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87 results for “fathead minnows”
Data from: Impacts of weathered microplastic ingestion on gastrointestinal microbial communities and health endpoints in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
<p>Microplastics are a ubiquitous presence in the world's aquatic environments and their threat to aquatic biota is poorly understood, especially in freshwater ecosystems. In the environment, microbial biofilms can form on the surface of microplastics, and these plastics have the potential to adsorb harmful toxins. Because lab-based studies on microplastics are often conducted with clean polymers, in ecologically unrealistic conditions and concentrations, the impact of these weathered microplastics on aquatic organisms in ecologically realistic conditions is still unclear. To help address the need for ecologically relevant microplastic exposure data, we incubated 500 μm polyethylene microplastic beads in Muskegon Lake, Michigan, USA and used them to conduct a 28-day ingestion study with male and female fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>). We examined the effects of microplastic ingestion on the fish gut microbial community along with hepatic gene expression and health parameters. We found that microplastic ingestion had statistically significant impacts on growth in male fathead minnows. Microplastic treatment did not significantly alter the beta diversity of the gut microbial community for either males or females, but there were clear differences between sexes and over time, indicating that these factors may outweigh the impacts of microplastic ingestion on beta diversity in the gut. The expression of immune response genes was not altered in males. It did, however, cause some changes to alpha diversity metrics in both sexes and there were several differentially abundant taxa among treatments. These data suggest that microplastic ingestion has health effects, but these effects may be sex specific across certain species and they are likely not being solely driven by changes in gut microbial communities.</p>
Fig. 7 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 7. Coronal histological section of the anterior head region of a Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. infected fathead minnow. Approximately 8 myxospore-filled plasmodia are located between the two optic lobes in the anterior-dorsal region of the head cavity. Plasmodia demarcated from adjacent host tissue by a thin fibrocytic membrane that also encircles Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus metacercariae. 100X magnification. Op = Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus metacercariae, Olb: Optic lobe of the minnow brain, Ps: Plasmodia of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. Inset demonstrates distribution of numerous stained and unstained myxospores located within plasmodia.
Fig. 8 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 8. Size-frequency distributions of fathead minnows collected from two wetlands in southern Alberta. The left-hand triplet of graphs (A, B, C) indicates size distributions of the 2020 cohort of fathead minnows assessed in Sept. 2020, June 2021, and Sept. 2021 at McQuillan Reservoir. The right-hand triplet (D, E, F) indicates size distributions assessed at the same times for Coalhurst Stormwater Pond. Dark bars indicate minnows with M. rasmusseni n. sp. lesions.
Fig. 6 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 6. Coronal histological section through the dorsal head region along the frontal plane of a fathead minnow that contained multiple, various-sized plasmodia of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. 1.25X magnification. Rt - Retina of the eye, Ps - Plasmodia, Br - Brain, Ls - Lens of the eye, Ns - Nares, Of – Opercular flap.
Fig. 5 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree produced by Bayesian analysis of aligned partial 18S rDNA gene sequences of M. rasmusseni n. sp. and other Myxobolus spp. infecting cyprinid fishes in Canada, Europe, and Asia. The tree is rooted with Ceratonova shasta (AF001579.1). Nodes are denoted with bootstrap probabilities generated by Bayesian analyses. Species in taxa in groups I-III are highlighted in the pairwise percent identity matrix in Supplementary Table 1.
Fig. 4 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 4. Transmission electron micrographs of plasmodia that contain M. rasmusseni n. sp. myxospores. Sections are from lesioned tissue (see inset in A) located in the circumorbital cavity of a fathead minnow. A. Side-on view of a couplet of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. myxospores at 2500X magnification. Sp - Sporoplasm, Iv - Iodinophilous vacuole, Pc - Polar capsule, Pf - Polar filament; Black arrowheads indicate nuclei, orange arrowheads indicate sutural ridge along the midline of myxospore; blue arrowheads indicate posterior projections on the myxospore. B. Myxospores sectioned in various orientations with adjacent rodlet cells at 2000X magnification. Rc - Rodlet cell, Ms: myxospore.
Fig. 1 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 1. Disfiguring lesions on the heads of 1-yr old fathead minnows infected with Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. Minnows were live-trapped from University Pond, Lethbridge, Ab in summer, 2022, placed into a single aquarium in the laboratory, then photographed with a digital camera. A) Unilateral exopthalmia of the right eye. B) Bilateral exopthalmia with additional lesions on dorsal surface of circumorbital cavity and on surface of left nares. C) Asymmetric exopthalmia of the left dorsal circumorbital cavity; hemorrhage within left vitreous humour, D) Severe hemorrhage of the right eye. E) Pathology of the epidermis of the left posterior circumorbital cavity and surface of left operculum.
Fig. 3. A in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 3. A. Myxospores of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. prepared from a wet mount of a plasmodia-packed lesion located in the circumorbital cavity of an infected fathead minnow. A. Myxospores imaged with differential interference contrast microscope. Thin mucus coat envelopes posterior two thirds of myxospores. B. Composite line drawing of a Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. myxospore; PC – polar capsule; PF – polar filament; MC – mucus coat; SP – sporoplasm; IV – iodinophilous vacuole; N – nucleus.
Fig. 2 in Description, life cycle, and development of the myxozoan Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas: A possible emerging pathogen in southern Alberta, Canada
Fig. 2. In situ image of a school of surfacing 1-yr old fathead minnows in University Pond, Lethbridge, Ab. Each minnow has bilateral or unilateral exopthalmia associated with infection of myxospore-containing plasmodia of Myxobolus rasmusseni n. sp. Note additional large, whitish lesions located on the anterior epidermal surface of some minnows.
