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Fig. 6 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 6. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), female vulva. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Vulva in situ behind second pair of legs, posterior view. B. Details of right vulva behind second pair of legs. C. Detail of microtubular structure under the vulva. D. Vulva in ventral view. E. Vulva in anterior view. Abbreviations: o = operculum; b = bursa. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–E = 10 μm.

Fig. 3 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 3. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), paratypes. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Head and first body rings in lateral view. B. Last body rings ("tail") in lateral view. C. Tip of antenna. D. Detail of the limbus; notice lines of beadlike structures between cuticular scutes. E. Detail of labrum in frontal view. F. Gnathochilarium in ventral view; the arrow shows the distomesal setae on stipes. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 100 μm; C = 10 μm; D = 1 μm.

Fig. 2 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 2. Distribution of species of Chiraziulus Mauriès, 1983 in Iran (Mauriès 1987). C. troglopersicus sp. nov.: red dot (1); C. kaiseri: yellow dots (2–6). 1. Neyneh Cave. 2. "Chiraz" "montagne greseuse au nord de la ville". 3. 19 km W of Shiraz. 4. 5 km N of Persepolis. 5. Oasis 95 km N of Bandarabass. 6. Sarab Cave.

Fig. 9 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 9. Chiraziulus troglopersicus sp. nov., ♂, paratype, gonopods. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Anterior gonopods in posterior view. B. Detail of the process on the tip of an anterior gonopod in posterior view. C. Anterior gonopods in anterior view. D. As C, in apical view. E. Tip of the flagellum. F. Posterior gonopods in lateral view. G. Tip of the long spine-like process of the posterior gonopod. H. Posterior gonopods in posterior view. I. As H, in anterior view. J. Detail of the mesal sternal part of the gonopods. Abbreviations: C = coxal process; T = telepodite; f = flagellum; s = setae; dp = distal process. Scale bars: A–D, F, H–I = 10 μm; E, G, J = 1 μm.

Fig. 8 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 8. Number of podous rings and midbody vertical diameter of the studied specimens. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983) in blue; Chiraziulus troglopersicus sp. nov. in red. ▲ = adult ♂♂; ● = juveniles and ♀♀.

Fig. 7 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 7. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983). Comparison of the paratype (A, C, E, G, I and K) and specimen from Ghar Sarab Cave (B, D, F, H, J and L). A–B. Left anterior gonopods, mesal view. C–D. Anterior gonopod, posterior view. E–F. Anterior gonopod, anterior view. G–H. Anterior gonopod, lateral view. I–J. Anterior gonopod, apical view. K–L. Posterior gonopods.

Fig. 12 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 12. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), paratypes infected with ectoparasitic fungi of the genus Rickia Cavara, order Laboulbeniales. A. Arrows indicate black dots on the body rings corresponding to the insertion of the fungi. B. Scanning electron micrograph of the collum with one fungus (arrow). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 μm.

Fig. 5 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 5. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), ♂, paratypes, gonopods. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Anterior gonopods in anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods with one posterior gonopod in lateral view. C. As B, in apical view. D. As B, in posterior view. E–F. Anterior gonopod with detail of the processes on the tip of anterior gonopods. G–I. Posterior gonopod. J. Detail of the mesal sternal part. Abbreviations: C = coxal process; T = telepodite; Ta = anterior lobe of telopodite; Tb = posterior lobe of telepodite. Scale bars: A, D, I = 100 μm; B–C, E–H = 10 μm.

Fig. 11 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 11. Cambala annulata (Say, 1821), anterior gonopod. A. Mesal view. B. Detail of the mesal sternal part. C. Apical part of coxal processes and telepodite. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–C = 10 μm.

Fig. 4 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 4. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), ♂, paratype, anterior gonopod. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Tip of flagellum. B. Flagellum insertion and loop across anterior gonopod coxite. C. Anterior gonopod showing the entire extension of the flagellum. Scale bars: A = 10 μm; B–C = 100 μm.

opencc-by-3.0Nov 2012View details →

Fig. 1 in A new species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea, Gyrodactylidae), an ectoparasite from the endemic Iranocichla hormuzensis (Teleostei, Cichlidae), the only Iranian cichlid

Fig. 1. Gyrodactylus jalalii sp. nov. A. whole mount. B. male copulatory organ. C. marginal hook. D. anchor-bar complex. E. anchor. Scale bars represent 50 µm (whole mount), 10 µm (marginal hook, MCO) or 30 µm (anchor, anchor-bar complex).

