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48 results for “environmental stressors”
Inter-Chemical Correlation results for the study: HHEARx2017-1945 (Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES))
Title: Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) <br>Species: Homo sapiens <br>Number of samples: 421 <br>Number of named analytes: 21 <br>Datasource url: https://hheardatacenter.mssm.edu/PublicFile/ViewPublicFile?projectid=32 <br>
Sampling sites where ecological indices were used to assess the impact of different environmental stressors in aquatic environments in Argentina
Dataset is a compilation of all sampling sites of articles where ecological indices were used to assess the impact of different environmental stressors in aquatic environments from Argentina. Points of this dataset were extracted from 78 papers published between 1996 and 2018. We selected articles that use ecological indices to analyze some local environmental problematics or stressors. Using the type of index from each article we performed the kml file, which contained the categorized sampling sites by different symbols according to the ecological index: physico-chemical, biological, geomorphological and multimetric. We carried out a map (shapefile) with all the sampling sites referenced to the ecoregions of Argentina proposed by Burkart (1999).
Data and R-scripts from: Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions
<p>This contains data and R-scripts used in: </p> <ul> <li>Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen and Jan Ove Bustnes (2022). Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions. Journal of Avian Biology.</li> </ul> <p>This study assessed the population viability of a population of the lesser black-backed gull (<em>Larus fuscus fuscus</em>) using data collected during 2005-2020 from a nature reserve in Northern Norway. The study merged results from statistical analyses of empirical data with a Leslie model. Here, we provide the underlying data, and the R-scripts used to analyse the data and run the model. The data set include information about reproduction at several stages (laying, hatching and fledgling), nest predation, and individual capture histories (used to estimate apparent survival; see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02953">Bårdsen and Bustnes 2022</a>).</p>
Data and R-scripts from: Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions
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Data from: When environmental factors become stressors: interactive effects of vermetid gastropods and sedimentation on corals
Environmental stressors often interact, but most studies of multiple stressors have focused on combinations of abiotic stressors. Here we examined the potential interaction between a biotic stressor, the vermetid snail Ceraesignum maximum, and an abiotic stressor, high sedimentation, on the growth of reef-building corals. In a field experiment, we subjected juvenile massive Porites corals to four treatments: (i) neither stressor, (ii) sedimentation, (iii) vermetids or (iv) both stressors. Unexpectedly, we found no effect of either stressor in isolation, but a significant decrease in coral growth in the presence of both stressors. Additionally, seven times more sediment remained on corals in the presence (versus absence) of vermetids, likely owing to adhesion of sediments to corals via vermetid mucus. Thus, vermetid snails and high sedimentation can interact to drive deleterious effects on reef-building corals. More generally, our study illustrates that environmental factors can combine to have negative interactive effects even when individual effects are not detectable. Such 'ecological surprises' may be easily overlooked, leading to environmental degradation that cannot be anticipated through the study of isolated factors.
Data from: Genetic responsiveness of African buffalo to environmental stressors: a role for epigenetics in balancing autosomal and sex chromosome interactions?
In the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) population of the Kruger National Park (South Africa) a primary sex-ratio distorter and a primary sex-ratio suppressor have been shown to occur on the Y chromosome. A subsequent autosomal microsatellite study indicated that two types of deleterious alleles with a negative effect on male body condition, but a positive effect on relative fitness when averaged across sexes and generations, occur genome-wide and at high frequencies in the same population. One type negatively affects body condition of both sexes, while the other acts antagonistically: it negatively affects male but positively affects female body condition. Here we show that high frequencies of male-deleterious alleles are attributable to Y-chromosomal distorter-suppressor pair activity and that these alleles are suppressed in individuals born after three dry pre-birth years, likely through epigenetic modification. Epigenetic suppression was indicated by statistical interactions between pre-birth rainfall, a proxy for parental body condition, and the phenotypic effect of homozygosity/heterozygosity status of microsatellites linked to male-deleterious alleles, while a role for the Y-chromosomal distorter-suppressor pair was indicated by between-sex genetic differences among pre-dispersal calves. We argue that suppression of male-deleterious alleles results in negative frequency-dependent selection of the Y distorter and suppressor; a prerequisite for a stable polymorphism of the Y distorter-suppressor pair. The Y distorter seems to be responsible for positive selection of male-deleterious alleles during resource-rich periods and the Y suppressor for positive selection of these alleles during resource-poor periods. Male-deleterious alleles were also associated with susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis, indicating that Kruger buffalo are sensitive to stressors such as diseases and droughts. We anticipate that future genetic studies on African buffalo will provide important new insights into gene fitness and epigenetic modification in the context of sex-ratio distortion and infectious disease dynamics.
