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22 results for “edge influence”
Location and caller familiarity influence mobbing behaviour and the likely ecological impact of noisy miners around colony edges
<p>Mobbing is a widespread, vocally coordinated behaviour where species approach and harass a threat. The noisy miner (<em>Manorina melanocephala</em>) is a notorious native Australian honeyeater, well-known for its hyperaggressive mobbing. Numerous studies have identified negative impacts of their mobbing behaviour, highlighting the exclusion of competitors from colony areas and the resulting loss of woodland-bird biodiversity. Despite this, few studies have investigated mobbing itself, and our understanding of the factors which influence its expression remains limited. Here, we use a field-based playback experiment to investigate whether mobbing responses vary in relation to colony borders and caller familiarity. Noisy miners were more likely to respond, reacted more quickly, and responded more strongly to mobbing calls broadcast inside as opposed to outside the colony. These behavioural differences likely arise from variation in the relative costs and benefits of responding. When noisy miners did mob outside the colony, more individuals joined in response to unfamiliar as opposed to familiar callers. Our results reveal that noisy miner mobbing may not be as indiscriminate as often assumed, with caller familiarity and location influencing this behaviour. We suggest there are benefits to greater consideration of the factors impacting noisy miner mobbing behaviour.</p>
Genomic and environmental influences on resilience in a cold‐water fish near the edge of its range
<p>Small, isolated populations present a challenge for conservation. The dueling effects of selection and drift in a limited pool of genetic diversity make the responses of small populations to environmental perturbations erratic and difficult to predict. This is particularly true at the edge of a species range, where populations often persist at the limits of their environmental tolerances. Populations of cisco, <i>Coregonus artedi</i>, in inland lakes have experienced numerous extirpations along the southern edge of their range in recent decades, which are thought to result from environmental degradation and loss of cold, well-oxygenated habitat as lakes warm. Yet, cisco extirpations do not show a clear latitudinal pattern, suggesting that local environmental factors and potentially local adaptation may influence resilience. Here, we used genomic tools to investigate the nature of this pattern of resilience. We used restriction site-associated DNA capture (Rapture) sequencing to survey genomic diversity and differentiation in southern inland lake cisco populations and compared the frequency of deleterious mutations that potentially influence fitness across lakes. We also examined haplotype diversity in a region of the major histocompatibility complex involved in stress and immune system response. We correlated these metrics to spatial and environmental factors including latitude, lake size, and measures of oxythermal habitat and found significant relationships between genetic metrics and broad and local factors. High levels of genetic differentiation among populations were punctuated by a phylogeographic break and residual patterns of isolation-by-distance. Although the prevalence of deleterious mutations and inbreeding coefficients was significantly correlated with latitude, neutral and non-neutral genetic diversity were most strongly correlated with lake surface area. Notably, differences among lakes in the availability of estimated oxythermal habitat left no clear population genomic signature. Our results shed light on the complex dynamics influencing these isolated populations and provide valuable information for their conservation.</p>
Figs. 1 A, B. A. Richness and B in Influence of the Edge Effect on A Soil Seed BAnk of A NAturAl FrAgment in the AtlAntic Forest
Figs. 1 A, B. A. Richness and B. abundance of the soil seed bank in relation to the edge from Mata Grande of the PEI.
Fig. 3 in Influence of the Edge Effect on A Soil Seed BAnk of A NAturAl FrAgment in the AtlAntic Forest
Fig. 3 NMDS of the composition of the soil seed bank differences in distances from the edge from Mata Grande of the PEI.
Figs. 2 A, B. A in Influence of the Edge Effect on A Soil Seed BAnk of A NAturAl FrAgment in the AtlAntic Forest
Figs. 2 A, B. A Linear regression of the richness and B. abundance of the soil seed bank in relation to the edge from Mata Grande of the PEI (y=Ax+B).
