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20 results for “epiphylls”
FIG. 1 in Epiphyllous bryophyte diversity in lowland rain forest and lowland cloud forest of French Guiana
FIG. 1. ― Species accumulation curves and estimated total number of species (*) of epiphyllous bryophytes in the understory of lowland cloud forest (LCF) and lowland rain forest (LRF) at Nouragues, French Guiana.
[SUPPLEMENTARY FILES] DIVERSITY PATTERNS AND KNOWLEDGE GAPS OF ATLANTIC FOREST EPIPHYLLOUS BRYOPHYTES: A HIGHLY NEGLECTED GROUP
<p>Epiphyllous bryophytes are a group of plants with complex adaptations to colonize the leaves of vascular plants and are considered one of the most specialized and sensitive plants groups to environmental changes. Despite their specificity and ecological importance, these plants represent a largely neglected group in scientific research and ecological data. This limited information directly affects the understanding of diversity patterns and compromises the conservation of this group in fragmented ecossystems, such as the Atlantic Forest. </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Life on a leaf: the development of spatial structure in epiphyll communities
<p>1. The spatial structure of biotic communities can be shaped by niche-based or stochastic processes, and the importance of both can change through time. Niche-based processes include neighbour interactions, which can change in intensity and quality as communities develop in dependence of environmental conditions. Epiphylls, miniature communities of liverworts, lichens, algae and fungi on leaves, develop only in relatively moist forests, but their leaf-surface habitat is still characterised by moisture stress, especially in more exposed parts of the forest. As neighbours may alleviate moisture stress, we expected that in forest gaps (dryer, brighter) epiphyll communities would show more positive neighbour interactions, resulting in more clustered spatial patterns, than in closed forest, in accordance with the stress-gradient hypothesis.</p> <p>2. To understand how the processes shaping epiphyll communities change through time and differ between gaps and closed forest, we examined the fine-scale spatial structure within and between epiphyll functional groups (algae, fungi, lichens, liverworts) during 12 months on 60 leaves across twelve sites in a tropical rainforest in Panama. We analysed changes in spatial positions and spatial associations within and between functional groups using spatial point pattern analysis based on repeated photography.</p> <p>3. Epiphyll densities increased through time for most epiphyll functional groups. However, although epiphyll groups changed their positions through time, the general types of spatial patterns remained similar for most groups: only lichen patterns shifted from mostly random to mostly aggregated through time. We found only random and aggregated spatial patterns within groups, while among groups we additionally found segregated spatial associations, but no consistent temporal trend. Patterns did not differ between gaps and closed forest, thus not supporting the stress-gradient hypothesis.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results only weakly support the assumption that community-shaping processes change from neutral to niche-based as communities develop. We do provide empirical evidence that epiphyll communities are dynamic and exhibit different spatial association patterns within than among groups. This suggests different interactions and processes within than between groups. Experimental studies and monitoring of individual epiphyll patches are recommended to shed further light on what processes shape life on leaves.</p>
Ecological niches of epiphyllous bryophytes along afrotropical elevation gradient
<p><span>Understanding multiple environmental drivers governing tropical organisms' distribution and ecological niches is crucial for predicting their responses to ongoing rapid deforestation. While macroclimatic effects via energy and water availability are well predicted, less is known about locally modulating factors such as canopy structure, light and edaphic conditions. Here we show that minimum temperatures and ambient humidity drive the abundance and richness of leaf-inhabiting epiphyllous bryophytes across a 4-km elevation gradient on Mount Cameroon, West Africa, separating epiphyll-rich rainforests (0–2200 m) from epihyll-poor fire-driven afromontane savanna (2300</span><span>–</span><span>4000 m). However, local factors contribute more than half to the total abundance and richness variation, either directly (light) or indirectly (edaphic conditions) via their effects on host plant composition. The most abundant epiphyllous communities occur in vertically stratified upland rainforests between 600 and 1100 m elevation, where N-fixing tree legumes dominate. Their canopy is relatively sparse, due to nutrient-poor soils leached by high rainfall, leaving room for the development of diverse subcanopy tree and understory shrub and herb layers with epiphyll-rich communities. Vertically homogenous lowland rainforests on fertile soils below 500 m, with dense overstory and shaded and species-poor understory, have less developed epiphylls, as do seasonally dry montane forests between 2000 and 2300 m, or elephant fragmented forests between 1200 and 1600 m. We conclude that high temperature and humidity together with a vertically stratified canopy support epiphylls, whereas precipitation seasonality, disturbed vegetation with unstable microclimate, or dense, unstratified canopy discourage the development of epiphyllous communities. Our study illustrates that ecological niches of epiphyllous bryophytes are shaped by a complex interplay of multiple drivers, knowledge of which is essential for more realistic predictions of the impacts of current accelerated habitat loss on species distribution and diversity changes in the tropics.</span></p>
