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149 results for “field cricket”
Consistent traffic noise impacts few fitness-related traits in a field cricket
<p>Anthropogenic habitat change is occurring rapidly, and organisms can respond through within-generation responses that improve the match between their phenotype and the novel conditions they encounter. But, plastic responses can be adaptive or maladaptive and are most likely to be adaptive only when contemporary conditions reasonably mimic something experienced historically to which a response has already evolved. Noise pollution is a ubiquitous anthropogenic stressor that accompanies expanding urbanization. We tested whether the amplitude of traffic noise influences a suite of fitness-related traits (e.g. survival, life history, reproductive investment, immunity) and whether that depends on the life stage at which the noise is experienced (juvenile or adult). Our treatments mimic the conditions experienced by animals living in urban roadside environments with variable vehicle types, but continuous movement of traffic. We used the Pacific field cricket, an acoustically communicating insect that was previously shown to experience some negative behavioral and life history responses to very loud, variable traffic noise, as a model system. </p>
Data from: Texas field crickets (Gryllus texensis) use visual cues to place learn but perform poorly when intra- and extra-maze cues conflict
<p>Central place foraging field crickets are an ideal system for studying the adaptive value of learning and memory, but more research is needed on ecology-relevant cognition in these invertebrates. Here, we test the visuospatial place learning of Texas field crickets (<em>Gryllus texensis</em>) in a radial arm maze. Our study expands previous work on <em>G. texensis</em> cognition for accuracy measures and extends our previous findings on females to both sexes. Additionally, our study examines whether crickets use intra- or extra-maze cues to locate a food reward using a maze rotation putting the cues in conflict. We found that male and female crickets improved performance over trials when measured by accuracy variables but not latency variables; thigmotaxis negatively impacted performance in both sexes. In a reward-absent trial, both male and female crickets demonstrated place memory. When intra- and extra-maze cues conflicted during a rotation trial, crickets' performance was not better than chance. Our rotation results suggest that crickets may experience reciprocal overshadowing of conflicting cues – a result most often seen in other taxa with conflicting multi-modal cues. We conclude that crickets do not rely solely on: (1) a single-cue association; (2) route-following; or (3) their own scent cues to navigate the maze. Instead, male and female Texas field crickets seem to learn the location of the reward using a combination of proximal and distal cues. The possibility to test large numbers of wild-caught or laboratory-reared individuals opens the door to future investigations on the evolutionary ecology of visuospatial learning in these invertebrates.</p>
PLATE IIB. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–E), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A, Male elytra membranous & harpvein only one; B, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; C, Lateral field of tegmina inmale blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins and the fourth incomplete; D, The hind femur with a feeble brownish band/stripe; E, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle. Trigonidium Rambur, 1839. (F–I), Trigonidium humbertianum (Saussure, 1878): F, Anterior tibiae with tympanum on both sides; G, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi large and triangular; H, Female ovipositor curved, compressed, acute at apex; I, Male sub-genital plate feebly notched at apex. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IIB. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–E), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A, Male elytra membranous & harpvein only one; B, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; C, Lateral field of tegmina inmale blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins and the fourth incomplete; D, The hind femur with a feeble brownish band/stripe; E, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle. Trigonidium Rambur, 1839. (F–I), Trigonidium humbertianum (Saussure, 1878): F, Anterior tibiae with tympanum on both sides; G, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi large and triangular; H, Female ovipositor curved, compressed, acute at apex; I, Male sub-genital plate feebly notched at apex.
PLATE IIA. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–K), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A–B, Male and female black, shining;the male with membranous elytra, while female elytra corneous, convex with plain, longitudinal veins. Vertex flattened and sloping; C, Head wide and black; antenae yellow with first joint black; D, Pronotum black, pubescent; E, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; F, Tympanum external; G, Male elytra membranous; H, The hind femurwith a feeble brownish band/stripe; I, Legs yellowish; J, Lateral field of tegmina in male blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins andthe fourth incomplete; K, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle, cerci long. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IIA. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–K), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A–B, Male and female black, shining;the male with membranous elytra, while female elytra corneous, convex with plain, longitudinal veins. Vertex flattened and sloping; C, Head wide and black; antenae yellow with first joint black; D, Pronotum black, pubescent; E, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; F, Tympanum external; G, Male elytra membranous; H, The hind femurwith a feeble brownish band/stripe; I, Legs yellowish; J, Lateral field of tegmina in male blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins andthe fourth incomplete; K, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle, cerci long.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular.
Fig. 8 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 8: (a) Most basal region of the accessory gland with the duct being covered with a muscle coat containing circular (cm) and longitudinal (lm) muscle fibres (bar: 1 mm). (b) Typical appearance of a single cell within the tissue of the accessory gland (bar: 10 µm). (c) Basal part of the gland's epithelium with a basal membrane (bm) demarcating the epithelium from the coelom (bar: 10 µm). Additional abbreviations: nl…nucleolus, tr…tracheole.
Fig. 9 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 9: Ultrastructure of the apical part of an accessory gland cell with its typical arrangement of the microvilli and the three-layer cuticula (bar: 5 µm). (b) More detailed view on the apical part (bar: 3 µm). (c) Basal part of an accessory gland cell with an extensive formation of extracellular spaces (bar: 5 µm). Additional abbreviation: cb: cell border.
