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21 results for “ectomycorrhiza”
Extraradical hyphae exhibit more plastic nutrient-acquisition strategies than roots under nitrogen enrichment in ectomycorrhiza-dominated forests
<p>Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) functional traits related to nutrient acquisition are impacted by nitrogen (N) deposition. However, less is known about whether these nutrient-acquisition traits associated with roots and hyphae differentially respond to increased N deposition in ECM-dominated forests with different initial N status. We conducted a chronic N addition experiment (25 kg N ha-1 yr-1) in two ECM-dominated forests with contrasting initial N status, i.e. a <em>Pinus armandii</em> forest (with relatively low N availability) and a <em>Picea asperata</em> forest (with relatively high N availability), to assess nutrient-mining and -foraging strategies associated with roots and hyphae under N addition. We show that nutrient-acquisition strategies of roots and hyphae differently respond to increased N addition. Root nutrient-acquisition strategies showed a consistent response to N addition, regardless of initial forest nutrient status, shifting from organic N mining toward inorganic N foraging. In contrast, the hyphal nutrient-acquisition strategy showed diverse responses to N addition depending on initial forest N status. In the <em>Pinus armandii </em>forest, trees increased belowground carbon (C) allocation to ECM fungi thus enhancing hyphal N-mining capacity under increased N availability. By comparison, in the <em>Picea asperata</em> forest, ECM fungi enhanced both capacities of P foraging and P mining in response to N-induced P limitation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ECM fungal hyphae exhibit greater plasticity in nutrient-mining and -foraging strategies than roots do in response to changes in nutrient status induced by N deposition. This study highlights the importance of ECM associations in tree acclimation and forest function stability under changing environments.</p>
Extraradical hyphae exhibit more plastic nutrient-acquisition strategies than roots under nitrogen enrichment in ectomycorrhiza-dominated forests
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C allocation to the fungus is not a cost to the plant in ectomycorrhizae (a meta-analysis)
Mycorrhizal benefit to plants is most frequently evaluated through growth differences between mycorrhizal (M) and non‐mycorrhizal (NM) plants. These growth differences are often considered to be due to differences in belowground carbon (C) expenditure, or in cost efficiency, i.e. amount of nutrients acquired per C expended. In order to understand whether growth differences between M and NM plants are dictated by differences in C availability, we searched published reports on for relations between plant growth and belowground C allocation, C use efficiency, or nutrient uptake, in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) versus non‐mycorrhizal plants. This search was done for carrying out a meta-analysis on the published literature. The list of studies used in this meta-analysis, along with relevant information from each study, can be found in this dataset.
Supplementary material 1 from: Tedersoo L, Liiv I, Kivistik PA, Anslan S, Kõljalg U, Bahram M (2016) Genomics and metagenomics technologies to recover ribosomal DNA and single-copy genes from old fruit-body and ectomycorrhiza specimens. MycoKeys 13: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8140
Full information and metadata about the genomic and metagenomic samples : Explanation note: Detailed information about metadata, DNA quality and genomic/metagenomic results of fruit-body and EcM root tip samples.
FIGURE 6 in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of basidiospores of Russula ahmadii sp. nov. (LAH35004). Photos by Abdullah Jan.
FIGURE 8 in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 8. Russula ahmadii sp. nov. ectomycorrhiza (LAH-EM3-2013). A. Ectomycorrhizal system. B. Ectomycorrhizal root tip C. Inner mantle layer. D. Outer mantle layer. E. Emanating hyphae. F. Cystidia. Bars: A 0.5 mm, B 2 μm, C & D 11.5 μm, E 13 μm, F 0.8 μm, G 11 μm. Photos and drawing by Sana Jabeen.
FIGURE 3 in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 3. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Russula spp. based on an alignment of LSU sequences, inferred by the Maximum Likelihood method using the General Time Reversible model. The alignment included 34 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 911 positions in the final dataset. The sequence generated in the present study is marked with red bullet representing holotype.
FIGURE 2 in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 2. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Russula spp. based on an alignment of ITS sequences, inferred by the Maximum Likelihood method using the General Time Reversible model. The alignment included 89 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 782 positions in the final dataset. Sequences generated in the present study are marked with bullets. Black represents sequence from basidiomata, green from ectomycorrhizal root tip and red represents sequences from holotype (basidiome).
FIGURE 4 in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 4. Molecular phylogenetic network of Russula ahmadii sp. nov. and closely related species. The phylogenetic network is based on the Median Joining function in Network5. The complete nr ITS rDNA was used. Numbers of mutations are given in brackets. The network was adapted for easier reading.
FIGURE 7 in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 7. Russula ahmadii sp. nov. (LAH35004). A. Basidiospores; B. Basidia; C. Pleurocystidia; D. Cheilocystidia; E. Stipitipellis; F. Pileipellis with pileocystidia. Bars: A 5 μm, B 15 μm, C, D 12 μm, E, F 2.5 μm. Drawings by Sana Jabeen.
FIGURE 1 in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 1. Map of Pakistan. Shaded areas represent the administrative divisions (A: Rawalpindi, B: Hazara, C: Malakand). Sampling sites are represented with asterisks.
