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29 results for “face processing”
Figure 8. Machine faces, perceived as more figure-like(left) and less figure-like (right)-Gestalt Processing in Human-Robot Interaction: A Novel Account for Autism Research
<p>In an experimental study on visual perception, addressing directly Gestalt phenomena, a new<br> Gestalt cue for figure-ground assignment was introduced (Vechera et al., 2002). The foreground<br> versus the background organization is a strong determinant for decisions on objects seen among<br> image elements. A well-known set of perceptual cues that are often called Gestalt cues are the size<br> or area, the symmetry and the convexity vs. concavity judgments. It is generally assumed that<br> figures are ‘small, symmetrical and convex’. The authors asked the question whether these cues are<br> all that are necessary for a region of the image to be judged as a figure. The main result of this study<br> is that regions in the lower portion of a stimulus array appear more figure-like than regions in the<br> upper portion of the display.</p>
Figure 6. Noticeable subjective response to the distorted face to the right-Gestalt Processing in Human-Robot Interaction: A Novel Account for Autism Research
<p>Quite surprisingly, if the distortion is viewed in the normal upward position, it evokes strong<br> emotional response to the distorted face to the right in figure 6.</p>
Figure 5. The distortion is barely noticeable if the faces are viewed in the reversed position-Gestalt Processing in Human-Robot Interaction: A Novel Account for Autism Research
<p>According to the feature-based processing theories of human faces the main elements,<br> noticed and remembered in a face, are the eyes, the nose and the mouth (Thompson, 1980; Anstis,<br> 2005a). If, however, we distort some of the elements of a face, these should influence perception,regardless of the position of the image – upright or reversed – from the observer viewpoint. Figure 5<br> presents the reversed image of the face on the left and the reversed distorted face on the right. The<br> distortion was achieved by rotating the eyes of the image in the vertical direction.<br> Figure</p>
Figure 4. Main elements of a face, according to the feature-based processing theories-Gestalt Processing in Human-Robot Interaction: A Novel Account for Autism Research
<p>In 1980 Peter Thompson proposed a new experimental paradigm for investigation of<br> perception, called “face thatcherization” (also named “Thomson illusion”) (Thompson, 1980).<br> Imagine that the following face, depicted in figure 4, is a photo of the then UK Prime Minister<br> Margaret Thatcher.</p>
Figure 3. Robotic faces, similar to smiley emoticons-Gestalt Processing in Human-Robot Interaction: A Novel Account for Autism Research
<p>The smiley Gestalt is the result from a dynamic (evolved in time) cognitive process, it is<br> immediately given in cognition, memorable, emotionally rich and socially relevant and reflects the<br> special kind of Gestalt complexity as defined by Edwin Rausch (1988). Conventional representations<br> of holistic entities like smileys or novel robotic faces come to life because they capture essential<br> Gestalt qualities of the perceived image. For example, in figure 3 the robotic faces resemble the<br> smileys in terms of the evoked internal/emotional reactions.</p>
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size. in Description of new dinosaurian reptiles
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size.
Face processing in the infant brain after pandemic lockdown
<p>The role of visual experience in the development of face processing has long been debated. We present a new angle on this question through a serendipitous study that cannot easily be repeated. Infants viewed short blocks of faces during fMRI in a repetition suppression task. The same identity was presented multiple times in half of the blocks (Repeat condition) and different identities were presented once each in the other half (Novel condition). In adults, the fusiform face area (FFA) tends to show greater neural activity for Novel vs. Repeat blocks in such designs, suggesting that it can distinguish same vs. different face identities. As part of an ongoing study, we collected data before the COVID-19 pandemic and after an initial local lockdown was lifted. The resulting sample of 12 infants (9–24 months) was divided equally into pre-and post-lockdown groups with matching ages and data quantity/quality. The groups had strikingly different FFA responses: pre-lockdown infants showed repetition suppression (Novel > Repeat), whereas post-lockdown infants showed the opposite (Repeat > Novel), often referred to as repetition enhancement. These findings provide speculative evidence that altered visual experience during the lockdown, or other correlated environmental changes, may have affected face processing in the infant brain.</p>
Autism-like atypical face processing in Shank3 mutant dogs
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Face processing in the infant brain after pandemic lockdown
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Separable processes for live "in-person" and "zoom-like" faces
<p>Increased reliance on Zoom-like (webcam) platforms for interpersonal communications has raised the question of how this new virtual format compares to real face-to-face interactions. This question is also relevant to current models of face processing. Neural coding of simulated faces engages feature-selective processes in the ventral visual stream and two-person live face-to-face interactions engage additional face processes in the lateral and dorsal visual streams. However, it is not known if and/or how live in-person face processes differ from live virtual face processes because the faces and tasks are essentially the same. Current views of functional specificity predict no neural difference between the virtual and live conditions. Here we compare the same live faces viewed both over a video format and in person with measures of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), eye tracking, pupillometry, and electroencephalography (EEG). Neural activity was increased in dorsal regions for in-person face gaze and was increased in ventral regions for virtual face gaze. Longer dwell times on the face, increased arousal indexed by pupil diameter, increased neural oscillation power in the theta band, and increased cross-brain coherence were also observed for the in-person face condition. These findings highlight the fundamental importance of real faces and natural interactions for models of face processing.</p>
Raw data corresponding to Huestegge, S. M., Raettig, T., & Huestegge, L. (2019). "Are face-incongruent voices harder to process? Effects of face-voice gender incongruency on basic cognitive information processing." Journal: Experimental Psychology.
