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52 results for “female care”
Fig. 13. A–B. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, live specimens from Huila. A. Male. B. Female. C–D in Peering beyond the monotypic veil: taxonomy and notes on the parental care of Neocranaus (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea: Cranaidae)
Fig. 13. A–B. Neocranaus albiconspersus Roewer, 1913, live specimens from Huila. A. Male. B. Female. C–D. Neocranaus pectinitibialis (Roewer, 1915) comb. nov., live specimens from Tolima. C. Male. D. Female. Pictures: A–B: Julio César González-Gómez; C–D: Luis F. García.
Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it
<p><strong>Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the .csv files used for the statistical analyses of the study "Female mate choice in an arachnid with exclusive paternal care: males in good condition have higher mating success, but only if they can advertise it". In case of questions, please email Laís A. Grossel: <a href="mailto:laisgrossel@gmail.com">laisgrossel@gmail.com</a></p> <p><strong>Data files and structure</strong></p> <p>We have files for verifying the manipulation of males' body condition and a file to assess males' mating success.</p> <p>With the file <strong>morphometry.csv</strong> we determined the body density of all males included in our experiment, using the formula of the ellipsoid: Volume = 4/3 * π * BL/2 * BW/2 * BH/2. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>manipulation:</strong> the moment of taking the measures, with 2 levels: before manipulation and after manipulation</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_length:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_width:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_height:</strong> in mm</li> <li><strong>body_mass:</strong> to the nearest 0.001 g</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>diet_manipulation.csv</strong> we compared the body density of parental males before and after manipulation within each experimental group. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>density_before:</strong> body density before manipulation of diet</li> <li><strong>density_after:</strong> body density after manipulation of diet</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>density_difference.csv</strong> we compared the body density between males of the two experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>body_density:</strong> after manipulation, in g/mm3</li> </ul> <p>With the file <strong>clutches.csv</strong> we analysed the mating success of the males in the experimental groups after manipulation. In this file, we have the headers:</p> <ul> <li><strong>maleID:</strong> identity of manipulated males</li> <li><strong>visit:</strong> visits to the field, with 7 levels</li> <li><strong>diet:</strong> diet experimental group, with 2 levels: good and poor</li> <li><strong>glands:</strong> glands experimental group, with 2 levels: blocked and unblocked</li> <li><strong>exp_group:</strong> experimental group combining the manipulation of diet and glands, with 4 levels: GCBG (good condition and blocked glands), GCUG (good condition and unblocked glands), PCBG (poor condition and blocked glands) and PCUB (poor condition and unblocked glands)</li> <li><strong>clutch:</strong> if the male received eggs from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation, with 2 levels: 0 if the male did not receive eggs and 1 if the male received eggs</li> <li><strong>eggs_number:</strong> number of eggs received from females 15 or 30 days after manipulation</li> </ul>
Data from: Show me you care: female mate choice based on egg attendance rather than male or territorial traits
Female mate choice is often based on male traits, including signals or behaviors, and/or the quality of a male's territory. In species with obligate paternal care, where care directly affects offspring survival, females may also base their mate choices on the quality of a sire's care. Here, we quantified male reproductive success in a natural population of the glassfrog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, a species with male parental care, to determine the influence of territory quality, male traits, and paternal care behaviors on female mate choice. We found that attending males have a higher chance of gaining new clutches than non-attending males. Our results indicate that females do not select males based only on body condition, calling persistence, or territory traits. Instead, our findings support the hypothesis that females choose males based on care status. Indeed, males already attending a clutch were 70% more likely to obtain another clutch, and the time to acquire an additional clutch was significantly shorter. We also found that males adjust their parental care effort in response to genetic relatedness, by caring only for their own offspring; however, remaining close to unrelated clutches serves as a strategy to attract females and increase chances of successful mating. Thus, males that establish territories that already contain clutches benefit from the signal eggs provide to females.
