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34 results for “eyeless spider”
Data from: High stakes species delimitation in eyeless cave spiders (Cicurina, Dictynidae, Araneae) from central Texas
A remarkable radiation of completely eyeless, cave-obligate spider species (Cicurina) has been described from limestone caves of Texas. This radiation includes over 50 described species, with a large number of hypothesized single-cave endemics, and four species listed as US Federally Endangered. Because of this conservation importance, species delimitation in the group is "high stakes" - it is imperative that species hypotheses are data-rich, objective, and robust. This paper focuses on a complex of four cave-dwelling Cicurina distributed on the northwestern edge of Austin, Texas. Several of the existing species hypotheses in this complex are weak, based on morphological comparisons of small samples of adult female specimens; one species description (for C. wartoni) is based on a single adult specimen. Species limits in this group were newly assessed using morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear DNA sequence data evidence, analyzed using a variety of approaches. All data support a clear lineage separation between C. buwata versus the C. travisae complex (including C. travisae, C. wartoni, and C. reddelli). Observed congruence across multiple analyses indicate that the C. travisae complex represents a single species, and the formal species synonymy presented here has important conservation implications. The integrative framework utilized in this study serves as a potential model for other Texas cave Cicurina, including US Federally Endangered species. More generally, this study illustrates how and why taxon-focused conservation efforts must prioritize modern species delimitation research (if the existing taxonomy is weak), before devoting precious downstream resources to conservation efforts. The study also highlights the issue of taxonomic type II error that diversity biologists increasingly face as species delimitation moves into the genomics era.
FIGURES 51–65. Sinopoda spp. holotype females, copulatory organ. 51–54 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 51–65. Sinopoda spp. holotype females, copulatory organ. 51–54 Sinopoda guap spec. nov. from Tham Nam Non, Khammuan;. 55–60 Sinopoda soong spec. nov. from Tham Pha Yot, Khammuan;. 60-65 Sinopoda scurion spec. nov. from foot cave close to Thakek, Khammuan. (51, 55, 61 epigyne, ventral; 52, 58, 62 vulva, dorsal [58 with membranous sac expanded]; 53, 60, 63, 65 schematic course of internal duct system; 54, 64 right half of internal duct system, lateral; 56 epigyne, frontal; 57 epigyne, lateral; 59 vulva, frontal).
FIGURES 36–45. Sinopoda spp. females, habitus. 36–38 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 36–45. Sinopoda spp. females, habitus. 36–38 Sinopoda sitkao spec. nov. holotype from Tham Doun Mai, Luang Prabang; 39–40 Sinopoda taa spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ngiene, Luang Prabang; 41–42 Sinopoda peet spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ma Liong, Huaphan; 43–46 Sinopoda suang spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ho Neung, Huaphan.
FIGURES 24–35. Sinopoda spp. females, copulatory organ. 24–26 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 24–35. Sinopoda spp. females, copulatory organ. 24–26 Sinopoda sitkao spec. nov. holotype from Tham Doun Mai, Luang Prabang; 27–29 Sinopoda taa spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ngiene, Luang Prabang; 30–32 Sinopoda suang spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ho Neung, Huaphan; 33–35 Sinopoda peet spec. nov. holotype from Tham Ma Liong, Huaphan (24, 27, 30, 33 epigyne, ventral; 25, 28, 31, 34 vulva, dorsal; 26, 29, 32, 35 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal). AP—anterior part of internal duct system, LF—lateral furrow.
FIGURES 18–23 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 18–23. Sinopoda tham spec. nov., females from Oudomxai, copulatory organ (18, 22 epigyne, ventral; 19–20, 23 Vulva, dorsal; 21 schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal). See text for explanation. LF—lateral furrow, MSe—membranous sac expanded, MSu—membranous sac unexpanded, SS—slit sensillum.
FIGURES 14–17 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 14–17. Sinopoda tham spec. nov., holotype male from Chom Ong cave system, Oudomxai, left male palp (14 prolateral, 15 ventral, 16 retrolateral, 17 tip of embolus, proximo-prolateral). C—conductor, E—embolus, dRTA—dorsal branch of RTA, SD—sperm duct, TS—transparent seam of distal embolus, vRTA – ventral branch of RTA.
FIGURES 1–3 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 1–3. Sinopoda steineri spec. nov., holotype female from Ban Nam Eng, Luang Nam Tha, copulatory organ. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, dorsal; 3 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal. EP—epigynal pockets, GA—glandular appendage, LF—lateral furrow, LL—lateral lobes, LS – lobal septum, PP—posterior part of spermathecae.
FIGURES 76–80 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 76–80. Sinopoda scurion spec. nov. holotype female from foot cave close to Thakek, Khammuan. 76–77 Habitus of live specimen. 78–79 Prosoma, frontal. 80 Prosoma, ventral.