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Sex-based population structure of ectoparasites from Neotropical bats

The structure and composition of populations may be molded by multiple evolutionary and ecological mechanisms, with natural selection affecting sex ratios, as well as the distributions of each sex throughout the environment. To address sex-based aspects of population structure, I evaluated sex ratios, co-occurrence of the sexes, correlations of abundance of the sexes, and dispersion of individuals of each sex for each of 34 host-ectoparasite associations from Paraguayan bats. Of the 34 host-ectoparasite associations, 23 exhibited positive co-occurrence, 27 exhibited positive correlation of abundances, 4 exhibited male sex bias, 1 exhibited female sex bias, 27 had clumped distributions of males, and 26 had clumped distributions of females. No associations exhibited negative co-occurrence, negative correlation of abundance, or hyper-dispersed males or females. There was no evidence for sexual segregation, sex-based niche partitioning, or intrasexual selection in any host-ectoparasite association. Previously proposed mechanisms (e.g. pre-partum sex bias, local mate competition, or mortality from host grooming) fail to explain observed patterns of sex bias. For ectoparasites of hosts that occupy permanent roost sites, sex-specific behaviour related to reproduction may make females more susceptible to off-host predation and less likely to be present in samples from bats captured away from the roost.

opencc-zeroDec 2011View details →

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Rodent ectoparasite diversity in response to anthropogenic disturbance

Rodents are important hosts for ectoparasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, which means they are also important intermediate hosts for many zoonotic diseases. As anthropogenic environments bring humans and rodents into closer contact, an understanding of host-ectoparasite ecology is essential to predict and manage disease spillover risks. We aimed to understand how disturbances in vegetation cover affect rodent ectoparasite diversity, prevalence, spatial segregation, host (i.e. sex, genus, size, habitat domain), and environmental (i.e. vegetation structure, forest cover, rainfall) variables in the state of Michoacan, Mexico. We compared these variables by trapping rodents in five paired disturbed (reduced vegetation cover, regular human presence) and undisturbed (no reduction in vegetation cover, no human presence) sites in the summer and autumn of 2022. From 108 trapped rodents, we collected 123 ectoparasites on 34 individuals. We found no difference in rodent diversity, ectoparasite diversity, or ectoparasite prevalence between disturbed and undisturbed sites. However, ground-dwelling and male rodents had a higher probability of carrying ectoparasites than arboreal and female rodents. Rodents with ectoparasites were not spatially clustered; rather, they were randomly distributed across trapping grids. We also identified two rodent genera (Rattus and Sigmodon) that carry ectoparasites of medical importance and that are in close contact with humans. Our results highlight the necessity of constant monitoring of rodents, ectoparasites, and their associated transmittable diseases. Assessing these interactions and how they are affected by anthropogenic disturbance could better inform management decisions and support the need for rodent conservation programs in the area.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Fig. 5 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 5. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168, ethanol-preserved specimen. A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view. This specimen was collected on 17 July 1992 and photographed on 2 October 2022. Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 4 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 4. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, First leg, dorsal view; B, distal part of endopod of first leg, dorsal view; C, second leg, dorsal view; D, third leg, dorsal view; E, fourth leg, dorsal view. Ventral rows of plumose setae on rami of third and fourth legs not shown (D, E). Scale bars: A, C–E, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 1. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view. Part of the ventral surface of the thorax was damaged and eggs were seen (Fig. 1B). Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 3 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 3. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, First antenna (a1), second antenna (a2), and postantennal spine (pas), ventral view; B, third and apical segments of first antenna, ventral view; C, third, fourth, and apical segments of second antenna, ventral view; D, swelling bearing six naked setae on posterior margin of first segment of second antenna, ventral view; E, preoral sheath and stylet, ventral view; F, mouth tube, ventral view; G, two anterior supporting rods and marginal projections from rim of first maxilla sucker, ventral view; H, second maxilla and spinules (circled) on second and third segments, ventral view. Scale bars: A, F, H, 0.2 mm; B–E, G, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 2. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, Frontal region of carapace, ventral view; B, posterior region of body, ventral view; C, respiratory areas, ventral view; D, spermathecal spines, ventral view; E, caudal ramus, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, 0.1 mm.