Fig. 7 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 7: (a) Detailed cellular structure of the glandular region II of the ductus receptaculi (bar: 10 µm). (b) End apparatus of a glandular cell within region II of the ductus (bar: 3 µm). (c) Cellular ultra-structure of region III of the ductus (bar: 10 µm). Additional abbreviations: cfc…cuticula-forming cell, ecs…extracellular space, ed…efferent ductule, ep…epithelium, mc…muscle coat, mit…mitochondrium, n..nucleus, ves…vesicle.
Fig. 5 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 5: Detailed views of some essential structures within the reproductive system of female Teleogryllus. (a) Different cross sections of the ductus receptaculi exhibiting a typical one-layer epithelium being demarcated from the glandular lumen by a more or less thick cuticular intima (bar: 0.5 mm). (b) Cross sections through the middle region of the ductus receptaculi with its glandular charcteristics (bar: 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: see Fig. 4, additional abbreviation: m…muscle tissue.
Fig. 6 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 6: Detailed morphology and histology of selected reproductive structures. (a) Internal surface of the receptaculum seminis with its numerous spines (sp; bar: 10 µm). (b) Cuticular process in the receptaculum (bar: 10 µm). (c) Detailed view on the terminal papilla (tp) and the orifice of the median oviduct (mo; bar: 0.1 mm). (d) Ultrastructure of region I of the ductus receptaculi (bar: 5 µm). (e) Cross section through region II of the ductus (bar: 30 µm). Additional abbreviations: ci…cuticular intima, gc…glandular cell, lu…lumen, ml…muscle layer, mv…microvilli.
Fig. 4 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 4: (a) Median histological section through the terminal segments of the female abdomen with its essential reproductive structures (bar: 0.5 mm). (b) Cross section through the 7th abdominal segment providing a detailed insight into the arrangement of several ductal structures (bar: 0.5 mm). Abbreviations: ag…accessory gland, dr2…ductus receptaculi, region II, dr3…ductus receptaculi, region III, ft…fatty tissue, gt…gut, lo…lateral oviduct, mo…median oviduct, op…ovipositor, rs…receptaculum seminis, sgp…subgenital plate, tp…terminal papilla.
Fig. 2 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 2: (a) Median section through those abdominal segments containing the reproductive system. The accessory glands positioned more laterally are not visible in this view (bar: 2 mm). (b) Illustration exhibiting the organ arrangement of the reproductive system in orthopteran insects (bar: 2 mm).
Fig. 1 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 1: (a) Female of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869, lateral view (bar: 1 cm). (b) Ventral view of the female with the typical segmental organization of the abdomen (bar: 1 cm). (c) Terminal segments of the abdomen with a window cut into segment 7 (bar: 5 mm).
Fig. 3 in Morphology and histology of the reproductive system in females of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus WALKER 1869 (Insecta: Orthoptera): a drawing study
Fig. 3: (a) Morphological organization of the receptacular complex in female Telegryllus (bar: 0.5 mm). (b) Cross sections through the morphologically distinguishable regions of the ductus receptaculi (bar: 0.1 mm). (c) External shape of an accessory gland occurring in females of the black field cricket (bar: 2 mm). (d) Cross sections through the apical region III and the middle region II (bars: 0.5 mm).
Fig. 1 in Dependence of the sperm number on the adult age of the male black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus W ALKER (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Fig. 1: Shape and morphology of the spermatophore (total length: ca. 5 mm) separated from males of the black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus.
Fig. 2 in Dependence of the sperm number on the adult age of the male black field cricket Teleogryllus commodus W ALKER (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Fig. 2: Results of sperm quantification of male crickets belonging to different age categories: (a) Age-dependence of the percentage of filled/unfilled spermatophores (N = 80); (b) Age-dependence of the number of sperm per spermatophore (N = 80). The asterisk indicates a significant difference (p <0.05) between adjacent mean values.
Fig. 6 in Relationship between body size and reproductive capacity in females of the black field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)
Fig. 6: Standardization of the data presented in Figs. 2 to 5 according to the algorithm presented by HONĚK (1993): (a) oviposited eggs vs body mass, (b) eggs stored in the ovary vs body mass, (c) ovary mass vs body mass, (d) number of ovarioles vs body mass. Abbreviations: M - median, X - investigated trait.
Fig. 3 in Relationship between body size and reproductive capacity in females of the black field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)
Fig. 3: Relationship between the number of mature eggs stored in the ovary and female body mass (N = 50).
Fig. 2 in Relationship between body size and reproductive capacity in females of the black field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)
Fig. 2: Relationship between the daily number of eggs oviposited in the substrate and female body mass (N = 50).
Fig. 1 in Relationship between body size and reproductive capacity in females of the black field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae)
Fig. 1: Anatomic organization of the female reproductive system in the black field cricket: (1) ovary with eggs, (2) receptaculum seminis, (3) ductus receptaculi, (4) oviduct, (5) accessory glands, (6) terminal papilla, (7) genital chamber.
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