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51 results for “feature evolution”
Architectural Feature Re-Modularization for Software Product Line Evolution
<p>Extensive maintenance leads to the Software Product Line Architecture<br> (PLA) degradation over time. When there is the need of<br> evolving the Software Product Line (SPL) to include new features,<br> or move to a new platform, a degraded PLA requires considerable<br> effort to understand and modify, demanding expensive refactoring<br> activity. In the state of the art, search-based algorithms are used to<br> improve PLA at package level. However, recent studies have shown<br> that the most variability and implementation details of an SPL are<br> described in the level of classes. There is a gap between existing<br> approaches and existing practical needs. In this work, we extend<br> the current state of the art to deal with feature modularization in<br> the level of classes by introducing a new search operator and a set<br> of objective functions to deal with feature modularization in a finer<br> granularity of the architectural elements, namely at class level. We<br> evaluated the proposal in an exploratory study with a PLA widely<br> investigated and a real-world PLA. The results of quantitative and<br> qualitative analysis point out that our proposal provides solutions<br> to properly re-modularize features in a PLA, being preferred by<br> practitioners, in order to support the evolution of SPLs.</p>
Spectrum and Temperature Evolution of Lightning Channel and Dependence on Discharge Feature
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs has recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated using the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated using the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature is slower, and there is even a slight increase in the CC stage. This property reflects the effect of the current action integral.</p>
Spectrum and Temperature Evolution of Lightning Channel and Dependence on Discharge Feature
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs has recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated using the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated using the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature is slower, and there is even a slight increase in the CC stage. This property reflects the effect of the current action integral.</p>
Stigma shape shifting in sages (Salvia: Lamiaceae) – hummingbirds guided the evolution of New World floral features
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>A fundamental question in evolutionary biology is how clades of organisms exert influence on one another. The evolution of the flower and subsequent plant/pollinator coevolution are major innovations that have operated in flowering plants to promote species radiations at a variety of taxonomic levels in the Neotropics. Here we test the hypothesis that pollination by Neotropical endemic hummingbirds drove the evolution of two unique stigma traits in correlation with other floral traits in New World Salvia (Lamiaceae). We examined morphometric shapes of stigma lobing across 400 Salvia spp., scored presence and absence of a stigma brush across Salvia, and used a suite of phylogenetic comparative methods to detect shape regime shifts, correlation of trait shifts with BayesTraits and phylogenetic generalized least square regressions, and the influence of scored pollinators on trait evolution using OUwie. We found that a major Neotropical clade of Salvia evolved a correlated set of stigma features, with a longer upper stigma lobe and stigmatic brush, following an early shift to hummingbird pollination. Evolutionary constraint is evident as subsequent shifts to bee pollination largely retained these two features. Our results support the hypothesis that hummingbirds guided the correlative shifts in corolla, anther connective, style and stigma shape in Neotropical Salvia, despite repeated shifts back to bee pollination. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Temporal Evolution Feature on Spectrum and Temperature of Lightning return stroke Channel
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight lightning return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs have recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated by the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated by the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature calculated by ionic lines is slower. The temperature calculated by atomic lines shown the similar feature, and it is even basically unchanged in the CC stage. This property reflects the persistent heating effect of the current.</p>
Data From: Evolution of woody plants to the land‐sea interface: The atypical genomic features of mangroves with atypical phenotypic adaptation
<p><span>How plants adapt and diverge in extreme environments is a key question of plant evolution and ecology. Mangrove invasion of intertidal environments is facilitated by adaptive phenotypes such as aerial roots, salt-secreting leaf, and viviparity, and genomic mechanisms including whole genome duplication and transposable element number reduction. However, a number of mangroves lack these typical phenotypes. The question we ask is whether these phenotypically atypical mangroves also have distinct genomic features? The sibling mangrove species <em>Lumnitzera littorea</em> and <em>Lumnitzera racemosa</em> provide a model to study this question. We sequenced and assembled their genomes to chromosome level, together with a closely related species <em>Combretum micranthum</em>. While most mangroves have small genomes, the genomes of both <em>Lumnitzera </em>species are large (1443 and 1317 Mb) and carry a high proportion of repeat sequences (~75%). Moreover, <em>Lumnitzera</em> species have not undergone post-gamma whole-genome duplications. Their genome size increased mainly due to the expansion of repeat sequences in their ancestors. However, <em>Lumnitzera </em>genomes have reduced transposable elements by constraining the proliferation of new LTR-RTs. Meanwhile, the two species have more gene families contracted than expanded, and some gene families with reversed size change may underlie their differentiation in root morphology and local distribution. We identified 86 chromosomal inversions, five of which are measured between 6.5 and 12.8 megabases. A number of genes located in these inversions function in pigment biosynthesis, a process likely involved in flower color differentiation between the <em>Lumnitzera </em>species. We conclude that the mangroves with atypical phenotypes also have atypical genomic evolution.</span></p>