FIGURES 4–13 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 4–13. Sinopoda spp., habitus (4–11 preserved, 12–13 alive). 4–5 Sinopoda steineri spec. nov., holotype female from Ban Nam Eng, Luang Nam Tha; 6–13 Sinopoda tham spec. nov. from Oudomxai (6–7 holotype male from Chom Ong Cave System; 8–9 paratype female from Chom Ong cave system; 10–11 female from Tham Mokfek, 12–13 uncaught specimens from Chom Ong Cave systems). Photos 12–13 by H. Steiner.
FIGURES 66–75. Sinopoda soong spec. nov. holotype female from Tham Pha Yot, Khammuan. 66–71 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 66–75. Sinopoda soong spec. nov. holotype female from Tham Pha Yot, Khammuan. 66–71 Habitus (66–67, 69 dorsal, 68, 71 frontal, 70 ventral); 72 distal metatarsus IV, ventral, showing distal patch of bristles (white arrow) and double row of bristles (black arrow); 73 Prosoma, frontal, showing eye lenses of ALE (arrows); 74 Left chelicera, ventral; 75 Palpal claw.
FIGURES 46–50. Sinopoda guap spec. nov. holotype from Tham Nam Non, Khammuan. 46–48 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURES 46–50. Sinopoda guap spec. nov. holotype from Tham Nam Non, Khammuan. 46–48 Habitus (46 dorsal, 47 ventral, 48 frontal); 49 Prosoma, ventral, showing long setae; 50 Prosoma, frontal. Arrows pointing to lenses of ALE, PME and PLE.
FIGURES 11–15. Draconarius tortus. 11–13 in First description of the male of the eyeless spider Draconarius tortus Chen, Zhu & Kim 2008 from China (Araneae: Agelenidae: Coelotinae)
FIGURES 11–15. Draconarius tortus. 11–13 Left male palp (11 prolateral, 12 ventral, 13 retrolateral). 14 Epigyne, ventral. 15 Vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: A—atrium, C—conductor, CDA—conductor dorsal apophysis, CF—cymbial furrow, CL—conductor lamella, E—embolus, ET—epigynal teeth, FD—fertilization duct, LTA—lateral tibial apophysis, MA—median apophysis, PA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, S—spermathecae, SH—spermathecal head, TS—tegular sclerite. Scale bars: 11–13: 0.5 mm, 14–15: 0.2 mm.
Data from: Sequence capture phylogenomics of eyeless Cicurina spiders from Texas caves, with emphasis on US federally-endangered species from Bexar County (Araneae, Hahniidae)
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Data from: High stakes species delimitation in eyeless cave spiders (Cicurina, Dictynidae, Araneae) from central Texas
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 81 in Revision of the genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999 in Laos with discovery of the first eyeless huntsman spider species (Sparassidae: Heteropodinae)
FIGURE 81. Records of Sinopoda spp. in Laos.
Supplementary material 4 from: Hedin M, Derkarabetian S, Blair J, Paquin P (2018) Sequence capture phylogenomics of eyeless Cicurina spiders from Texas caves, with emphasis on US federally-endangered species from Bexar County (Araneae, Hahniidae). ZooKeys 769: 49-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.769.25814
Figure S4. Relationships within C. baronia + C. bullis_C. neovespera clade :
Supplementary material 5 from: Hedin M, Derkarabetian S, Blair J, Paquin P (2018) Sequence capture phylogenomics of eyeless Cicurina spiders from Texas caves, with emphasis on US federally-endangered species from Bexar County (Araneae, Hahniidae). ZooKeys 769: 49-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.769.25814
Table S1. Voucher and genetic information :
Supplementary material 3 from: Hedin M, Derkarabetian S, Blair J, Paquin P (2018) Sequence capture phylogenomics of eyeless Cicurina spiders from Texas caves, with emphasis on US federally-endangered species from Bexar County (Araneae, Hahniidae). ZooKeys 769: 49-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.769.25814
Figure S3. RAxML, 50% matrix :
Supplementary material 2 from: Hedin M, Derkarabetian S, Blair J, Paquin P (2018) Sequence capture phylogenomics of eyeless Cicurina spiders from Texas caves, with emphasis on US federally-endangered species from Bexar County (Araneae, Hahniidae). ZooKeys 769: 49-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.769.25814
Figure S2. ASTRAL, 50 & 70% matrices :
Supplementary material 1 from: Hedin M, Derkarabetian S, Blair J, Paquin P (2018) Sequence capture phylogenomics of eyeless Cicurina spiders from Texas caves, with emphasis on US federally-endangered species from Bexar County (Araneae, Hahniidae). ZooKeys 769: 49-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.769.25814
Figure S1. SVD Quartets, 50 & 70% matrices :
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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