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116 results for “environmental risk”
Inter-Chemical Correlation results for the study: HHEARx2017-1945 (Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES))
Title: Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) <br>Species: Homo sapiens <br>Number of samples: 421 <br>Number of named analytes: 21 <br>Datasource url: https://hheardatacenter.mssm.edu/PublicFile/ViewPublicFile?projectid=32 <br>
Inter-Chemical Correlation results for the study: HHEARx2016-1432 (Micronutrient deficiencies, environmental exposures and severe malaria: Risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in Ugandan children)
Title: Micronutrient deficiencies, environmental exposures and severe malaria: Risk factors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in Ugandan children <br>Species: Homo sapiens <br>Number of samples: 1256 <br>Number of named analytes: 51 <br>Datasource url: https://hheardatacenter.mssm.edu/PublicFile/ViewPublicFile?projectid=5 <br>
Exposure to pesticides data for residents and bystanders, and for environmental risk assessment
<p>In 2014, EFSA has commissioned a study to review and evaluate all published data related to the exposure to pesticides for residents and bystanders and for environmental risk assessment. The aim was to conduct a literature review and to produce a database containing all published data (predominately peer-reviewed publications supplemented by grey-literature) for the last 25-years, which will support the non-dietary exposure assessment to pesticides for bystanders and residents, as well as daily air concentration (vapours and aerosols) of pesticides, drift values from spray, seed and granular applications, and dislodgeable foliar residues.</p> <p>The data has been collated via a systematic and extensive literature review defined and managed according to a pre-defined 'review protocol'. The data was also exported in a format that meets the requirements of the EFSA Data Collection Framework (DCF).</p> <p>Based on quality and relevance criteria, articles and related studies have been selected. For dislodgeable foliar residues the assessment includes 27 articles (containing 49 discrete studies); for air concentrations, 26 articles (containing 84 discrete studies); for resident and bystander exposure, 5 articles (containing 8 discrete studies); and for drift values 55 articles (containing 275 discrete studies). </p> <p>For dislodgeable foliar residues the data retained covered 17 crops (including grass, glasshouse crops, lucerne, and citrus) and 29 pesticides; for air concentrations the data retained covered 21 crops (including fruit, glasshouse crops, ornamentals, grass, vegetables and cereals) and 39 pesticides. For drift values, the data covers a range of crops and landscapes from cereals, grass and turf, orchards, vineyards and regenerated forestry. The vast majority of the data retrieved applies to field studies for liquid spray drift, measured either as ground deposits or collected at various heights and were conducted using fluorescent tracers rather than pesticides. No data was found for microbials (biopesticides). For resident and bystander exposure, many articles were rejected due to the applied inclusion/exclusion criteria.</p>
Supplemental data for "Inequitable spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution of multiple environmental risks and benefits in Metro Vancouver"
<p><strong>DemoEnPoC2016.csv/DemoEnPoC2006.csv:</strong></p> <p>This is a table including environmental and demographic (Census variables) data at postal code level for Metro Vancouver in the year 2006 and 2016. The environmental data (SO2 metrics, PM2.5 metrics, Calculated ozone metrics, NO2 data, NDVI metrics, and Canadian Active Living Environments Index (Can-ALE) indexed to DMTI Spatial Inc. postal codes) were extracted from CANUE (Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium). The demographic data is extracted from Canadian Census analyzer (https://datacentre.chass.utoronto.ca/), the deprivation index is downloaded from from the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ). </p> <p><strong>DGRwithLable:</strong></p> <p>This is the Dissemination Geographies Relationship File for the 2021 census year (Statistics Canada, 2021) with the lable of urban or rural, indicating which dissemination area (DA) is identified as urban and included in this study. The urban area is named as population certer. </p> <p><strong>Aggregation and SS Determination:</strong></p> <p>This script contains code for:</p> <ul> <li>Aggregating postal code level data to the Dissemination Area (DA) level.</li> <li>Eliminating rural DAs.</li> <li>Converting environmental data into ordinal categories using quartile and even break methods.</li> <li>Identifying sweet and sour spots for each DA based on these methods.</li> </ul> <p><strong>SSEJ Analysis:</strong></p> <p>This script includes code for:</p> <ul> <li>Creating violin and box plots to illustrate descriptive statistics of demographic groups across different environmental categories (sweet, sour, risky, and medium).</li> <li>Performing linear regression analyses between environmental categories and demographic variables.</li> </ul> <p><strong>SS Heatmap:</strong></p> <p>This script comprises code for:</p> <ul> <li>Summarizing the results of the linear regression analyses.</li> <li>Assessing changes in inequities among demographic groups between 2006 and 2016.</li> <li>Visualizing regression coefficients through heatmaps.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Sources of Environmental risks from artificial nighttime lighting widespread and increasing across Europe
<p>Sources of the article Environmental risks from artificial nighttime lighting widespread and<br> increasing across Europe. Calibrated ISS images using Sánchez de Miguel, A., Zamorano, J., Aubé, M., Bennie, J., Gallego, J., Ocaña, F., ... & Gaston, K. J. (2021). Colour remote sensing of the impact of artificial light at night (II): Calibration of DSLR-based images from the International Space Station. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>, <em>264</em>, 112611.</p>
Detecting small environmental differences: Risk-response curves for predator-induced behavior and morphology. 2008.
