. These trends should be verified across other systems to infer generalities in the evolution of species-rich host-parasite networks.</p>
Niche overlap in rodents increases with competition but not ecological opportunity: A role of inter-individual difference
<div> <p><span>Niche variation at population level mediates niche packing (i.e., patterns of species' spread within the niche space) and species coexistence at community level. Competition and ecological opportunity (resource diversity) are two of the main mechanisms underlying niche variation. Dense niche packing could occur through increased niche partitioning or increased niche overlap.</span></p> <p><span>In this study we used stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data of 635 individual rodents from 4 species across 9 sites in the montane region of a subtropical island to test the effects of competition and ecological opportunity on population isotope niche size, inter-individual niche difference within population, and inter-specific niche overlap within community.</span></p> <p><span>We used the Bayesian Standard Ellipse Area (SEAB, the ellipse area enclosed by carbon and nitrogen isotope values of organisms on a bi-plot) to estimate population niche size and inter-specific niche overlap. Inter-individual niche difference within population was quantified as isotopic divergence and isotopic uniqueness. We used rodent abundance (the number of unique individuals captured) to measure competition and plant isotope niche size (plant SEAB) to measure ecological opportunity.</span></p> <p><span>The rodents experienced competition as evidenced by a negative relationship between population change rate and conspecific abundance. Rodent population niche size increased with ecological opportunity but not competition. The inter-individual niche difference (isotopic uniqueness) increased with competition (inter-specific competition only) but not ecological opportunity. At community level, inter-specific niche overlap (herbivore—omnivore pair only) increased with competition (the combined abundance of the pair) but not ecological opportunity.</span></p> <p><span>This study demonstrated that isotope niche variation of the rodents could be hierarchically influenced by ecological opportunity and competition, with the former setting the limit of population niche size across communities and the latter shaping inter-individual niche difference and inter-specific niche overlap within communities. Under strong intra-specific competition and limited ecological opportunity for niche expansion, individuals may choose to increase their isotopic uniqueness from conspecifics at the cost of overlapping with heterospecifics of different trophic roles within the community niche space as overall competition increases. Denser niche packing of these rodent communities might be achieved through increased niche overlap.</span></p> </div>
Species-specific effects and the ecological role of Programmed cell Death in the microalgae Ankistrodesmus (Sphaeropleales, Selenastraceae)
<p>Reports of programmed cell death (PCD) in phytoplankton raise questions about the ecological evolutionary role of cell death in these organisms. We induced PCD by nitrogen deprivation and unregulated cell death (non-PCD) in one strain of the green microalga <em>Ankistrodesmus densus</em> and investigated the effects of the cell death supernatants on phylogenetically related co-occurring organisms using growth rates and maximum biomass as proxies of fitness. PCD-released materials from <em>A. densus</em> CCMA-UFSCar-3 significantly increased growth rates of two conspecific strains compared to healthy culture (HC) supernatants and improved the maximum biomass of all <em>A. densus</em> strains compared to related species. Although growth rates of non-<em>A. densus</em> with PCD supernatants were not statistically different from HC treatment, biomass gain was significantly reduced. Thus, the organic substances released by PCD, possibly nitrogenous compounds, could promote conspecific growth. These results support the argument that PCD may differentiate species or subtypes and increases inclusive fitness in this model unicellular chlorophyte. Further research, however, is needed to identify the responsible molecules and how they interact with cells to provide the PCD benefits.</p>
Data for "The Role of Mood and Stress in Physical Activity Engagement: Insights from Ecological Momentary Assessment
<p>Data collected in the SmartPA study in a joint effort from the Department of Psychology at the University of Salzburg (Jens Blechert) and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Prevention Salzburg.</p>
Fig. 3 in Ecology Of The Cold-Adapted Species Nebria Germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae): The Role Of Supraglacial Stony Debris As Refugium During The Current Interglacial Period
Fig. 3. Sampling data are expressed as average Activity Density (AD: number of individuals per day of trap activity). Whiskers represent standard deviation
Fig. 1 in Ecology Of The Cold-Adapted Species Nebria Germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae): The Role Of Supraglacial Stony Debris As Refugium During The Current Interglacial Period
Fig. 1. Map with the position of the two sampling sites (Agola and Sorapiss). At the top left, a picture of N. germari taken on Sorapiss. (Photo by D. Dalpiaz and F. Pupin/ Archive MUSE)
Fig. 1 in Ecological correlates of ectoparasite load in a rodent: Complex roles of seasonality
Fig. 1. Interactive effects of season and body weight (centralized) on tick load in S. dauricus (A); and interactive effects of season and trappability on tick load in S. dauricus (B).