Life on a leaf: the development of spatial structure in epiphyll communities
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Ecological niches of epiphyllous bryophytes along afrotropical elevation gradient
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Data from: Monitoring the growth and habitat shifts of epiphyllous liverworts in subtropical forests of China
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Data from: Epiphyll specialization for leaf and forest successional stages in a tropical lowland rainforest
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Data from: Past distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China: the usability of historical data
Epiphyllous liverworts form a special group of bryophytes that primarily grow on the leaves of understory vascular plants in tropical and subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests. Being sensitive to moisture and temperature changes, epiphyllous liverworts are often consider to be good indicators of climate change and forest degradation. However, they are a poorly collected and taxonomically complicated group, with an only partly identified distribution pattern. In this study, we built four models based on 24 environmental variables at four different spatial resolutions (i.e., 1 km, 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km) to predict the past distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China, using Maxent model and 63 historical location records (i.e., presence-only data). Both area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) and true skill statistic (TSS) methods are used to assess the model performance. Results showed that the model with the predictors at a 15-km resolution achieved the highest predictive accuracy (AUC=0.946; TSS=0.880), although there was no statistically significant difference between the four models (p > 0.05). The most significant environmental variables included aridity, annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation of wettest quarter, precipitation of warmest quarter, annual mean NDVI, and minimum NDVI. The predicted suitable areas for epiphyllous liverworts were mainly located in the south of Yangtze River and seldom exceeds 35° N, which were consistent with the museum and herbarium records, as well as the historical records in scientific literatures. Our study further demonstrated the value of historical data to ecological and evolutionary studies.
Data from: Reproductive traits as predictors of assembly chronosequence patterns in epiphyllous bryophyte metacommunities
1) Understanding the mechanisms underlying species assembly is a central focus of plant ecology and is crucial to revealing how plant communities are structured. However, the temporal limitations of most terrestrial plant communities preclude collection of species assembly data in a tractable time-frame. 2) The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of dispersal potential, as estimated by inter-specific variation in sexual and asexual expression, as a predictor of patch chronosequence assembly for epiphyllous (leaf-inhabiting) bryophytes. Secondarily, we investigate whether spatio-temporal patterns in patch turnover and compositional variation infer evidence of local (within-patch) population processes. The frequency and distribution of 55 epiphyllous bryophytes across five leaf age classes were studied on an understory shrub Piper grande (Piperaceae) in pre-montane Panamanian tropical forest. Logistical models were used to test whether inter-specific variation in dispersal-related life history traits predicts assembly order. Beta diversity and ordination analyses were employed to examine nestedness versus turnover, and probe for repeatable patterns in patch chronosequence assembly, respectively. 3) Our results emphasize the importance of dispersal potential on species assembly patterns as earlier arrivals exhibit greater probabilities of sexual and specialized asexual expression. High turnover coupled with temporal convergence in species composition also point to evidence of within-patch biotic filtering. 4) Synthesis: Epiphylls are locally diverse in humid tropical forests worldwide; however, the mechanisms which maintain their high local diversity are unknown. This study suggests that inter-specific variation in dispersal capacity in combination with diffuse indirect effects are the principal contributors to the high alpha-diversity of these ephemeral metacommunities.
