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131 results for “ecosystem impact”
Community and Ecosystem Impacts in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest 2003-2020
Hemlock decline in New England is caused by direct and indirect effects of invasion of the hemlock woolly adelgid. Direct damage from the insect is causing gradual mortality of hemlock, and widespread harvesting of hemlock in advance of mortality creates a contrasting disturbance. Although both processes affect thousands of acres of forest annually, we have only a limited understanding of their effects on forest ecosystem function and productivity and the nature of the subsequent forest community. We anticipate that harvesting will yield different consequences than gradual mortality from the insect. Therefore we have designed an experiment to simulate the impact of both in order to contrast them. To simulate some of the effects of the adelgid (e.g., progressive mortality, retention of the wood on the site) we are girdling all hemlocks in a hemlock-dominated stand. In the adjacent area we are conducting a commercial harvesting of hemlock. Results from both experimental treatments will be compared to the changes observed in forests that are being infested by the adelgid, and can also be included in integrated analyses of a suite of large experiments that form a core component of the Harvard Forest LTER program.
Impacts of microplastics on wetland ecosystem dynamics: a mesocosm study of trophic interactions and community responses, 2021-2025
This dataset documents a mesocosm experiment conducted to evaluate the ecological impacts of microplastics (MP) on wetland communities representative of eastern USA wetlands. The study focused on key organisms across trophic levels, including tadpoles (Lithobates pipiens), snails (Helisoma trivolvis), zooplankton (Daphnia pulex), phytoplankton, and periphyton communities, to assess the effects of three microplastic types (low-density polyethylene–LDPE, medium-density polystyrene–PS, and high-density polyester–PES) at two concentrations (1 mg/L and 5 mg/L), alongside a no-microplastic control. Experimental units consisted of 70 mesocosms (19-L buckets) with 10 replicates per treatment, established between July 1–15, 2021, at Binghamton University’s Ecological Research Facility. Response variables included survival and developmental traits (mass, snout-vent length, shell width) of tadpoles and snails, microplastic ingestion, zooplankton abundance, phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll and phycocyanin concentrations), and periphyton mass. The dataset provides comprehensive measurements of community responses and water quality parameters, offering insights into the ecological consequences of microplastic pollution in wetland ecosystems. This dataset is suitable for researchers studying ecotoxicology, wetland ecology, and the impacts of anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic food webs.
Data associated with the FLooded Upland Dynamics EXperiment (FLUDEX), conducted at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area 1997 to 2003, investigating reservoir flooding impacts on ecosystems, particularly the release of mercury and greenhouse gases.
The data included in this repository were collected over the course of the FLooded Upland Dynamics Experiment (FLUDEX) conducted at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA) from 1997 to 2003. A plethora of data was collected over five years of flooding three upland reservoir sites, in order to examine the relationship between the amount of flooded, and thus decomposed, terrestrial organic matter and the production of methylmercury (MeHg), total mercury (THg), and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the reservoirs. Findings from this experiment suggest that the amount of organic carbon stored in a flooded site does not directly influence the amount of THg, MeHg, and GHGs produced, but it does affect the persistence of mercury in the reservoir and food web. This version of the repository contains data collected on water chemistry, benthic invertebrate (chironomid) emergence, mercury and methylmercury concentrations in the water and food web, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in emerging insects and zooplankton, and abundance and biomass of zooplankton, phytoplankton, and bacteria. This data package contains only some of the data from the FLUDEX project. IISD-ELA hopes to add more data in subsequent versions.