Most organisms possess traits that are sensitive to changes in the environment (i.e. plastic traits) which results in the expression of environmentally-induced polymorphisms. While most phenotypically plastic traits have traditionally been treated as threshold switches between induced and uninduced states, there is growing evidence that many traits can respond in a continuous fashion. In this experiment we exposed larval anurans (wood frog tadpoles, Rana sylvatica) to an increasing gradient of predation risk to determine how organisms respond to small environmental changes. We manipulated predation risk in two ways: by altering the amount of prey consumed by a constant number of predators (Dytiscus sp.) and by altering the number of predators that consume a constant amount of prey. We then quantified the expression of predator-induced behavior, morphology, and mass to determine the level of risk that induced each trait, the level of risk that induced the maximal phenotypic response for each trait, whether the different traits exhibited a plateauing response, and whether increasing risk via increasing predator number or via increasing prey consumption induced similar phenotypic changes. We found that all of the traits exhibited fine-tuned, graded responses and most of them exhibited a plateauing response with increased predation risk, suggesting either a limit to plasticity or the reflection of high costs of the defensive phenotype. For many traits, a large proportion of the maximum induction occurred at low levels of risk, suggesting that the chemical cues of predation are effective at extremely low concentrations. In contrast to earlier work, we found that behavioral and morphological responses to increased predator number were simply a response to increased total prey consumption. These results have important implications for models of plasticity evolution, models of optimal phenotypic design, expectations for how organisms respond to fine-grained changes (i.e. wi
Environmental stochasticity increases extinction risk to a greater degree in pollination specialists than in generalists
<p>Pollination sustains terrestrial food webs and agricultural systems and links the dynamics of interacting plant and pollinator species. Although environmental stochasticity is ubiquitous and can propagate through communities via species interactions in a way that increases extinction risk, it is unknown whether stochasticity affects species uniformly across pollination networks. In this paper, we introduce a stochastic dynamic model that makes novel use of the birth function and apply it to pollination networks of increasing size. We start with two- and four-species networks, in order to first illustrate the effects of stochasticity per se and then how those effects combine with specialization. We then describe the relationship between partner number and stochastic extinction risk in empirical networks with >20 species. In the 2-species network, increasing the variance of the stochastic term of the model increased the size of the region in parameter space where extinctions occur. In networks with 4 or more species, specialists were more vulnerable to extinction than generalists over a broad range of variances. Extinction risk in networks with >20 species declined nonlinearly with increasing mutualist partner number. Our results demonstrate the importance of including species interactions and stochasticity when using population-dynamic models to compare species' extinction risk. While models that omit either of these factors are likely to underestimate extinction risk, they disproportionately underestimate the vulnerability of specialists.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 2: (Left) Maximum clade credibility tree depicting the phylogenetic position of Pristimantis penelopus within the P. ridens series. Numbers on nodes indicate posterior probabilities. Numbers below nodes represent nodal support using the ultrafast bootstrap (see methods). Asterisks indicate nodal support above 95% in both Bayesian and ML methods. (Right) Haplotype network based on 460 bp of the COI region. Numbers of mutational steps are shown on the lines connecting haplotypes. Colors refer to geographic locations shown in Figure 1.
FIGURE 4 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 4: Potential distribution of Pristimantis penelopus based on ecological niche modeling (red). Yellow dots represents occurrence localities used to calibrate the model. See main text for details.
FIGURE 1 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 1: Geographic sampling of Pristimantis penelopus. Colored circles indicate sequenced specimens. Different colors represent the populations used in the genetic analysis (see Figure 2 for color codes).
FIGURE 3 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)
FIGURE 3: Phenotypic variation of Pristimantis penelopus across its distribution. Localitites are shown in Appendix 1.