Fig. 3 in Inferring the accumulation of morphological disparity in epiphyllous liverworts
Fig. 3 Exploring morphospace occupation using the scatter-plot of the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on 12 morphological characters with component 1 plotted to x-axis and component 2 plotted to y-axis. Symbols and colors indicate different clades shown in Fig. 1: orange square AA, green circle AB, purple circle B, brown hexagon C, blue square D, red circle E, yellow circle F, black circle Cololejeunea angustiflora+C. magnilobula, light blue circles C. chinii+C. shimizui, green hexagon C. ceratilobula+ C. madothecoides+ C. raduliloba. Grey area Morphospace occupied by epiphytic/ epiphyllous species
Fig. 2 in Inferring the accumulation of morphological disparity in epiphyllous liverworts
Fig. 2 Scatter-plot contrasting genotypic variation plotted as patristic distance to the x-axis versus phenotypic variation plotted as morphological characters distance to the y-axis based on the 12 traits studied. The patristic distances were calculated using the combined pDNA+nrDNA dataset. Results are shown for four analyses. Morphological disparity is
Fig. 1 in Inferring the accumulation of morphological disparity in epiphyllous liverworts
Fig. 1 Majority consensus tree obtained from the results of Bayesian inference of phylogeny using the combined dataset with a partition of plastid (pDNA) and nuclear (nDNA) DNA. The consensus tree is generated based on the trees recovered in 9,000,000 generations that were assembled from the results of MrBayes analyses with the exclusions of the burn-in phase determined as 1,000,000 generations. Posterior values
FIGURE 1. Cololejeunea sublatistyla. A in A new epiphyllous species of Cololejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Marchantiophyta) from China
FIGURE 1. Cololejeunea sublatistyla. A. Portion of shoot with a gynoecium, ventral view, B. Apical marginal cells of leaf lobe showing hyaline marginal cells, C. Stem section, D, E. Leaves, F, N. Androecia, ventral view, G. Portion of shoot, ventral view, H. Male bract, I. Gynoecium, ventral view, J. Portion of shoot showing a gynoecial innovation, ventral view, K. Apex of leaf lobule showing 2 lobule teeth, L. Perianth, ventral view, M. Female bract, O. Base of leaf lobule and portion of stem showing a stylus, ventral view, P. Stylus, Q. Median cells of leaf lobe, R. Apex of female bract lobule. All from Ling-Yan Zhou 0323085.
Data from: Past distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China: the usability of historical data
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Data from: Reproductive traits as predictors of assembly chronosequence patterns in epiphyllous bryophyte metacommunities
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Figure 4 from: Pócs T, Lee GE, Podani J, Pesiu E, Havasi J, Tang HY, Mustapeng AMA, Suleiman M (2020) A study of community structure and beta diversity of epiphyllous liverwort assemblages in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. PhytoKeys 153: 63-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.53637
Figure 4 Ternary (or simplex) plot for the epiphyllous liverwort assemblages based on presence-absence data for three rainforest sites in Sabah A all sites taken together B mossy cloud (elfin) forest, Mt. Alab C lowland rainforest, Ulu Senagang D lower montane rainforest, Mt. Silam.
Figure 3 from: Pócs T, Lee GE, Podani J, Pesiu E, Havasi J, Tang HY, Mustapeng AMA, Suleiman M (2020) A study of community structure and beta diversity of epiphyllous liverwort assemblages in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. PhytoKeys 153: 63-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.53637
Figure 3 The Principal Components ordination biplot of the three groups of epiphyllous assemblages, each containing 50 leaves. Numbers identify forest sites 1 mossy cloud (elfin) forest, Mt. Alab (Table 4) 2 lowland rainforest, Ulu Senagang (Table 2) 3 lower montane rainforest, Mt. Silam (Table 3).
Figure 2 from: Pócs T, Lee GE, Podani J, Pesiu E, Havasi J, Tang HY, Mustapeng AMA, Suleiman M (2020) A study of community structure and beta diversity of epiphyllous liverwort assemblages in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. PhytoKeys 153: 63-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.53637
Figure 2 Leaf area (in cm2, x axis) – number of epiphyll liverwort species (y axis) relationship based on 150 leaves collected in three rainforest sites in Sabah.
Figure 1 from: Pócs T, Lee GE, Podani J, Pesiu E, Havasi J, Tang HY, Mustapeng AMA, Suleiman M (2020) A study of community structure and beta diversity of epiphyllous liverwort assemblages in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. PhytoKeys 153: 63-83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.53637
Figure 1 The three selected localities in the present study.
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