The influence of lattice termination on the edge states of the quantum spin Hall insulator monolayer 1T'-WTe_2
<p>We study the influence of sample termination on the electronic properties of the novel quantum spin Hall insulator monolayer 1T'-WTe<sub>2</sub>. For this purpose, we construct an accurate, minimal 4-orbital tight-binding model with spin-orbit coupling by employing a combination of density-functional theory calculations, symmetry considerations, and fitting to experimental data. Based on this model, we compute energy bands and 2-terminal conductance spectra for various ribbon geometries with different terminations, with and without magnetic field.</p> <p>The provided repository contains all code and data to reproduce the results of this study.</p>
Distance to the edge and other landscape features influence nest predation in grey partridges
<p><span>Predation and habitat deterioration are the main reasons for the strong decline of ground-nesting farmland birds such as the grey partridge <em>Perdix</em> <em>perdix</em> in Europe. Grey partridge nests and incubating females are especially vulnerable to predation. We have previously demonstrated that predator activity is much lower inside flower blocks (agri-environment schemes sown with a flower seed mix) than at their edges and that predator activity in flower blocks depends on the surrounding landscape. Here, we investigate whether these differences in predator activity translate into differences in grey partridge nest predation and assess predation patterns relative to landscape and nest site characteristics. We recorded the success of 56 nests of radio-tagged grey partridges between 2009–2017 in an agricultural landscape in Central Germany. We used Bayesian logistic regression to analyse the effects of nest site and landscape characteristics on nest predation on a subset of 46 nests (21 nests successful, 25 predated). Distance to the edge of the nesting habitat was the most important predictor, reducing predation probability from 66.8% at the edge to 18.5% at 85.5 m. Predation probability decreased with increasing length of habitat borders, habitat diversity and the area of permanent grasslands and fallows. Predation probability was higher further from settlements and increased with increasing woodland area in the agricultural matrix. When considering linear landscape structures, nest predation patterns matched the patterns of predator activity from our previous studies. Results suggest that the distance to the edge of the nesting habitat is most important, and that nest predation may be reduced by providing sufficiently broad nesting habitats. Nest predation may further be minimized by increasing habitat diversity and coverage of extensive vegetation types and by establishing conservation measures for grey partridges further away from woodlands. These measures may also benefit other ground-nesting farmland birds. </span></p>
Distance to the edge and other landscape features influence nest predation in grey partridges
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Genomic and environmental influences on resilience in a cold‐water fish near the edge of its range
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Location and caller familiarity influence mobbing behaviour and the likely ecological impact of noisy miners around colony edges
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Unified Model GA 7.0 Nudging Experiments used in JGR-A publication "Investigating Tropical versus Extratropical Influences on the Southern Hemisphere Tropical Edge in the Unified Model", Freisen et al. (2022)
<p><strong>UK Met Office Unified Model (UM) Global Atmosphere version 7.0 (GA7.0) Nudging Experiments </strong><strong>used in </strong><strong>"Investigating Tropical versus Extratropical Influences on the Southern Hemisphere Tropical Edge in the Unified Model" published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036106).</strong></p> <p>Please refer to UM_nudging_experiments_readme.txt.</p>
Data from: Inter-annual climate variation influences nest initiation date and nest productivity of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker at the northwestern edge of its range
<p>Climate change, including directional shifts in weather averages and extremes and increased inter-annual weather variation, is influencing demograhy and distributions for many bird species. We examined how temperature and precipitation coinciding with multiple nesting seasons affected overall nesting success and productivity for two red-cockaded woodpecker (<em>Dryobates borealis,</em> RCW) populations at the species' northwestern range periphery. We used 26 years of nesting data (1991-2016) from the two RCW populations to determine if inter-annual weather variation has affected nesting pehnology and productivity. We conducted analyses at both broad nesting periods (30 and 60 days before nesting; 40 days overalpping the nesting period up to fledging) and short windows to capture the effects of temperature and precipitation extremes on individual nests. For both RCW populations, warmer early spring temperatures generally advanced nesting and increased clutch size and fledgling number. However, effects of average precipitation varied depending on amount and duration of precipitation in different time periods. At the nest level, temperature and precipitation extremes were unrelated to nest success and loss of nestlings (brood loss). Our results indicate that RCWs are responding to the effects of climate change in various ways, with warming trends having a positive benefit on the species at its northwestern range periphery.</p>
Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate
<p>Datasets used for the publication: UAV-Lidar reveals that canopy structure mediates the influence of edge effects on forest diversity, function and microclimate.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_trees.csv" contains individual tree indentification data for the 46 plots used in the study.</p> <p>The file "Blanchard_et_al_JoE_2023_data_plot_aggregated.csv" contains plot-level aggregated metrics used for the analyses:</p> <p>- distance to the forest edge</p> <p>- diversity indices : the 20-sp rarefied species richness "rar_sp_richness_20" and the 20-sp rarefied Beta diversity "Beta_div" which corresponds to the plos coordinates on the PCoA first axis.</p> <p>- functional indices: the community weighted mean trait values for the four traits used in this study : ,"WD","SLA","LA","LDMC"; the fonctional divergence index "FD_trans.FDiv"; and the synthetic community weigthed mean trait wich corresponds to the postion on plots on the principal component analysis of species trait values "Functional_composition_trans". Note that the SLA and LA values were log-transformed before computing "FD_trans.FDiv" and "Functional_composition_trans".</p> <p>- UAV-LiDAR-dervived metrics: canopy height, gap fraction ("gap_fraction2"), slope, curvature</p> <p>- The estimated plot above graound biomass "agb_plot", and the mean value of the vapor pressure deficit during the drisest month "max_monthly_VPD".</p> <p>- coordinates of the plots in UTM 58S (Coordinate reference system)</p> <p>Please read the material and method section of the article for more informations on this dataset.</p>
Edge effects and pitfall trap design influence spider diversity and assemblages in canola agroecosystems on the Canadian Prairies
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Data from: Inter-annual climate variation influences nest initiation date and nest productivity of the Red-cockaded Woodpecker at the northwestern edge of its range
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Data from: Divergent effects of forest edges on host distribution and seed disperser activity influence mistletoe distribution and recruitment
1. Species interactions define functional diversity and community stability across ecosystems, and depend on the spatial distribution, the habitat requirements, and the sensitivity to disturbances of all interacting partners. Hence, assessing the effects of such anthropogenic disturbances on multi-species interactions may be essential to improve adaptation and mitigation measures for biodiversity conservation. 2. We determined the importance of edge effects on the interaction and distribution of three keystone species in South American temperate rainforests: the hemiparasitic mistletoe Tristerix corymbosus, its main host (the liana Campsidium valdivianum) and its only seed disperser (the marsupial Dromiciops gliroides). 3. The discordant impacts of forest edges on host (positive) and seed disperser (negative) affected mistletoe distribution at large spatial scales, owing to the combined effects of increased dispersal limitation and decreased host availability. More importantly, marsupial abundance had contrasting effects on mistletoe abundance at small and large spatial scales – suggesting a potential trade-off between local and long-distance dispersal. 4. We found the number of adult mistletoes per host increased with host size, which likely indicates that mistletoe colonization accumulated over the host's life-span. However, the number of juveniles found per host peaked at medium-sized hosts, increased with marsupial abundance and host availability and showed a negligible response to edges. 5. Synthesis: The lack of spatial congruence between host and seed disperser probably explains the scarcity of mistletoes in the study area, although the discordant drivers of juvenile and adult distributions suggest that there is a trade-off between recruitment patterns but also potential dispersal limitation at small scales. In essence, the interdependence among species linked by (mutualistic and antagonistic) interactions makes them more sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance, exacerbating its impact on the diversity and functioning of forest ecosystems.
Data from: Edge influence on vegetation at natural and anthropogenic edges of boreal forests in Canada and Fennoscandia
1. Although anthropogenic edges are an important consequence of timber harvesting, edges due to natural disturbances or landscape heterogeneity are also common. Forest edges have been well-studied in temperate and tropical forests, but less so in less productive, disturbance-adapted boreal forests. 2. We synthesized data on forest vegetation at edges of boreal forests and compared edge influence among edge types (fire, cut, lake/wetland; old vs. young), forest types (broadleaf vs. coniferous) and geographic regions. Our objectives were to quantify vegetation responses at edges of all types and to compare the strength and extent of edge influence among different types of edges and forests. 3. Research was conducted using the same general sampling design in Alberta, Ontario and Quebec in Canada, and in Sweden and Finland. We conducted a meta-analysis for a variety of response variables including forest structure, deadwood abundance, regeneration, understorey abundance and diversity, and nonvascular plant cover. We also determined the magnitude and distance of edge influence using randomization tests. 4. Some edge responses (lower tree basal area, tree canopy and bryophyte cover; more logs; higher regeneration) were significant overall across studies. Edge influence on ground vegetation in boreal forests was generally weak, not very extensive (distance of edge influence usually < 20 m) and decreased with time. We found more extensive edge influence at natural edges, at younger edges and in broadleaf forests. The comparison among regions revealed weaker edge influence in Fennoscandian forests. 5. Synthesis. Edges created by forest harvesting do not appear to have as strong, extensive or persistent influence on vegetation in boreal as in tropical or temperate forested ecosystems. We attribute this apparent resistance to shorter canopy heights, inherent heterogeneity in boreal forests and their adaptation to frequent natural disturbance. Nevertheless, notable differences between forest structure responses to natural (fire) and anthropogenic (cut) edges raise concerns about biodiversity implications of extensive creation of anthropogenic edges. By highlighting universal responses to edge influence in boreal forests that are significant irrespective of edge or forest type, and those which vary by edge type, we provide a context for the conservation of boreal forests.
Data from: Edge influence on vegetation at natural and anthropogenic edges of boreal forests in Canada and Fennoscandia
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Data from: Matrix composition and patch edges influence plant-herbivore interactions in marine landscapes
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Data from: Divergent effects of forest edges on host distribution and seed disperser activity influence mistletoe distribution and recruitment
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