Figure 7 in Concurrent Field Experiments and Satellite Surveys for Assessing Environmental Risk in the Coastal Zone of Southeast Baltic
Figure 7.Turbidity in the upper layer (left) and CHL-a concentration surface distribution (right) in the area of the Vistula Lagoon outflow on August 01, 2019.
Figure 4 in Concurrent Field Experiments and Satellite Surveys for Assessing Environmental Risk in the Coastal Zone of Southeast Baltic
Figure 4. Example of high water turbidity manifestation in a true color image. Fragment of Sentinel-2A MSI of 16.08.2018 in the area of underwater pipeline construction. Arrow indicates the offshore gas receiving terminal.
Figure 6 in Concurrent Field Experiments and Satellite Surveys for Assessing Environmental Risk in the Coastal Zone of Southeast Baltic
Figure 6. Manifestation of Vistula Lagoon outflow via the Baltiysk Canal in a true color composite image of Terra MODIS of July 31, 2019 (left); CTD-station locations during field work on August 01, 2019 (right).
Fig. 2 in Predicting the risk of Alaria alata infestation in wild boar on the basis of environmental factors
Fig. 2. The prevalence of A. alata in wild boar in provinces in Poland calculated from literature values and data from the present study (A) and predicted by percentage of areas covered by WETLANDS (B) (for detailed information, see: Methods). The figure shows prevalence values for a given province and confidence intervals (lower; upper).
Form-specific prospective environmental risk assessment of graphene-based materials in European Freshwaters
<p>This dataset is related to the following publication:</p> <p>Title: Form-specific prospective environmental risk assessment fo graphene-based materials in European freshwaters</p> <p>Authors: Hyunjoo Hong, Bernd Nowack </p> <p>The files contain input files and final codes of the fs-MFA and fs-PSSD models.</p>
Combined impacts of environmental and socioeconomic covariates on HFMD risk in China
<p>Supplement to "Combined impacts of environmental and socioeconomic covariates on HFMD risk in China"</p>
Environmental stochasticity increases extinction risk to a greater degree in pollination specialists than in generalists
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Code for individual-based simulations in "Environmental fluctuations can promote evolutionary rescue in high-extinction-risk scenarios"
<p>Substantial environmental change can force a population onto a path towards extinction, but under some conditions, adaptation by natural selection can rescue the population and allow it to persist. This process, known as evolutionary rescue, is believed to be less likely to occur with greater magnitudes of random environmental fluctuations because environmental variation decreases expected population size, increases variance in population size, and increases evolutionary lag. However, previous studies of evolutionary rescue in fluctuating environments have only considered scenarios in which evolutionary rescue was likely to occur. We extend these studies to assess how baseline extinction risk (which we manipulated via changes in the initial population size, degree of environmental change, or mutation rate) influences the effects of environmental variation on evolutionary rescue following an abrupt environmental change. Using a combination of analytical models and stochastic simulations, we show that autocorrelated environmental variation hinders evolutionary rescue in low-extinction-risk scenarios but facilitates rescue in high-risk scenarios. In these high-risk cases, the chance of a run of good years counteracts the otherwise negative effects of environmental variation on evolutionary demography. These findings can inform the development of effective conservation practices that consider evolutionary responses to abrupt environmental changes.</p>
Environmentally associated variation in dispersal distance affects inbreeding risk in a stream salamander
<p>Avoiding inbreeding is considered a key driver of dispersal evolution, and dispersal distances should be especially important in mediating inbreeding risk because the likelihood of mating with relatives decreases with dispersal distance. However, a lack of direct data on dispersal distances has limited empirical tests of this prediction, particularly in the context of the multiple selective forces that can influence dispersal. Using a headwater salamander system, we tested whether spatial variation in environmental conditions leads to differences in dispersal distances, resulting in spatial variation in the effect of dispersal on inbreeding risk. Using capture-recapture and population genomic data from 5 streams, we found that dispersal distances were greater in downstream reaches than upstream reaches. Inbreeding risk was lower for dispersers than non-dispersers in downstream reaches, but not in upstream reaches. Furthermore, stream reaches did not differ in spatial patterns of individual relatedness, indicating that variation in inbreeding risk was in fact due to differences in dispersal distances. These results demonstrate that environmentally associated variation in dispersal distances can cause the inbreeding consequences of dispersal to vary at fine spatial scales. They also show that selective pressures other than inbreeding avoidance maintain phenotypic variation in dispersal, underscoring the importance of addressing alternative hypotheses in dispersal research.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.