Life-history traits modulate the influence of environmental stressors on biodiversity: the case of fireflies, climate, and artificial light at night
Aim Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an unprecedented stressor recently introduced in the abiotic milieu of natural landscapes. As such, understanding how ALAN and other natural stressors act in concert to shape the spatial distribution of biodiversity is a core goal in conservation ecology. Here, we aim at understanding how ALAN and climate interact with life-history traits and courtship signalling systems to dictate the composition of firefly communities in a global biodiversity hotspot. Location An extensive elevational gradient in the Atlantic Rainforest (Brazil) currently known as the hottest hotspot of fireflies on Earth. Methods We used multivariate species distribution models to understand how species traits and courtship signalling systems interact with climate and ALAN to determine species abundances within firefly communities. We also investigated how species-specific responses to climate and ALAN scale up to determine compositional changes in firefly communities along the elevational gradient. Results We found that climate shapes communities by filtering species according to their body size and trophic position. ALAN dictates the dominant courtship signalling system within communities by affecting the abundance of species that use bioluminescence or a combination of bioluminescence and pheromones in courtship. We also found that associations between beta-diversity and ALAN were non-stationary, being higher in regions under low levels of light pollution. This suggests that even incipient increases in ALAN within protected areas can yield fast changes in the composition of firefly communities. Main Conclusions Firefly responses to climate and ALAN are modulated by traits associated with different facets of their life histories. Given the alarming changes in both stressors predicted for the foreseeable future, our findings indicate that firefly communities are vulnerable to compositional changes even within protected areas. --
Data from: Carry-over effects of environmental stressors influence the life performance of brown trout
<p>Here, we focused on the carry-over effects of excessive sedimentation on the early life stages of brown trout in a multiphase experiment. First, we experimentally tested the influence of fine sediments (organic matter (OM) and inorganic sand, both <2.0 mm in diameter) on the metabolic rate (MO<sub>2</sub>), size, emergence, escape responses and survival of the relevant brown trout embryonic stage (egg, alevin or fry) in indoor experimental channels. Second, we mimicked the movements of parr to a more suitable habitat if available in natural rivers and transported parr to either their original or different treatments in outdoor experimental channels and remeasured their metabolic rate and size. </p>
Data for: Sigma-B responses of Bacillus subtilis exposed to different environmental stressors and containing different single RsbR proteins or hybrid fusions of RsbRs
<p>Bacteria use a variety of systems to sense stress and mount an appropriate response to assure fitness and survival. <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> uses stressosomes—cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes—to sense environmental stressors and enact the general stress response by activating the alternative sigma factor σ<sup>B</sup>. Each stressosome includes 40 RsbR proteins, representing four paralogous (RsbRA, RsbRB, RsbRC, and RsbRD) putative stress sensors. Population-level analyses suggested that the RsbR paralogs are largely redundant, while our prior work using microfluidics-coupled fluorescence microscopy uncovered differences among the RsbR paralogs' σ<sup>B</sup> response profiles with respect to timing and intensity when facing an identical stressor.</p> <p>We used microfluidics and fluorescence microscopy to address the question of whether the σ<sup>B</sup> responses mediated by each paralog differ in the presence of different environmental stressors: can they distinguish among stressors? Wild-type cells (with all four paralogs) and RsbRA-only cells activate σ<sup>B</sup> with characteristic transient response timing irrespective of stressor but show varying response magnitude. However, cells with other individual RsbR paralogs show distinct timing and magnitude in their responses to ethanol, salt, oxidative and acid stress, implying that RsbR proteins can distinguish among stressors. To show this distinct timing, we quantified time-lapse image series of cells with a fluorescent σ<sup>B</sup> transcriptional reporter. Representative videos of time-lapse image series and the results of our quantitation for each RsbR paralog in each stress condition are included in this dataset.</p> <p>We also probed the relative importance of each half of each RsbR paralog. Experiments with hybrid fusion proteins comprising the N-terminal half of one paralog and the C-terminal half of another argued that the N-terminal identity influences response magnitude and that determinants in both halves of RsbRA are important for its stereotypical transient σ<sup>B</sup> response timing. Time-lapse videos for each hybrid fusion protein and the corresponding quantification of these data are also included in the dataset.</p>