Fig. 9 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 9. Immature stages of extant Chaoborus sp. in lateral view: (A) larva; (B) pupa. Scale bars 1 mm. Drawings modified after Saether (1997).
Fig. 10 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 10. Vertical diurnal migration of the last larval instar of Chaoborus punctipennis in the extant meromictic Crawford Lake, Canada. Crawford Lake is continuously anoxic below 14 m, but the anaerobic boundary may vary seasonally from 11 to 14 m. The hours are plotted horizontally, the depth in metres is plotted vertically. Horizontal scale shows number of individuals/m3. Modified after Sardella and Carter (1983).
Fig. 5 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 5. Different sizes of fossil chaoborid mandibles, found in one coprolite. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bar 50 µm.
Fig. 8 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 8. Parts of respiratory horns of phantom midge pupae (Chaoboridae): (A) upper part of fossil respiratory horn in a coprolite; (B) upper part of a respiratory horn from extant Chaoborus sp. The appendices of the respiratory horns are arrowed. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 50 µm.
Fig. 6 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 6. Mandibles of phantom midge larvae (Chaoboridae): (A) fossil structure in a coprolite; (B) mandible from extant Chaoborus sp. Transmitted light microscopy. Scale bar 25 µm in Fig. 6A and 100 µm in Fig. 6B.
Fig. 7 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 7. Fossil structures: (A) pair of caudal hooks, remains of a chaoborid larva; (B) T-shaped bases of setae of an anal fan, remains of a culicoid larva; (C) paddle with supporting midrib, remains of a Chaoborus pupa. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 25 µm.
Fig. 4 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 4. Parts of mandibles of phantom midge larvae (Chaoboridae): (A) fossil structure in a coprolite; (B) part of a mandible from extant Chaoborus sp. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 100 µm.
Fig. 2 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 2. Coprolites of so-called type A which exclusively contain remains from aquatic living invertebrates: (A) round coprolite; (B) elongated coprolite. Incident light microscopy. Scale bars 5 mm.
Data from: Quantifying the ecological role of crocodiles: A 50-year review of metabolic requirements and nutrient contributions in Northern Australia
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Species-specific effects and the ecological role of Programmed cell Death in the microalgae Ankistrodesmus (Sphaeropleales, Selenastraceae)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Niche overlap in rodents increases with competition but not ecological opportunity: A role of inter-individual difference
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Datasets and code for Dražina et al. 2023: Unravelling the Role of Top Predators and Macrophytes in Mediterranean Ponds: The Ecological Significance of Rotifers
<p>Dataset and R code to accompany manuscript 'Unravelling the Role of Top Predators and Macrophytes in Mediterranean Ponds: The Ecological Significance of Rotifers' accepted for publication in the journal Hydrobiologia</p>
Data from: The evolution of sex roles: The importance of ecology and social environment
<p>Males and females often have different roles in reproduction, although the origin of these differences have remained controversial. Explaining the enigmatic reversed sex roles where males sacrifice their mating potential and provide full parental care is a particularly long-standing challenge in evolutionary biology. While most studies focused on ecological factors as the drivers of sex roles, recent research highlights the significance of social factors such as the adult sex ratio. To disentangle these propositions, here we investigate the additive and interactive effects of several ecological and social factors on sex role variation using shorebirds (sandpipers, plovers and allies) as model organisms that provide the full spectrum of sex role variation including some of the best known examples of sex role reversal. Our results consistently show that social factors play a prominent role in driving sex roles. Importantly, we show for the first time that reversed sex roles are associated with both male-skewed adult sex ratios and high breeding densities. Furthermore, phylogenetic path analyses provide the first general support for sex ratios driving sex role variations rather than being a consequence of sex roles. Together, these novel results open a new research direction by showing that different mating opportunities of males and females play a major role in generating the evolutionary diversity of sex roles, mating system and parental care.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.