<p>Raw data file prior to subject-based aggregation. Variables and values are decribed within the file. For further reference and specifications please also refer to the original publication in the journal Experimental Psychology.</p>
Analysis of COMPASsion and Humanisation of Adolescents Facing the End-of-life Processes.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06310434. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Deep multimodal representations and classification of first-episode psychosis via live face processing
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Spatiotemporal processing of real faces is supported by dissociable visual-sensing-modulated neural circuitry
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Separable processes for live “in-person” and “zoom-like” faces
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Dataset from: Development of implicit and explicit attentional modulation of the processing of social cues conveyed by faces and bodies in children and adolescents
<p>Emotions and sex of other people shape the way we interact in the social environment. Indeed, the influence of these dimensions on cognitive processing is recognized as a highly conditional phenomenon. While much of the research on the topic focused on adults, less evidence is available for the pediatric population. The present study aimed at examining the development of the modulation of attention control on emotion and sex processing using facial and body expressions in children and adolescents (age range 8-16 years old). In Experiment 1a, participants performed a Flanker task (probing space-based attention) in which they had to indicate either the emotion (happy/fearful) or the sex of the target stimulus while ignoring the distracting stimuli at the side. We found evidence for intrusion of the sex, but not the emotion, of the stimuli during both sex and emotion recognition tasks, thus both at an explicit (i.e., task relevant) and implicit (i.e., task irrelevant) level. A control experiment consisting of an emotional Flanker task confirmed that, in contrast with previous findings in adults, emotion did not modulate attention control in children and adolescents even when task relevant (Experiment 1b). In Experiment 2 participants performed a same-or-different judgment task (probing feature-based attention) in which they were asked to indicate whether the central stimulus matched the lateral for emotion or sex. Results showed that emotional features exerted an implicit influence during sex judgements; likewise, sex features intruded on the processing of both faces and bodies during emotion judgments. Finally, Experiment 3 was conducted to explore the development of the explicit attention modulation exerted by the sex dimension on the processing of faces and bodies. To this aim, participants performed a Flanker task in which they were asked to recognize the sex of faces and bodies. The results indicated that, while younger participants showed a task-relevant influence of sexual features when processing faces, older participants showed such influence in processing bodies. These findings point to a greater attentional modulation exerted by sex, as compared to emotion, during social processing in children and adolescents and suggest a developmental trend of the saliency of facial and bodily cues for the perception of others’ sex.</p>
Comparison of Videoconference and Face-to-Face Delivery of Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00941629. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Awake fMRI reveals a specialized region in dog temporal cortex for face processing
Recent behavioral evidence suggests that dogs, like humans and monkeys, are capable of visual face recognition. But do dogs also exhibit specialized cortical face regions similar to humans and monkeys? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in six dogs trained to remain motionless during scanning without restraint or sedation, we found a region in the canine temporal lobe that responded significantly more to movies of human faces than to movies of everyday objects. Next, using a new stimulus set to investigate face selectivity in this predefined candidate dog face area, we found that this region responded similarly to images of human faces and dog faces, yet significantly more to both human and dog faces than to images of objects. Such face selectivity was not found in dog primary visual cortex. Taken together, these findings: (1) provide the first evidence for a face-selective region in the temporal cortex of dogs, which cannot be explained by simple low-level visual feature extraction; (2) reveal that neural machinery dedicated to face processing is not unique to primates; and (3) may help explain dogs' exquisite sensitivity to human social cues.
Data from: Orientation-invariance of individual differences in three face processing tasks
Numerous studies have reported impairments in perception and recognition, and, particularly, in part-integration of faces following picture-plane inversion. Whether these findings support the notion that inversion changes face processing qualitatively remains a topic of debate. To examine whether associations and dissociations of the human face processing ability depend on stimulus orientation, we measured face recognition with the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), along with experimental tests of face perception and selective attention to faces and non-face objects in a sample of 314 participants. Results showed strong inversion effects for all face-related tasks, and modest ones for non-face objects. Individual differences analysis revealed that the CFMT shared common variance with face perception and face-selective attention, however, independent of orientation. Regardless of whether predictor and criterion had same or different orientation, face recognition was best predicted by the same test battery. Principal component decomposition revealed a common factor for face recognition and face perception, a second common factor for face recognition and face-selective attention, and two unique factors. The patterns of factor loadings were nearly identical for upright and inverted presentation. These results indicate orientation-invariance of common variance in three domains of face processing. Since inversion impaired performance, but did not affect domain-related associations and dissociations, the findings suggest process-specific but orientationgeneral mechanisms. Specific limitations by constraints of individual differences analysis and test selection are discussed.
Data from: Face patch resting state networks link face processing to social cognition
Faces transmit a wealth of social information. How this information is exchanged between face-processing centers and brain areas supporting social cognition remains largely unclear. Here we identify these routes using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in macaque monkeys. We find that face areas functionally connect to specific regions within frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices, as well as subcortical structures supporting emotive, mnemonic, and cognitive functions. This establishes the existence of an extended face-recognition system in the macaque. Furthermore, the face patch resting state networks and the default mode network in monkeys show a pattern of overlap akin to that between the social brain and the default mode network in humans: this overlap specifically includes the posterior superior temporal sulcus, medial parietal, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, areas supporting high-level social cognition in humans. Together, these results reveal the embedding of face areas into larger brain networks and suggest that the resting state networks of the face patch system offer a new, easily accessible venue into the functional organization of the social brain and into the evolution of possibly uniquely human social skills.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.