Land-Use Impacts on Ecosystem Services Provisioning in Massachusetts 2001-2011
Meeting fundamental human needs while also maintaining ecosystem function and services is the central challenge of sustainability science. In the densely populated state of Massachusetts, USA, abundant forests and other natural land cover convey a range of ecosystem services. However, after more than a century of reforestation following an agrarian past, Massachusetts is again losing forests, this time to housing and commercial development. We used land-cover maps, ecosystem process models, and land-use data bases to map changes (2001, 2006, 2011) in eight ecosystem service variables and to identify “hotspots,” or areas that produce a high value of five or more services, at three policy-relevant spatial scales. Water-related services (clean water provisioning and flood regulation) experienced local declines in response to shifting land uses, but changed little when measured at the state-level. General habitat quality for terrestrial species declined state-wide during the study period as a consequence of forest loss. In contrast, climate regulation (carbon storage) and cultural services (outdoor recreation) increased, driven by continued forest biomass accrual and land protection, respectively. Timber harvest volume had high inter-annual variability, but no temporal trend. The scale at which hotspots are delineated greatly affects their quantity and spatial configuration, with a higher density in eastern Massachusetts and 10–12% more hotspots overall when they are identified at a town scale as compared to a watershed or state scale. Ecosystem service hotspots cover a small percentage of land area in Massachusetts (2.5–3.5% of the state), but are becoming more abundant as urbanization concentrates ecosystem service provisioning onto a diminished natural land base. This suggests that while ecosystem service hotspots are valuable targets for conservation, more are not necessarily better since hotspot proliferation can reflect the bifurcation of the landscape into servic
Global Climate Change Impacts on the Vegetation and Fauna of Mangrove Forested Ecosystems in Florida (FCE): Nekton Portion from March 2000 to April 2004
Depth is measured at 3 random locations within each net at time of set. All other variables (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen) are measured at the river bank adjacent to each net also at the time of set. Minimum and maximum values for sites were found to be: Salinity(ppt) = SRSMc-S2: 0.3-14.7, SRSMc-S3: 15.6-34.4, SRSMc-S4: 2.4-34; Water temp(degrees C)= SRSMc-S2: 22.2-31.5, SRSMc-S3: 16.6-31.1, SRSMc-S4: 21.1-30.6; DO(mg/l)= SRSMc-S2: 2.55-5.27, SRSMc-S3: 2.08-5.3, SRSMc-S4: 1.25-4.2; Mean depth(cm)= SRSMc-S2: 0.0-24.6, SRSMc-S3: 5.7-41.5, SRSMc-S4: 0.0-21.4
Global Climate Change Impacts on the Vegetation and Fauna of Mangrove Forested Ecosystems in Florida (FCE): Nekton Mass from March 2000 to April 2004
Bottomless lift nets are buried within the mangrove forest floor and raised remotely on slack high spring tides to enclose a 6m2 area. As the tide ebbs, fishes retreat into a subtidal refuge cleared when the tide has fallen. Three replicate nets have been sampled at 3 locations along a salinity gradient on Shark River for 4 years. Small resident forage fish and grass shrimp dominate the collections. Exotic species and estuarine transient species that use the estuary as a nursery are rare within the assemblage of fishes that routinely use the flooded forest.
Data used in the article: "Climate change impacts the vertical structure of marine ecosystem thermal ranges"
<p>This dataset is used in the manuscript "Climate change impacts the vertical structure of marine ecosystem thermal ranges" accepted in Nature Climate Change 2022.</p>
Microfossildataset "Alpine glacier reveals ecosystem impacts of Europe's prosperity and peril over the last millennium"
<p>Full palynological dataset from Colle Gnifetti glacier in the Monte Rosa Massif (Swiss Alps; 45°55'45.7'' N, 7°52'30.5'' E; 4450m a.s.l.)</p> <p>The dataset contains raw counts for pollen, ferns, NPP (Non-pollen palynomorphs), microscopic charcoal concentrations.</p> <p>Ice core depths are given as m weq = meters waterequivalent.</p> <p>Chronology is based on Jenk et al. (2009) and Sigl et al. (2018). "yr. BP" indicates "years before present" with "present" defined as 1950 CE.</p> <p>Further information on the dataset is given in the paper "Alpine glacier reveals ecosystem impacts of Europe’s prosperity and peril over the last millennium" by Brugger et al. published in Geophysical Research Letters.</p> <p> </p>
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 3 meteorological station: 5-minute summary wind and air temperature data: 2018 - ongoing
5-minute summary data at NEAT Block-3 met station. A met station consisting of a 10-meter mast is installed on the northwest corner of the site. Air temperature, wind direction and wind speed sensors are mounted on the mast. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 1 meteorological station: 30-minute summary data: 2019 - ongoing
30-minute summary data at NEAT Block-1 met station. A met station consisting of a 10-meter mast is installed on the northwest corner of the site. Air temperature, wind direction and wind speed sensors are mounted on the mast. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. Precipitation is measured. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 3 meteorological station: 1-hour summary data: 2018 - ongoing