FIGURE 5. A–H in Russula ahmadii (Basidiomycota, Russulales), a new species in section Ingratae and its ectomycorrhiza from coniferous forests of Pakistan
FIGURE 5. A–H: Russula ahmadii sp. nov. basidiomata. A and B. Holotype (LAH35004), C and D. LAH35005, E. LAH35007. Bars: A–E 1.2 cm. Photos by Sana Jabeen and Abdul Nasir Khalid.
Data from: Micronutrients may influence the efficacy of ectomycorrhizas to support tree seedlings in a lowland African rain forest
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Phosphorus deficiencies invoke optimal allocation of exoenzymes by ectomycorrhizas
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Data from: Ectomycorrhizas and tree seedling establishment are strongly influenced by forest edge proximity but not soil inoculum
Reforestation is challenging when timber harvested areas have been degraded, invaded by non-native species, or are of marginal suitability to begin with. Conifers form mutualistic partnerships with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to obtain greater access to soil resources, and these partnerships may be especially important in degraded areas. However, timber harvest can impact mycorrhizal fungi by removing or compacting topsoil, removing host plants, and warming and drying the soil. We used a field experiment to evaluate the role of EMF in Douglas-fir reforestation in clearcuts invaded by Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) where traditional reforestation approaches have repeatedly failed. We tested how planting distance from intact Douglas-fir forest edges influenced reforestation success and whether inoculation with forest soils can be used to restore EMF relationships. We used an Illumina DNA sequencing approach to measure the abundance, richness and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on Douglas-fir roots, and assessed differences in Douglas-fir seedling survival and growth near to and far from forest edges with and without forest soil inoculum. Planting Douglas-fir seedlings near forest edges increased seedling survival, growth and EMF root colonization. Edge proximity had no effect on EMF richness but did change fungal community composition. Inoculations with forest soil did not increase EMF abundance or richness or change community composition, nor did it improve seedling establishment. With Illumina sequencing we identified two to three times greater species richness than described in previous edge effects studies. Of the 95 EMF species we identified, 40% of the species occurred on less than 5% of the seedlings. The ability to detect fungi at low abundance may explain why we did not detect differences in EMF richness with distance to hosts as previous studies. Our findings suggest that forest edges are suitable for reforestation, even when the interiors of deforested areas are not. We advocate for timber harvest designs that maximize edge habitat where ectomycorrhizal fungi contribute to tree establishment. However, this study does not support the use of inoculation with forest soil as a simple method to enhance EMF and seedling survival.
Dataset and Code Accompanying the Study by Medina-Vega et al. in Nature Ecology & Evolution: Tropical Tree Ectomycorrhiza Are Distributed Independently of Soil Nutrients
<p>This Zenodo repository contains the code and the processed dataset used in the research paper titled "Tropical tree ectomycorrhiza are distributed independently of soil nutrients" published in Nature Ecology & Evolution. In this study, we investigate the distribution and abundance of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees in lowland tropical forests and their relationship with soil quality.</p><p><strong>Key Finding</strong>: EcM-associated trees' distribution and abundance in lowland tropical forests are independent of soil quality.</p><p><strong>Contents</strong>:</p><ol><li><strong>Code (</strong>CODE_COARSE_SCALE.R and CODE_FINE_SCALE.R<strong>)</strong>: Contains the R scripts used for data analysis.</li><li><strong>Processed Dataset</strong> (PCs_prop_EcM.csv): Includes the processed data for the fine-scale analysis.</li><li><strong>README</strong>: Provides detailed information on how to use the code, interpret the dataset, and access additional required information.</li></ol><p><strong>Data Access Information</strong>:</p><ul><li>To perform the full analyses, please request additional data from the Principal Investigators (PIs) of the plots.</li><li>ForestGEO plot data can be obtained upon request through the ForestGEO portal at http://ctfs.si.edu/datarequest/.</li><li>Refer to Extended Data Table 1 in the manuscript for a comprehensive list of data sources.</li></ul>
Figure 2 from: Tedersoo L, Liiv I, Kivistik PA, Anslan S, Kõljalg U, Bahram M (2016) Genomics and metagenomics technologies to recover ribosomal DNA and single-copy genes from old fruit-body and ectomycorrhiza specimens. MycoKeys 13: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8140
Figure 2 - Impact of maximum obtained DNA concentration and number of Illumina HiSeq reads on the size of all scaffolds (A, B) and largest nuclear rDNA scaffold (C, D). Regular straight lines and dotted lines indicate linear and better fitting logarithmic relationships, respectively.
Figure 1 from: Tedersoo L, Liiv I, Kivistik PA, Anslan S, Kõljalg U, Bahram M (2016) Genomics and metagenomics technologies to recover ribosomal DNA and single-copy genes from old fruit-body and ectomycorrhiza specimens. MycoKeys 13: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.13.8140
Figure 1 - Effect of specimen age on the recovery of reads in the Illumina HiSeq run. Closed circles, 'old' fruit-bodies; shaded circles, 'regular' fruit-bodies; open circles, 'unsequenced' fruit-bodies; shaded triangles, ectomycorrhizal root tips representing unique rare lineages; open triangles, 'unsequenced' ectomycorrhizal root tips.
Data from: Ectomycorrhizas and tree seedling establishment are strongly influenced by forest edge proximity but not soil inoculum
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Laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis of ectomycorrhizas formed by the ascomycete Tuber melanosporum reveal functional heterogeneity between mantle and Hartig net compartments
GEO Series GSE36870. Corylus avellana; Tuber melanosporum. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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