Data from: Show me you care: female mate choice based on egg attendance rather than male or territorial traits
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Data from: Agonistic song rate positively correlates with male breeding success and avian malaria infection in Acrocephalus paludicola (Aquatic Warbler), a promiscuous songbird with female-only parental care
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The evolutionary loss of paternal care is associated with shifts in female life history traits
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CONSORT flow diagram for The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by clinical pharmacist: a randomized clinical trial
<p><strong>The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by </strong>a <strong>clinical pharmacist: a randomized clinical trial</strong>.</p>
Female extra-pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn-tailed Rayadito
<p>Extra-pair behavior is present in 76% of socially monogamous bird species with biparental care. This behavior may produce costs to females related to a reduction in paternal care. We estimated the percentage of extra-pair offspring and quantified paternal care in 44 nests of Thorn-tailed Rayadito (Aphrastura spinicauda) to assess whether males reduce their parental care when females obtain extra-pair fertilizations. We used data from a sub-Antarctic population of Rayadito located on Navarino Island (55°4′S, 67°40′W), southern Chile. We found no statistical support for a relationship between variation in paternal care and the percentage of extra-pair offspring. We discuss how the inability of breeding males to assess their genetic paternity and potential restrictions on behavioral flexibility may explain this result. Additionally, if paternal care is subjected to sexual selection, this could limit a facultative response to female extra-pair behavior by males. Finally, it is possible that a reduction in paternal care might not have evolved in this particular locality given the low frequency of extra-pair paternity in our study population.</p>
Evolution of female colors in birds: The role of female cost of reproduction and paternal care
<p><span>Female ornamentation is frequently observed in animal species and is sometimes found as more evolutionarily labile than male ornamentation. A complex array of factors may explain its presence and variation. Here we assessed the role of female cost of reproduction and paternal care. Both factors have been pinpointed as important by theoretical studies but have not been investigated yet in detail at the interspecific level. We worked on 133 species of North temperate Passeriformes bird species for which both the clutch volume – here taken as the proxy of female cost of reproduction – and the amount of paternal care are relatively well known. Using spectrometry, we measured the whole-body colored plumage patches and quantified three metrics corresponding to brightness (i.e. achromatic component), color chromaticity (i.e. intensity), and color volume (i.e. diversity). We found a strong association between male and female color metrics. Controlling for this association, we found additional small but detectable effects of both cost of reproduction and paternal care. First, females of species with more paternal care were slightly brighter. Second, the interaction between the level of paternal care and egg volume was correlated with female color intensity: females with more paternal care tended to be more chromatic, only when their investment in reproduction was low. Together these results suggest that female cost of reproduction and paternal care are part of the multiple factors explaining variation of female coloration, besides the strong covariation between male and female coloration.</span></p>
Maternity uncertainty in cobreeding beetles: females lay more and larger eggs and provide less care
<p>Cobreeding, which occurs when multiple females breed together, is likely to be associated with uncertainty over maternity of offspring in the joint brood, preventing females from directing resources towards their own offspring. Cobreeding females may respond to such uncertainty by shifting their investment towards the stages of offspring development when they are certain of maternity and away from those stages where uncertainty is greater. Here we examined how uncertainty of maternity influences investment decisions of cobreeding females by comparing cobreeding and single breeding females in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides; a species in which females can breed together on a single carcass but cannot recognise their own offspring. We found that cobreeding females shifted investment towards the egg stage of offspring development by laying more and larger eggs than females breeding alone. Furthermore, cobreeding females reduced their investment to post-hatching care of larvae by spending less time providing care than females breeding alone. We show that females can respond to the presence of a competitor by shifting allocation towards egg laying and away from post-hatching care, thereby directing resources to their own offspring. Our results demonstrate that responses to parentage uncertainty are not restricted to males, but that, unlike males, females respond by shifting their investment to different components of reproduction within a single breeding attempt. Such flexibility may allow individuals to cope with a variety of negative social or physical environments</p>
