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4 results for “fire refugia”
Fire refugia facilitate forest and savanna co‐existence as alternative stable states
<p>Aim: Does complex topography facilitate the establishment and persistence of fire‐ sensitive (forest) vegetation in a fire‐prone landscape? We test the prediction that fire‐sensitive vegetation will establish and persist in areas where the fire return interval is lower due to a topographic hindrance on fire spread. Location: Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.</p> <p>Methods: Using aerial photographs from six time periods between 1937 and 2013, we mapped vegetation changes in Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (HiP). Using a general‐ ized additive model (GAM), we built a habitat suitability index (HSI) map for forest vegetation based on topographic variables related to fire behaviour and the vegeta‐ tion distribution maps from each time period. We investigated transitions between vegetation types between time periods based on the HSI map, as well as the effects of neighbourhood vegetation on transition probabilities.</p> <p>Results: Forest cover has increased overall from 1937 to 2013, however, this has not been a linear increase with a peak in extent in the early 1990s. The HSI, using topo‐ graphic predictors associated with fire behaviour, correlates with areas of expansion and contraction of forest vegetation. The patterns of expansion and contraction are, however, more nuanced, with the in situ vegetation neighbourhood playing a large role.</p> <p>Main Conclusions: Forest distributions in HiP have not remained static over time and have expanded into areas that were once savannas. This is a dynamic system where both forest and savanna boundaries can change considerably. Fire refugia are impor‐ tant for the long‐term persistence of forests in fire‐prone landscapes.</p>
Data from: The potential importance of unburned islands as refugia for the persistence of wildlife species in fire-prone ecosystems
The persistence of wildlife species in fire-prone ecosystems is under increasing pressure from global change, including alterations in fire regimes caused by climate change. However, unburned islands might act to mitigate negative effects of fire on wildlife populations by providing habitat in which species can survive and recolonize burned areas. Nevertheless, the characteristics of unburned islands and their role as potential refugia for the post-fire population dynamics of wildlife species remain poorly understood. We used a newly developed unburned island database of the north-western United States from 1984–2014 to assess the post-fire response of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a large gallinaceous bird inhabiting the sagebrush ecosystems of North America, in which wildfires are common. Specifically, we tested whether pre- and post-fire male attendance trends at mating locations (leks) differed between burned and unburned areas, and to what extent post-fire habitat composition at multiple scales could explain such trends. Using time-series of male counts at leks together with spatially-explicit fire history information, we modelled whether male attendance was negatively affected by fire events. Results revealed that burned leks often exhibit sustained decline in male attendance, whereas leks within unburned islands or >1.5 km away from fire perimeters tend to show stable or increasing trends. Analyses of post-fire habitat composition further revealed that sagebrush vegetation height within 0.8 km around leks, as well elevation within 0.8km, 6.4km, and 18 km around leks, had a positive effect on male attendance trends. Moreover, the proportion of the landscape with cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover >8% had negative effects on male attendance trends within 0.8 km, 6.4 km, and 18 km of leks, respectively. Our results indicate that maintaining areas of unburned vegetation within and outside fire perimeters may be crucial for sustaining sage-grouse populations following wildfire, and requires more attention in wildlife management.
Data from: The potential importance of unburned islands as refugia for the persistence of wildlife species in fire-prone ecosystems
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Fire refugia facilitate forest and savanna co‐existence as alternative stable states
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