Stigma shape shifting in sages (Salvia: Lamiaceae) – hummingbirds guided the evolution of New World floral features
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data From: Evolution of woody plants to the land‐sea interface: The atypical genomic features of mangroves with atypical phenotypic adaptation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Automated Evolution of Feature Logging Statement Levels Using Git Histories and Degree of Interest
<p>Logging—used for system events and security breaches to more informational yet essential aspects of software features—is pervasive. Given the high transactionality of today's software, logging effectiveness can be reduced by information overload. Log levels help alleviate this problem by correlating a priority to logs that can be later filtered. As software evolves, however, levels of logs documenting surrounding feature implementations may also require modification as features once deemed important may have decreased in urgency and vice-versa. We present an automated approach that assists developers in evolving levels of such (feature) logs. The approach, based on mining Git histories and manipulating a degree of interest (DOI) model, transforms source code to revitalize feature log levels based on the "interestingness" of the surrounding code. Built upon JGit and Mylyn, the approach is implemented as an Eclipse IDE plug-in and evaluated on 18 Java projects with ~3 million lines of code and ~4K log statements. Our tool successfully analyzes 99.26% of logging statements, increases log level distributions by ~20%, identifies logs manually modified with a recall of ~80% and a level-direction match rate of ~87%, and increases the focus of logs in bug fix contexts ~83% of the time. Moreover, pull (patch) requests were integrated into large and popular open-source projects. The results indicate that the approach is promising in assisting developers in evolving feature log levels.</p>
Figure 17 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 17. Anatomy of Radomaniola nachtigallae sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 18857). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 21 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 21. Anatomy of Radomaniola szarowskae sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 18566). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 13 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 13. Anatomy of Radomaniola dolens sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 16932). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 16 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 16. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola nachtigallae sp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200165). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 18857). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 24 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 24. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola wolffi sp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200171). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 19533). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 19 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 19. Anatomy of Radomaniola pesici sp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 19048). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 11 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 11. Anatomy of Radomaniola curta maxima subsp. nov. A–H, paratypes (UGSB 19540). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, pallial oviduct. E, bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacles. F, head of male and penis. G, penis. H, prostate gland.
Figure 8 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 8. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola curta omblensis subsp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200155). C–J, paratypes (UGSB 18778). C, D, shells. E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 6 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 6. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola curta montenegrensis subsp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200157). C, paratype (UGSB 19515). D, shell (UGSB 19043). E–J, paratypes (UGSB 19515). E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
Figure 5 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 5. Anatomy of Radomaniola curta meridionalis subsp. nov. A–F, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200152). A, ctenidium and osphradium. B, stomach. C, partial nervous system. D, head of male and penis. E, penis. F, prostate gland.
Figure 4 in Shell features and anatomy of the springsnail genus Radomaniola (Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) show a different pace and mode of evolution over five million years
Figure 4. Shells, operculum and radulae of Radomaniola curta meridionalis subsp. nov. A, B, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200152). C, D, shell (UGSB 14439). E–J, holotype (MNCN 15.05/200152). E, F, operculum (E, inner side; F, outer side). G, protoconch. H, portion of radula ribbon. I, central radular teeth. J, outer marginal teeth.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.