Data from: Impacts of weathered microplastic ingestion on gastrointestinal microbial communities and health endpoints in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
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Data from: Microplastic exposure is associated with epigenomic effects in the model organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
<p>Microplastics have evolutionary and ecological impacts across species, affecting organisms' development, reproduction, and behavior along with contributing to genotoxicity and stress. As plastic pollution is increasing and ubiquitous, gaining a better understanding of organismal responses to microplastics is necessary. Gene methylation is a heritable form of molecular regulation that is influenced by environmental conditions, including exposure to pollutants, therefore determining epigenetic responses to microplastics will reveal potential chronic consequences of this pollutant. We performed an experiment across two generations of fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>) to elucidate transgenerational effects of microplastic exposure. We exposed the first generation of fish to four different treatments of microplastics: two concentrations of each of pre-consumer polyethylene (PE) and PE collected from Lake Ontario. We then raised the second generation from these parents with no microplastic exposure. We used reduced-representation methylation sequencing on adult liver tissue and homogenized larvae to evaluate DNA methylation differences among treatments, sexes, and generations. Our findings show the origin of the plastic had a larger effect in female minnows whereas the effect of concentration was stronger in the males. We also observed transgenerational effects, highlighting a mechanism in which parents can pass on the effects of microplastic exposure to their offspring. Many of the differentially methylated genes found in our analyses are known to interact with estrogenic chemicals associated with plastic and are related to metabolism. This study highlights the persistent and potentially serious impacts of microplastic pollution on gene regulation in freshwater systems.</p>
Physiological parameters for four fish species (rainbow trout, zebra fish, fathead minnow and three-spined stickleback) as the basis for the development of generic physiologically-based kinetic models
<p>This excel file (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1414332) provides physiological parameters and their inter-individual variability (mean, coefficient of variation, sample size) for four fish species: rainbow trout (<em>Onchorhynchus mykiss</em>), zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>), fathead minnow (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>), and three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>). These physiological parameters were estimated based on the results of extensive literature searches and specific experimental data described in Grech et al., (2018). </p> <p>This file is associated with R codes (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1414332) for generic PB-K models, partition coefficient Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models for each fish species and parameterisation of model for males and females of each species separately.</p> <p>The full data collection and implementation of the models using case studies are described in Grech et al., 2018 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.163">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.163</a>)</p>
Data from: Microplastic exposure is associated with epigenomic effects in the model organism Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
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Data from: Evaluation of cross-generational exposure to microplastics and co-occurring contaminants on embryonic and larval behavior in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas
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Epidermal club cell densities in fathead minnows: assessment of method and application to a case study
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Many fishes possess epidermal club cells that are the presumptive source of chemical alarm cues and also play a role in innate immune defense. Club cell density has been estimated in some studies but a standardized method for quantifying these cells is lacking.</p> <p>Here, we assess the repeatability of estimating club cell density in fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>). Thin-sectioned histological samples of fathead minnows were stained and mounted on slides and then digitally scanned for scoring. We estimated epidermal area using the segment tool in ImageJ to simulate the traditional method of scoring microscope slides using an ocular micrometer, where epidermal area was estimated by the lengths of straight-line segments of epidermal thickness and length of the tissue sample. The second approach measured epidermal area using the freehand tool in ImageJ.</p> <p>The R<sup>2</sup> value for repeated estimates of club cell density (club cells/mm<sup>2</sup>) ranged from 0.959 and 0.969, depending on the method used to estimate epidermal area. Measurement error in estimates of epidermal area was greater than measurement error in cell counts and the freehand tool was more repeatable than the segment tool as a method to measure epidermal area.</p> <p>We applied these methods to test differences in club cell densities between two sources of fathead minnows; wild-caught fish versus lab-reared fish provided by the Environmental Protection Agency. Lab-reared fish had higher densities of club cells than wild-caught fish did, likely reflecting differences in body condition.epidermal club cells</p>
Data from: High background risk induces risk allocation rather than generalized neophobia in the fathead minnow
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Data from: Microhabitat complexity influences fear acquisition in fathead minnows
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Epidermal club cell densities in fathead minnows: assessment of method and application to a case study
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Antipredator responses of embryos and larval fathead minnows
<p>Most research on embryonic learning and behavior in aquatic vertebrates has focused on fitness benefits after hatching, but the ability of embryos to perceive and respond to environmental stimuli may also have immediate adaptive value. Here, we examined whether fathead minnow embryos, <i>Pimephales promelas</i>, detect and respond to cues indicative of predation risk, and whether the embryonic environment influences behavior after hatching. We compared the behavior of 5-day post-fertilization (dpf) embryos reared in the presence or absence of olfactory alarm cue, alone or in combination with cues of a piscivorous predator (Bluegill sunfish, <i>Lepomis macrochirus</i>). Next, we reared larvae from the embryonic treatments to 21 dpf and tested them in two antipredator behavioral assays reflecting differences in the degree of immediate risk (predator avoidance vs attack evasion). Embryos that developed under perceived high-risk conditions exhibited reduced activity compared to those from low-risk environments. Larvae from high-risk environments also showed enhanced antipredator behavior, and evidence for embryonic predator learning. These data provide new insight into the learning capabilities and antipredator behaviors of aquatic vertebrate embryos.</p>
Antipredator responses of embryos and larval fathead minnows
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