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28 results for “economic complexity”
Polyploidy promotes divergent evolution across the leaf economics spectrum and plant edaphic niche in the Dianthus broteri complex
<ol> <li>The evolution of the leaf economics spectrum (LES) is known to be constrained by genetic relatedness but also promoted at small geographic and phylogenetic scales. In those cases, we hypothesised that polyploidy would play a prominent role as an outstanding source of functional divergence and adaptive potential.</li> <li>We registered leaf-level nutrient, water and light economy related traits from the LES as well as edaphic properties in the four cytotypes of the autopolyploid <i>Dianthus broteri</i> complex (2×, 4×, 6× and 12×). We analysed the effect of ploidy level on the integration of the LES network, checked if concerted evolution occurred between LES and soil niche and tested the influence of phylogeny on the variables. Alternative evolutionary models for both sets of traits were compared.</li> <li> <span>We found higher divergence of polyploids (especially 6</span>×<span> and 12</span>×<span>) compared to diploids</span> in the LES and soil niche, but these traits are not coevolving. <span>6</span>×<span> and 12</span>× showed opposite ecological strategies regarding resource use and higher uncoupling of the LES network. Early divergence of traits prevailed in both LES and edaphic niche (supported by better fitted evolutionary models with one optimum per cytotype), but post-polyploidization processes played an important role for the photochemical behaviour.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis.</i><b> </b><span>Our results indicated shifts in ecological strategies across <i>D. broteri</i> cytotypes and suggested a powerful role of polyploidy in overcoming constraints for the evolution of plant functional traits.</span> </li> </ol>
Polyploidy promotes divergent evolution across the leaf economics spectrum and plant edaphic niche in the Dianthus broteri complex
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Complex situations: economic insecurity, mental health, and substance use among pregnant women who consider – but do not have – abortions
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Fig. 9 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)
Fig. 9 Parsimony network (spring tree) for nuclear genomic C-mos haplotypes (numbered) of Pelodiscus. Shading of slices indicates mtDNA haplotypes (A–D). Frequencies of C-mos haplotypes: C-mos1 = 6; Cmos2 = 3; C-mos3 = 2; C-mos4 = 16; C-mos5 = 1; C-mos6 = 14; Cmos7 = 2. Greatest outgroup weight: C-mos3 (0.381). For further explanations, see Fig. 3, Table 2 and text
Fig. 2 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)
Fig. 2 Bayesian tree for mtDNA haplotypes of Pelodiscus based on concatenated sequences of all three mitochondrial fragments from present authors' samples (2,421 sites, mixed-model approach). Numbers above branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities; below
Fig. 5 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)
Fig. 5 Parsimony network (spring tree) for fragment 2 haplotypes (mtDNA: ND4 + tRNA-His, tRNA-Ser, tRNA-Leu) of Pelodiscus. Connection enforced. Haplotype frequencies: A = 8, B1 = 2, B3 = 12, C = 3, all other haplotypes n =1. Greatest outgroup weight: B2 (0.4). For further explanations, see Fig. 3 and text
Fig. 4 Bayesian tree for fragment 1 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)
Fig. 4 Bayesian tree for fragment 1 haplotypes (mtDNA: 12S rRNA) of Pelodiscus. For GenBank haplotypes, accession numbers shown. Dash indicates this branch not found by MP analysis. Sequences labelled as P. axenaria or P. sinensis by Chen et al. (2005) and by
Fig. 8 Bayesian tree for fragment 3 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)
Fig. 8 Bayesian tree for fragment 3 haplotypes (mtDNA: cyt b + tRNA-Thr) of Pelodiscus. For GenBank haplotypes, accession numbers shown. Sequences labelled as P. axenaria or P. sinensis by
Fig. 3 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)
Fig. 3 Parsimony network (spring tree) for fragment 1 haplotypes (mtDNA: 12S rRNA) of Pelodiscus. Gaps treated as fifth character state. Connection limit 95%. Symbol size corresponds to approximate haplotype frequency; missing node haplotypes, small solid circles. Each uncrossed line connecting haplotypes indicates one mutational step; where hashmarks across lines are present, each hashmark indicates one step. For GenBank sequences representing unique haplotypes (white), accession numbers shown; GenBank sequences AF043413 and AY687385 are identical with our fragment 1 haplotype B2 + B3 + B4. Haplotype frequencies: A = 8, B2 + B3 + B4 = 16, C = 3, D1 + D2 = 2, all other haplotypes n =1. Greatest outgroup weight: B2 + B3 + B4 (0.5757). Sequences labelled as P. axenaria or P. sinensis by Chen et al. (2005) and by Chen and Zhang (unpublished, in GenBank) indicated. Short GenBank sequences AY304497 and AY389697 excluded (see text)
Figure 10 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 10. Relationships between sequences of the ITS2 rRNA locus obtained from nine Anagrus species. Sequences of 10 specimens were obtained by direct-sequencing. Intra-individual variation required that the ITS2 of the remaining 16 specimens was cloned prior to sequencing. Three clones were sequenced for each of these specimens (labelled A, B and C). The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated sequences clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches and the tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths indicating uncorrected p-distance. Analysed sequence matrix was 731 bp including gaps.