A Study to Assess the Safety of Myozyme® and of Aldurazyme® in Male and Female Participants of Any Age Group With Pompe Disease or With Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS I) in a Home-care Setting
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05073783. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
High-yield HIV Testing, Facilitated Linkage to Care, and Prevention for Female Youth in Kenya
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02735642. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Maternity uncertainty in cobreeding beetles: females lay more and larger eggs and provide less care
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Evolution of female colors in birds: The role of female cost of reproduction and paternal care
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Female extra-pair behavior is not associated with reduced paternal care in Thorn-tailed Rayadito
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Data from: Male and female preferences for nest characteristics under paternal care
Nests play a critical role for offspring development across the animal kingdom. Nest quality may contribute to the builder's extended phenotype and serve as an ornament during mate choice. We examined male and female nest choice in the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps), a benthic fish with male-only parental care where females deposit eggs in male-built nests. Using pre-built nest models, we independently manipulated two candidate nest quality traits, (i) nest entrance width with a role in oxygen ventilation and (ii) extent of sand cover with a role in camouflage. In simultaneous choice trials, male gobies exhibited no preference for any nest model type. This suggests that initial characteristics of a nesting substrate have minor importance for males, which usually remodel the nest. Females were given a choice between two males occupying either entrance- or cover-manipulated nests. The same pair of males was then exposed to a second female but now with alternated nest types assigned. Most females were consistent in choosing the same, typically the heavier male of the two regardless of nest properties. However, the females that chose the same nest regardless of the male preferred low over high sand coverage and narrow over wide nest entrance. Our results indicate that females base their mating decision on a combination of male phenotype and nest traits. While we found no indication that females are attracted to highly decorated nests, our study is the first in fishes to disentangle a preference for narrow (and thus more protective) nest entrances independent of nest coverage.
Data from: Pregnancy reduces concurrent pup care behaviour in meerkats, generating differences between dominant and subordinate females
<p><span>In some mammals, and particularly in cooperative breeding ones, successive bouts of reproduction can overlap so that a female is often pregnant while still nurturing dependent young from her previous litter. </span><span>Such an overlap requires females to divide their energetic budget between two reproductive activities, and pregnancy costs </span><span>would consequently be expected to reduce investment in concurrent offspring care. However, explicit evidence for such reductions is scarce, and the potential effects they may have on work division in cooperative breeders have not been explored.</span></p> <p><span>Using 25 years of data on reproduction and cooperative behaviour in wild Kalahari meerkats, supplemented with field experiments, we investigated whether pregnancy reduces contributions to cooperative pup care behaviours, including babysitting, provisioning, and raised guarding. We also explored whether pregnancy, which is more frequent in dominants than subordinates, could account for the reduced contributions of dominants to the cooperative pup care behaviours. </span></p> <p><span>We found that pregnancy, particularly at late stages of gestation, reduces contributions to cooperative pup care; that these reductions are eliminated when the food available to pregnant females is experimentally supplemented; and that pregnancy effects accounted for differences between dominants and subordinates in two of the three cooperative behaviours examined (pup provisioning and raised guarding but not babysitting). </span></p> <p><span>By linking pregnancy costs with reductions in concurrent pup care, our findings illuminate a tradeoff between investment in successive, overlapping bouts of reproduction. They also suggest that some of the differences in cooperative behaviour between dominant and subordinate females in cooperative breeding mammals can be a direct consequence of differences in their breeding frequency. </span></p>
CONSORT Checklist for The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by clinical pharmacist: A Randomized Clinical Trial
<p>CONSORT Checklist for The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by clinical pharmacist: A Randomized Clinical Trial</p>
The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by clinical pharmacist: A Randomized Clinical Trial
<p>The assessment of educational and supportive care to the infertile females undergoes In Vitro Fertilization procedure by clinical pharmacist: A Randomized Clinical Trial</p>
Educational and Supportive Care to Depressed Infertile Females
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06022640. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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