Hourly summary data at NEAT Block-3 met station. Average air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation as well as albedo, incoming solar, and solar reflective are measured and calculated at an automated meteorological station installed at Jornada LTER NEAT Block-3 site. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 1 meteorological station: Daily summary data: 2019 - ongoing
Daily summary data at NEAT Block-1 met station. A met station consisting of a 10-meter mast is installed on the northwest corner of the site. Air temperature, wind direction and wind speed sensors are mounted on the mast. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. Precipitation is measured. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 3 meteorological station: Daily summary data: 2018 - ongoing
Daily summary data at NEAT Block-3 met station. Average air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation as well as albedo, incoming solar, and solar reflective are measured and calculated at an automated meteorological station installed at Jornada LTER NEAT Block-3 site. A vertical wind profile is measured with anemometers at 0. 45m, 0.90m, 1.90m, 4.40m and 10m on the mast. A wind vane is installed at 2.50m and 8.50m. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 1 meteorological station: 1-second summary precipitation data: 2019 - ongoing
1-second summary precipitation data at NEAT Block-1 met station. Total precipitation per second is recorded only if there is measurable precipitation. This is recorded at an automated meteorological station installed at Jornada LTER NEAT Block-1 site. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset. IMPORTANT: Rainfall is only recorded when a bucket tip occurs on the tipping bucket rain gauge. If there is missing data due to equipment or other problems, there will be no indication of this within this dataset. The user needs to review precipitation values in the 30 minute or hourly summary datasets to determine if there are missing data in this 1 second detailed precipitation dataset.
Jornada Basin LTER Nutrient and Ecosystem impacts of Aeolian Transport Study (NEAT) Block 3 meteorological station: 1-second summary precipitation data: 2018 - ongoing
1-second summary precipitation data at NEAT Block-3 met station. Total precipitation per second is recorded only if there is measurable precipitation. This is recorded at an automated meteorological station installed at Jornada LTER NEAT Block-3 site. This climate station is operated by the Jornada LTER Program. This is an ONGOING dataset. IMPORTANT: Rainfall is only recorded when a bucket tip occurs on the tipping bucket rain gauge. If there is missing data due to equipment or other problems, there will be no indication of this within this dataset. The user needs to review precipitation values in the 30 minute or hourly summary datasets to determine if there are missing data in this 1 second detailed precipitation dataset.
Disentangling responses to natural stressor and human impact gradients in river ecosystems across Europe
<p>1. Rivers are dynamic ecosystems in which both human impacts and climate-driven drying events are increasingly common. These anthropogenic and natural stressors interact to influence the biodiversity and functioning of river ecosystems. Disentangling ecological responses to these interacting stressors is necessary to guide management actions that support ecosystems adapting to global change.</p> <p>2. We analysed the independent and interactive effects of human impacts and natural drying on aquatic invertebrate communities—a key biotic group used to assess the health of European freshwaters. We calculated biological response metrics representing communities from 406 rivers in eight European countries: taxonomic richness, functional richness and redundancy, and two biomonitoring indices that indicate ecological status. We analysed metrics based on the whole community and a group of taxa with traits promoting resistance and/or resilience ('high RR') to drying. We also examined how responses vary across Europe in relation to climatic aridity.</p> <p>3. Most community metrics decreased independently in response to impacts and drying. A richness-independent biomonitoring index (the average score per taxon; ASPT) showed particular potential for use in biomonitoring, and should be considered alongside new metrics representing high RR diversity, to promote accurate assessment of ecological status.</p> <p>4. High RR taxonomic richness responded only to impacts, not drying. However, these predictors explained little variance in richness and other high RR metrics, potentially due to low taxonomic richness. Metric responsiveness could thus be enhanced by developing region-specific high RR groups comprising sufficient taxa with sufficiently variable impact sensitivities to indicate ecological status.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. Our results inform recommendations guiding the development of metrics to assess the ecological status of dynamic river ecosystems—including those that sometimes dry—thus identifying priority sites requiring further investigation to identify the stressors responsible for environmental degradation. We recommend concurrent consideration of richness-independent biomonitoring indices (such as an ASPT) and new high RR richness metrics that characterize groups of resistant and resilient taxa for region-specific river types. Interactions observed between aridity, impacts and drying evidence that these new metrics should be adaptable, promoting their ability to inform management actions that protect river ecosystems responding to climate change.</p>