Figure 8 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 8. Anagrus fisheri, female (Kerkini Marsh, Lake Kerkini, Central Macedonia, Greece): (a) antenna; (b) fore and hind wings; (c) metasoma.
Figure 9 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 9. Genealogical relationships among the sequences of a 587 bp fragment of COI from nine species of Anagrus. Optimal NJ tree with the sum of branch length = 0.22476409. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches and the tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths indicating uncorrected p-distance.
Figure 6. Anagrus nilaparvatae, syn. n in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 6. Anagrus nilaparvatae, syn. n. of A. incarnatus, female: (a) antenna (Lucao, Chiayi Co., Taiwan, from egg of Nilaparvata lugens; F3 with 1 mps); (b) antenna (same as (a); F3 without mps); (c) mesosoma (same as (a)); (d) metasoma (same locality as (a), from egg of Nephotettix cincticeps); (e) fore wing (same as (d)); (f) fore wing (same as (a)).
Figure 7 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 7. (a–c) Anagrus breviphragma, synonym of A. incarnatus, male (SE end of Lago del Matese, Caserta Province, Campania, Italy): (a) antenna; (b) fore and hind wings; (c) genitalia. (d, e) Anagrus nilaparvatae, syn. n. of A. incarnatus, male (Lucao, Chiayi Co., Taiwan, from egg of Nilaparvata lugens): (d) antenna; (e) genitalia.
Figure 5 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 5. Anagrus incarnatosimilis, stat. rev. as a synonym of A. incarnatus, female fore and hind wings: (a) Eriksberg, Upland Uppsala, Sweden; (b) Mortizza, Piacenza Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (from egg of Cicadella viridis, determined by E. Chiappini).
Figure 2 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 2. Anagrus breviphragma, synonym of A. incarnatus, female: (a) antenna (Mortizza, Piacenza Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, from egg of Cicadella viridis, determined by E. Chiappini); (b) fore wing (Fosso di Trafusina, Castelporziano Presidential Estate, Roma Province, Lazio, Italy); (c) metasoma (same as (b)).
Figure 3. Anagrus columbi, syn. n in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 3. Anagrus columbi, syn. n. of A. incarnatus, female: (a) antenna (Palisade, Mesa Co., Colorado, USA); (b) fore wing (same as (a)); (c) metasoma (Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, from egg of Dalbulus maidis).
Figure 1 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 1. (a) An egg mass of brown rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, parasitised by Anagrus nilaparvatae, syn. n. of A. incarnatus (Taiwan); (b, c) A. nilaparvatae, habitus: (b) female (Gukeng, Yunlin Co., Taiwan, from egg of Nilaparvata lugens), (c) male (Lucao, Chiayi Co., Taiwan, from egg of N. lugens); (d) female of A. incarnatosimilis, stat. rev. as a synonym of A. incarnatus, habitus (Forêt de Loverval, Leuven, Gerpinnes, Hainaut, Belgium, determined as A. incarnatus incarnatus by H. R. Debauche).
Figure 4 in New synonymies in the Anagrus incarnatus Haliday 'species complex' (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) including a common parasitoid of economically important planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) pests of rice in Asia
Figure 4. Anagrus incarnatosimilis, stat. rev. as a synonym of A. incarnatus, female: (a) antenna (Forêt de Meerdael, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium, determined as A. incarnatus incarnatus by H. R. Debauche); (b) antenna (Mortizza, Piacenza Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, from egg of Cicadella viridis, determined by E. Chiappini); (c) mesosoma (Eriksberg, Upland Uppsala, Sweden); (d) mesosoma (same as (b)); (e) metasoma (same as (c)); (f) metasoma (Vaganovo, Vsevolozhskiy rayon, Leningradskaya oblast', Russia).
IMPact on Revascularization Outcomes of IVUS Guided Treatment of Complex Lesions and Economic Impact
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04221815. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 8. Publications: 1.
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