Cognitive scores of bees exposed to various environmental stressors
<p><span>Environmental stressors have sublethal consequences on animals, often affecting the mean of phenotypic traits in populations. However, effects on inter-individual variability are poorly understood. Since phenotypic variability is the basis for adaptation, any change due to stressors may have important implications for population resilience. </span></p> <p><span>Here we explored this possibility in bees by analysing raw datasets from 23 studies (5,618 bees) in which individuals were first exposed to stressors and then tested for cognitive tasks.</span></p> <p><span>While all types of stressors decreased the mean cognitive performance of bees, they increased cognitive variability. Focusing on 14 pesticide studies, we found that the mode of exposure to stressors and the dose were critical. <a>Mean</a></span> <span>cognitive performance was more affected by a chronic exposure than by an acute exposure. Yet, cognitive variability increased with increasing doses following both exposure durations.</span></p> <p><span>Policy implications: Current guidelines for the authorization of plant protection products on the European market prioritize acute over chronic toxicity assessments on non-target organisms. By overlooking the consequences of a chronic exposure, regulatory authorities may register new products or doses that are harmful to bee populations. </span><span>Our findings call for more research on stress-induced phenotypic variation and its incorporation to policy guidelines to help identify levels and modes of exposure animals can cope with.</span></p>
Data for: Sigma-B responses of Bacillus subtilis exposed to different environmental stressors and containing different single RsbR proteins or hybrid fusions of RsbRs
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Cognitive scores of bees exposed to various environmental stressors
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Life-history traits modulate the influence of environmental stressors on biodiversity: the case of fireflies, climate, and artificial light at night
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Data from: When environmental factors become stressors: interactive effects of vermetid gastropods and sedimentation on corals
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Data from: Genetic responsiveness of African buffalo to environmental stressors: a role for epigenetics in balancing autosomal and sex chromosome interactions?
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Supplementary material 6 from: Zizka VMA, Weiss M, Leese F (2020) Can metabarcoding resolve intraspecific genetic diversity changes to environmental stressors? A test case using river macrozoobenthos. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e51925. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.51925
Figure S6. Average nucleotide diversity for all four datasets of shared OTUs seperated according to sample sites and EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and PR ('Pollution Resistant') taxa
Supplementary material 5 from: Zizka VMA, Weiss M, Leese F (2020) Can metabarcoding resolve intraspecific genetic diversity changes to environmental stressors? A test case using river macrozoobenthos. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e51925. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.51925
Figure S5. Average haplotype diversity for all four datasets of shared OTUs seperated according to sample sites and EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and PR ('Pollution Resistant') taxa
Supplementary material 7 from: Zizka VMA, Weiss M, Leese F (2020) Can metabarcoding resolve intraspecific genetic diversity changes to environmental stressors? A test case using river macrozoobenthos. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e51925. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.51925
Figure S7 – part 1. Haplotype network of the two most frequent EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and PR ('Pollution Resistant') taxa
Supplementary material 4 from: Zizka VMA, Weiss M, Leese F (2020) Can metabarcoding resolve intraspecific genetic diversity changes to environmental stressors? A test case using river macrozoobenthos. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e51925. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.51925
Figure S4. Average haplotype number per OTU for the four different datasets of shared OTUs. Datasets are split into EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and PR ('Pollution Resistant') taxa
Supplementary material 3 from: Zizka VMA, Weiss M, Leese F (2020) Can metabarcoding resolve intraspecific genetic diversity changes to environmental stressors? A test case using river macrozoobenthos. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 4: e51925. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.4.51925
Figure S3. Average haplotype number per OTU for the four different datasets of shared OTUs. Values are illustrated for all sample sites including all shared OTUs
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.