Cumulative effects doubled the drought impacts for one-fifth of ecosystems exposed to recurrent droughts during Australia's Millennium Drought
<p><strong>Drought-induced vegetation declines have been reported across the globe and may have widespread implications for ecosystem composition, structure, and functions. Thus, it is critical to maximizing our understanding of how vegetation has responded to recent drought extremes. To date, most drought assessments have focused on the impact of a single drought event, emphasizing the importance of drought intensity for vegetation responses. However, drought timing, duration, and repeat exposure may all be important aspects of ecosystem response with the potential for non-linear effects. Cumulative effects are one such phenomenon, representing the additional decline due to repeated or prolonged exposure to drought, and indicating gradual loss of ecosystem resistance. This study quantifies the frequency and magnitude of cumulative effects among Australian ecosystems as they responded to the Millennium Drought. Three distinct biophysical variables derived from satellite remote sensing were analyzed, including fraction of photosynthetically absorbed radiation, photosynthetic vegetation cover, and canopy density derived from passive microwave data. While cumulative effects were detected in only 20% or less of the landscape exposed to repeat or long-duration drought, they approximately doubled drought impacts in the areas where they occurred. Cultivated lands and grasslands were the most susceptible to cumulative effects from recurrent droughts. Despite being relatively infrequent in forests and savannas, cumulative effects from repeated or long-duration drought caused larger additional declines in these ecosystems. Overall, our study demonstrates that the temporal sequence of drought events can strongly influence the magnitude of drought impacts, which provides important insights into modeling vegetation response to recurrent drought events</strong></p>
Data collected for: The contrasted impacts of grasshoppers on soil microbial activities in function of ecosystem productivity and herbivore diet
<p>Herbivory can have contrasted impacts on soil microbes and nutrient cycling, which has stimulated the development of conceptual frameworks exploring the links between below- and aboveground processes. The "productivity model" predicts that herbivores stimulate microbial activities and accelerate nutrient mineralization in productive ecosystems, while they have an opposite effect in less productive ecosystems. In parallel, the "diet model" predicts that herbivores feeding on conservative plants accelerate nutrient cycling while those feeding on exploitative plants decelerate nutrient cycling, due to changes in litter inputs. Since these two frameworks can lead to conflicting predictions in some cases, experimental evidence combining herbivore diet and productivity is required.</p> <p>During two consecutive years, we conducted an experiment controlling the presence of three grasshopper species consuming either grasses, forbs or both in twelve natural and managed alpine grasslands of contrasted productivities. In order to assess the effects of herbivory on soil microbes, we measured their enzymatic activities, their biomass and the soil potential nitrogen mineralization (PNM). Soil and vegetation characteristics were also determined in order to test if they modulated the effects of herbivory on microbes.</p> <p>Contrary to the predictions of the diet model, the effects of herbivory on microbial characteristics did not depend on the herbivores diet but relied on ecosystem productivity. The most productive sites were characterized by exploitative plant species which depleted N resources in the soil, and by microbes producing relatively few extracellular enzymes, leading to a lower PNM. Herbivory increased microbial biomass and decreased the production of extracellular enzymes in those sites, possibly through the stimulation of root exudates produced by exploitative species. The least productive sites were characterized by conservative plants, which led to the sequestration of soil C, and by microbes having a resource acquisition strategy (more extracellular enzymes, higher PNM). Herbivory decreased microbial biomass and increased the production of extracellular enzymes in those sites. This pattern can be explained by the loss of carbon associated with insect respiration, which increases the need for microbes to acquire resources and by a lower production of root exudates by conservative species. Therefore, the effects of two years of herbivory on soil microbes were at odds with the productivity model, which focuses instead on longer term effects corresponding to herbivory-induced changes in plant species composition. This highlights the multidimensional feature of the impacts of herbivory on ecosystem functioning, both in space and time.</p>
Figure 5 in Study of ecosystem of the Sukhum Bay with emphasis anthropogenic impact, Abkhazian Black Sea coast
Figure 5. Numerical density of ichthyoplankton in vertical catches, ind./m2 (a) and horizontal catches, ind./100 m3 (b):: 1 – goatfish, 2 – horse mackerel, 3 – annular sea bream, 4 –anchovy, 5 – corb
Figure 4 in Study of ecosystem of the Sukhum Bay with emphasis anthropogenic impact, Abkhazian Black Sea coast
Figure 4. Dynamics of holoplankton (а): numerical abundance (N, 103∙ ind./m3), biomass (B, mg/m3) and meroplankton (b): numerical abundance (N, 103∙ ind./m3), biomass (B, mg/m3).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.